In 2020, the consumption of potato staple food in China will account for 30%. When can potato steamed bread be eaten？
Little "potato king", fire again and again. The Ministry of Agriculture recently issued "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Potato Industry", proposing that by 2020, the potato planting area will be expanded to more than 100 million mu, the proportion of varieties suitable for staple food processing will reach 30%, and staple food consumption will account for 30% of the total potato consumption.
Therefore, as soon as this Guiding Opinion was released, it triggered a heated discussion in the society. Potatoes, originally a home-cooked dish on the dining table, are shredded potatoes with vinegar, fresh potatoes and stewed beef with potatoes … … I’m afraid we can’t count how many potatoes we have eaten these years. Many people are puzzled. Why should we advocate the development of potato staple food? Is there not enough food to eat? How to eat potatoes as a staple food? How to promote the potato industry development?
From "non-staple food" to "staple food", why does potato "counterattack"?
"The development of potato staple food is not to let everyone directly eat potatoes as staple food." Dai Xiaofeng, director of the Agricultural Products Processing Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, explained that the development of potato staple food is to process potatoes into staple food products such as steamed bread, noodles and rice noodles suitable for China people’s consumption habits, so as to realize the transformation from non-staple food consumption to staple food consumption, from raw material products to industrialized series of finished products, and from food and clothing consumption to nutritional and healthy consumption.
Is it not enough to eat potatoes that are used to being eaten as vegetables as dry food?
Zeng Yande, director of the Planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: "China’s grain has been harvested for 12 consecutive years. The implementation of potato staple food development does not mean that there is a shortage of the three major rations. However, from the perspective of supply-side structure, rations appear ‘ Three quantities increase together ’ Phenomenon, especially the pressure of corn destocking, so it is necessary to reduce the corn planting area. From the demand side structure, with the improvement of living standard and consumption level, the pursuit of nutrition and health has become a consumption trend, while the market structure of agricultural products is relatively simple. Therefore, incorporating potatoes into the staple food family will help promote the effective docking between the supply side and the demand side of agriculture. "
In addition, promoting the development of potato staple food is also conducive to alleviating the pressure on resources and environment and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture. Potato is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and has wide adaptability, so it is easier to plant.
So, why did you choose potatoes as the staple food?
The history of food has proved that potato is a staple food suitable for human needs. Yu Xinrong, Vice Minister of Agriculture, said that in Europe and America, potatoes have been the staple food for hundreds of years. As far as China is concerned, potatoes have become the staple food on the table of ordinary people in parts of Shaanxi and Ningxia in the northwest and parts of Northeast China. With the development of economy, consumer demand is increasingly diversified. In order to comply with this trend, we should constantly realize the diversification of staple food and promote potato staple food throughout the country.
The most exciting thing is the nutritional value of potatoes. Wang Xiaohu, director of the Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that through testing, it was found that potato staple food contains all seven kinds of nutrients needed by the human body, and also makes up for the lack of vitamin A and vitamin C in the daily staple food. The vitamin content in 100 grams of potato is equivalent to 7 apples, or one and a half tomatoes, and the potassium content is equivalent to two bananas.
Liang Xisen, chairman of Himsen Group engaged in potato breeding and industrial development, told the reporter: "99% of the compressed biscuits eaten by the troops are all potato powder, and the food of astronauts in space is also processed from potato powder. The nutritional value of potato powder can be seen."
Wang Xiaohu said that the experiment conducted by the project team in Inner Mongolia showed that sticking to eating steamed bread with 30% potato flour made people healthier in terms of blood sugar, blood lipid and insulin.
When can I eat potato steamed bread?
"I just heard on the news that potatoes are staple food, but I have never seen potato steamed bread in the supermarket. Where can I buy it?" Speaking of potato staple food, Aunt Wang, a Beijing citizen who is shopping for food in the supermarket, is very curious.
"The nutritional value of potato whole powder is relatively high, and the general whole powder content is 20%— 30% of potato steamed bread is delicious. " Liang Xisen said that in June last year, Himsen Group began to produce potato steamed bread in factory, including one local ordinary steamed bread in 0.5 yuan and one potato steamed bread in 1 yuan. The products were in short supply and sold in large quantities to Tianjin, Jinan and other places, and the Beijing market was slowly developing.
Not only steamed bread, but also 154 kinds of potato staple food products in six categories were displayed on the spot at the high-level seminar and achievement conference of potato industry development held by China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In addition to popular staple foods such as steamed bread and noodles, there were instant bean paste cakes, unique chrysanthemum cakes and delicate and delicious cookies & HELIP; … The delicious taste makes the tasters full of praise.
"Take the staple food products with potato flour accounting for 40% as an example. In the next 10 years, with the speed of 20%, the consumption capacity of traditional staple food products of potatoes can reach about 20 million tons, and the consumption capacity of leisure products can reach about 8 million tons." Wang Xiaohu said that the potato product market will be a vast "blue ocean".
"It is imperative to accelerate the industrialization of potatoes." Yu Xinrong said that potato industrialization has made progress in stages, but to meet the huge potential market, it is necessary to start from all aspects and constantly accelerate the pace of industrialization.
"Breeding innovation needs to be strengthened, especially the breeding of potato varieties suitable for staple food processing." Dai Xiaofeng said that the dry matter content of potato is obviously different because of different producing areas and varieties. For example, the yield per mu of some varieties in Shandong producing areas can reach 3-mdash; 4 tons, but the starch content is low and the flour yield is low; On the contrary, Gansu "Yidianhong" with high starch content has high flour yield, but the yield per mu is only 1-mdash; 1.5 tons. Experts say that how to cultivate varieties with high yield and high starch content is another key to industrial development.
Wang Xiaohu introduced that the Academy of Agricultural Sciences has built a basic information database of 245 potato varieties and determined the potato screening system. A total of 18 varieties suitable for staple food development in 4 ecological regions were screened out to speed up the solution of this problem.
"The processing problem needs to be solved." Dai Xiaofeng believes that the whole flour processing link faces two major problems. First, the strength of enterprises is weak and the production capacity is low. At present, the national production capacity is only 80,000 tons, and the actual operating rate is less than half. Second, the production cost is high. "In terms of cooked flour, the cost per ton of flour is 4,000 yuan, and the cost per ton of whole potato flour is 10,000 — 12 thousand yuan. How to solve the problem of high cost will be the focus in the future. "
"The staple food products should be more abundant." Yu Xinrong said that enterprises can sensitively tap the market demand and innovate more diversified potato staple food products. It is understood that potato steamed bread has been sold in more than 600 supermarkets in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but to meet the eating habits of different regions and different levels of consumer groups, enterprises need to increase the intensity of innovative products.
Potato industrialization will not compete with the three staple foods for land.
China’s arable land area is limited, and the constraints of resources and environment are getting tighter and tighter. Will vigorously promoting potato industrialization and expanding potato planting area form a situation of competing with the three staple foods for land and water?
"Promoting the potato industry will not compete with the three major grains for water and land." Zeng Yande said that potato production should be expanded according to local conditions by using winter fallow fields in the south, arid and semi-arid areas in the northwest and groundwater overexploitation areas in North China, and efforts should be made to form a situation in which potatoes, rice, wheat and corn complement each other and develop in a coordinated way.
"Increasing the potato planting area coincides with adjusting the planting structure." Zeng Yande said that at present, the corn production capacity is over-capacity. In the past 12 years, the national corn planting area has increased by more than 200 million mu, of which the "sickle bend" area accounts for nearly 40%. In the future, the potato planting area with less water demand and relatively high yield can be increased in the "sickle bend" area.
Potato industrialization should be promoted step by step with emphasis. Yu Xinrong said that the future will be promoted according to the overall layout of "one main center and seven sub-centers". Beijing, as the main center, will become the research and development technology center of potato products, forming a number of leading product formulas and processing technologies. Promote potato development in Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China step by step, cultivate consumer groups, expand consumer markets, and develop potato products with regional characteristics according to regional consumption habits to meet consumer demand.
The supporting policies for potato production need to be gradually implemented. Zeng Yande introduced that the relevant departments will improve the potato production support policies and implement policies such as agricultural support and protection subsidies and agricultural machinery purchase subsidies. Encourage all localities to implement land, electricity, water, gas and other price concessions for potato processing enterprises. Increase investment in potato production, support seed potato production, storage facilities construction, standardized production technology promotion, market and information services. Actively explore the credit guarantee and insurance mechanism of potato industry, guide financial institutions to expand credit support for potato staple food industry, increase credit lines and implement preferential interest rates.
"But financial capital investment only plays a guiding role." Dai Xiaofeng said that the development of potato industry involves many links such as scientific research, production, processing, circulation and consumption, and it is a complex systematic project. Only by adhering to the combination of government guidance and market regulation, giving full play to the leading and exemplary role of enterprises, tackling key problems in the technical mode of staple food development, improving and perfecting the processing technology of staple food, and doing a good job in consumer guide, can potatoes really become the staple food on the table of the people. (Reporter Feng Hua Wang Hao)