Another year of college entrance examination.

This year’s college entrance examination day just happened to coincide with the Dragon Boat Festival. Xiao Dianjun wishes all candidates "Gao Zongzi" here!

The Chinese exam on the morning of June 7th has just ended, and the "College Entrance Examination Composition" once again reached the top of the hot search list with the attitude of "explosion".

If there are so many questions in the college entrance examination, why can only the composition explode?

After all, after graduation, after mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history and other disciplines are all returned to the teacher, composition is the only big problem that the majority of people who eat melons can still understand.

With all the nine essay questions revealed, people from all walks of life began to analyze and compare, and gave exclusive analysis one after another.

After reading these topics, Xiao Dianjun also studied them and found the secret of solving problems in film and television works.

National Volume I: Love of Labor

Read the following materials and write as required.

"People’s livelihood is diligent, but diligence is not scarce", and labor is the source of wealth and happiness. "Sleeping at night, sweeping the court" and loving labor are the excellent traditions of the Chinese nation, which have continued to this day. But in real life, there are also some students who don’t understand labor and don’t want to work. Some said, "We are so busy studying that labor takes up too much time!" " Some said, "With the rapid progress of science and technology, labor can be left to artificial intelligence in the future!" Others said, "Labor is so hard and tiring, why do you have to do it yourself? Spend some money to let others do it! " In addition, there are some phenomena around us that don’t respect labor.

This has aroused people’s deep thinking.

Please write a speech for the students in our school (collectively referred to as "Fuxing Middle School") in combination with the content of the materials, and advocate that everyone "love labor and start from me", reflect your understanding and thinking, and put forward hopes and suggestions. Requirements: self-made title, self-selected angle, and determined idea; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words.

The title of this question is very clear, that is, "love labor."

Advocating that everyone loves labor can be discussed from three dimensions: looking back at history, focusing on the present and looking forward to the future.

In the past, manual workers were highly respected, and the concept of "the most glorious work" has long been a social consensus. From the founding of New China to the early 1980s, workers not only played an important role in creating wealth, but also enjoyed dignity, a high-spirited spirit and a rich emotional life, which reflected that there were many related cultural works during this period.

Taking movies as an example, there is equality, which is both realistic and emotional to the workers.

At present, there are film and television works featuring ordinary workers, such as "Labor Makes Chinese Dream", "Great Craftsman" and "Extreme Laborer". Through the lens, we find out how the hard work of laborers is related to our food, clothing, housing and transportation, and the value of labor is highlighted.

When enumerating students’ misconceptions in the title, it is said that some people think that "labor can be handed over to artificial intelligence in the future", and the classic animation "Kawara Tsutomu" shows the audience a terrible future without labor.

National Volume II: Youth Patriotism

Read the following materials and write as required.

In 1919, when the nation was in danger, young students in China set off a great patriotic revolutionary movement that was completely anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. In 1949, Chinese stood up! Young people in New China devote themselves to the new journey of motherland construction. In 1979, the "spring of science" was full of vitality, and many students were eager to serve the country and merged into the torrent of reform and opening up. In 2019, the young China triumphed, and the young people in the new era bravely took the baton and swore that "a strong country has me". In 2049, the Chinese nation achieved great rejuvenation, and China youth continued to struggle … …

Please choose one of the following tasks to finish your writing as a young student party.

(1) on May 4, 1919, the speech at the student rally.

(2) on October 1, 1949, after attending the founding ceremony celebration parade, I wrote a letter to my family.

On September 15th, 1979, I wrote a letter to my classmates after attending the opening ceremony of freshmen.

4 On April 30, 2019, I watched the "100th Anniversary of the May 4th Movement".

⑤ On September 30th, 2049, I wrote a National Day condolence letter to a "century-old China meritorious figure".

Requirements: combine the materials, choose the angle, and determine the idea; Fit the identity and background; Conform to stylistic features; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words. ?

This question is so exciting that the examinee is exposed to a specific historical time and space from the beginning of the new-democratic revolution (1919) to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation (2049), from which five landmark historical nodes are selected: the May 4th Movement, the founding of New China, the reform and opening up, the 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement and the 100th anniversary of the founding of New China.

With the vicissitudes of the times, the nation of China has gone through the historical process of standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. The youth always share the same fate with the motherland and shoulder the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

In the movie "Nothing to Ask", we can see that the youth in China have always lived up to their mission, no matter in the past, present or future.

National Volume III: Teacher-student Relationship

Read the following cartoon materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

Requirements: combine the content and meaning of the material, choose a good angle, determine the concept, clarify the style, and draw up the title by yourself; Do not copy or copy; Personal information shall not be disclosed.

It is said that this is an essay question that was put in the People’s Daily.

The night before the college entrance examination, People’s Daily WeChat official account tweeted, "In the last class of senior three, the teacher said, Look at the papers again, and I’ll look at you again."

In the movies, there is an unforgettable image of the head teacher. Under their seemingly strict appearance, they often wrap a heart that loves students.

This year’s low-budget film "Teacher Good" can become a dark horse, and Yu Qian’s tough-looking and soft-hearted teacher contributed a lot.

In the movie, he gave chocolate to every student, which was very sincere and touching. High school life will come to an end, but it doesn’t mean that the teacher-student relationship will also end.

National Chinese Test Paper: I love the Olympics best.

Read the following materials and write as required.

On May 10, 2019, the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was 1000 days. Lai ‘an Middle School held a class meeting on the theme of "I love the Olympics". Xiaohua said: "I like the Olympic motto best: swifter, higher and stronger!" " David said, "I like table tennis player Malone best. I hope that one day I can become a world champion and proudly say’ I am made in China’ like him! " Qi said: "I like the slogan of the Olympic movement best:’ The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not victory, but participation.’ I don’t have any sports expertise, but I often exercise! "

Please write an article according to the content of the material and your experience and thinking.

Requirements: ① Self-made topic, self-selected style. ② No less than 600 words.

③ Do not copy. (4) The candidates’ real names, school names, place names and other information shall not appear in the text.

It can be said that this question perfectly responds to the hot event of "1000 days countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games".When the countdown was 1000 days, Xiao Dianjun, who followed the hot spot, tweeted that the countdown to the Winter Olympics was 1000 days! Has the wind of sports movies finally come?

Now, it seems that the upcoming films about sportsmanship are excellent writing materials!

Beijing volume: the resilience of civilization; The color of 2019

Choose one of the following two questions and answer as required. No less than 700 words. Copy the questions on the answer sheet.

(1) "toughness" refers to the soft and solid nature of the object, which is not easy to break. Chinese civilization, which has gone through wind and rain, continues to this day, embodying the spirit of "tenacity". Looking back at the long history of China, the resilience of this civilization is particularly evident at critical moments. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation needs to stimulate the resilience of this civilization.

Please write an argumentative essay on the topic of "the resilience of civilization". You can talk about your thoughts from the perspectives of China’s historical changes, ideology and culture, language and writing, literature and art, social life and Chinese’s character.

Requirements: clear views, sufficient arguments and reasonable arguments.

2 color refers to color; Different colors are often given different meanings. In 2019, we solemnly commemorate the 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement and celebrate the 70th birthday of the Republic. As a student taking the college entrance examination in this special year, what color will you give to 2019 to vividly express your feelings and understanding?

Please write a narrative with the theme of "Color in 2019".

Requirements: healthy thinking, substantial content, sincere feelings, using narrative, description and lyric and other expressions.

Tianjin Volume: Patriotism in Different Periods

Read the following materials and write as required.

Yes, the present China is broken, the country is harmful and the people are poor, but who can assert that China does not have a bright future? No, never. We believe that China must have a bright future to praise. ?— — fang zhimin

The country belongs to everyone. Patriotism is a personal duty. — — Tao Xingzhi

??

If you can make a small wave and roar into the torrent of devotees to promote the development of human history, I think this is the most proud thing in your life. — — danian huang

?　　

以上材料触发了你怎样的思考和感悟？请据此写一篇文章。

要求：① 自选角度，自拟标题；② 文体不限(诗歌除外)，文体特征明显；③ 不少于800字；④ 不得抄袭，不得套作。

北京卷、天津卷和全国Ⅱ卷的作文题有异曲同工之处，都以“爱国”为核心。

今年是五四运动100周年、新中国成立70周年的重要历史节点。在电影界，“献礼新中国70华诞”也是今年的核心主题之一，即将与观众见面的《中国1949·香山之春》等电影都展现了中国电影人的家国情怀。

上海卷：中国味

倾听了不同国家的音乐，接触了不同风格的异域音调，我由此对音乐的“中国味”有了更深刻的感受，从而更有意识地去寻找“中国味”。

这段话可以启发人们如何去认识事物。请写一篇文章，谈谈你对上述材料的思考和感悟。要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800字。

这里的“中国味”小电君认为是一种民族特色。

拿墨西哥导演阿方索·卡隆来说，其惊为天人的长片处女作就十分具有墨西哥特色。

卡隆刚到好莱坞发展时，执导《小公主》《远大前程》等电影屡屡受挫，一度迷失自我。正是重新回到墨西哥，执导让他找到了自己独特的“墨西哥味”。

This kind of creation rooted in Mexico has enabled Caron to persistently explore his own historical context after his success.

Caron’s new work, regarded as a "personal letter", still focuses on the surging tide in Mexico, which won him many important awards such as Oscar for best director.

Zhejiang Volume: Writers and Works

Read the following text and write as required.

There is a view that writers should keep readers in mind when writing and listen to their voices.

Another view is that writers should stick to their own ideas and not be influenced by readers when writing.

If you are a "writer" who creates life and your life becomes a "work", how will you treat your "readers"?

Write an article according to the material and talk about your opinion.

[Note] ① Self-determination, self-selection of angles and self-drafting of topics. (2) clear style, shall not be written as poetry. ③ No less than 800 words. (4) shall not be copied, interplanting.

Changing "writer" to "director" and "work" to "film" in Zhejiang Volume also highlights the dilemma of current film creation: whether to cater to the audience or focus on self-expression.

Specific to the individual, that is, when choosing, do you listen to others’ opinions or obey your heart?

In fact, these two aspects are not completely opposite, and other people’s opinions are not necessarily unified. While accepting others’ opinions with an open mind, we must also insist on ourselves.

Take the film adapted from a real person as an example, the hero with the lowest score successfully got into a famous university.

The establishment of the goal comes from the suggestion of the cram school teacher, and in the process of hard work, there are doubts from the father and others. Shayega’s success is to strike a balance between listening to others’ opinions and sticking to himself.

Jiangsu roll: water and salt

According to the following materials, choose the angle, make your own topic, and write an article of not less than 800 words; Besides poetry, the style is optional.

Everything has its own characteristics, water is light and salt tastes good. Water with water or water, salt with salt or salt. Sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty, five flavors are harmonious, coexist and coexist, and there are many flavors. Things are like this, things are still the same, and so are people.

Among many essay questions in the college entrance examination, the topic of Jiangsu volume is very special and difficult to grasp. No wonder some netizens spit out: "Water+salt is the tears left by my writing in Jiangsu."

Xiao Dianjun believes that this problem can be described from the perspectives of letting a hundred flowers blossom, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and adapting to local conditions.

Everything and everyone has their own characteristics. In movies, it is precisely because teachers find the personalities of so-called "bad children" and "stupid children" and follow their nature that they help children grow up.

That’s all the essay questions. After reading Xiao Dianjun’s analysis, do you also want to talk about something? Welcome to leave a message!

Finally, I wish the majority of candidates a smooth exam tomorrow! Those who don’t take the exam will always keep their intellectual peak!

Henry) said in the book "American Carnival: Newspapers Besieged by New Media": "In the past, journalists came from working-class families and could teach spoiled money sisters how to make doughnuts with coffee. In the eyes of ordinary people today, journalists are all people who receive a large sum of money to make noise in cable news regularly. Host program …

Do what? How? E-commerce channels are very important.

Cross-border e-commerce is now blooming everywhere, and the rapid development in just a few years has led to the emergence of various cross-border platforms in the market, so that cross-border e-commerce that is a new thing is new every year, constantly refurbished and constantly innovated. Organize some excellent cross-border e-commerce platforms as follows:

1. ocean wharf

Type: imported C2C platform
Label: the leader of cross-border C2C e-commerce, 30,000 buyers help you buy it in buy buy.

Highlight: Ocean Terminal is the first player to enter the field of cross-border e-commerce, and has abandoned the traditional B2C model, allowing buyers all over the world to sweep goods in retail stores around the world and sell them to China consumers through Ocean Terminal. It was the first to "upgrade" purchasing to buyers, creating the concept of "buyer economy".

Similar to purchasing, the buyers on the ocean terminal are all independent individuals, each with "good" categories and brands, which makes the number and types of goods on the platform very large. Even very small, rare or even limited-edition products can be found on the platform. The buyers are supervised by the platform, and the quality of goods, delivery efficiency and service level are all constrained, forming a unique management system.

At present, the number of buyers on the ocean terminal has reached 30,000, and some of them have formed a team operation, with their own procurement, stocking, marketing system and fan base. The scale of the platform has been initially reflected.

2. Netease koala sea purchase
Type: imported self-operated e-commerce
Label: the dark horse of cross-border self-operated e-commerce, Netease’s physical attributes bring natural traffic recommendation to it.

Reason one: hardware foundation. Backed by Netease Group, Koala Haibao can invest a lot of money to build hardware facilities without the support of external capital. Up to now, the bonded storage area of Netease koala has reached the first in the industry in China, and there are bonded warehouses under construction in Ningbo. In addition, Netease koala also purchased Amazon’s warehouse management system to improve its warehouse management efficiency.

Recommended reason 2: the cost of obtaining customers is low. When you open any product of Netease, whether it’s email, games or news, you will see advertisements of Netease koala everywhere, and accidentally click on the purchase link, which makes people hard to prevent. It is reported that Netease products have contributed a very eye-catching position to recommend Netease koala, and any Netease user is a potential user of Netease koala.

Recommended reason 3: Dare to try. Netease had no experience to follow when it first set foot in cross-border import business. How to choose products, stocking strategy, storage structure, logistics construction and so on are all explored in the attempt. Its insiders once broke the example of "trying to make Japanese instant noodles bonded and stocking the results in the warehouse". It is this spirit of daring to try and explore that gives Netease koala rich experience and helps its business grow.

3.jackfruit
Type: live e-commerce
Label: Show the interior of Japanese and Korean shops and brand enterprises to users in the form of video, the pioneer of live e-commerce.

Highlight: Founded in 2015, Paramita is almost the first platform to integrate live broadcast with cross-border e-commerce, although it is very young. After that, the live broadcast of the show was on fire, and various e-commerce players also played live cards.

Different from other e-commerce companies seeking traffic conversion through live broadcast in online celebrity, the content of paramita’s live broadcast is more "dry". At first, paramita was broadcast live in retail stores on the streets of Japan and South Korea to show users the real scenes of overseas offline stores; Later, paramita entered the enterprises of Japanese brands, allowing the heads of Japanese enterprises to "sell" their products through live broadcast.

Paramita’s users are mainly young women. As soon as the live broadcast starts, they will put down their work, schoolwork and children and interact while watching the live broadcast. It often happens that goods are sold out at the end of the live broadcast.

4. Little Red Book
Type: community e-commerce
Label: Community e-commerce combining user sharing with B2C self-management

Highlight: Xiaohongshu was established in 2013, and it is the first platform to skillfully integrate interactive communities with cross-border e-commerce. There are mainly two parts on it: overseas shopping sharing community with UGC model and self-operated e-commerce "welfare society", both bonded and overseas direct mail are involved.

The users of Xiaohongshu are mostly white-collar women, and many of them are extremely addicted to Xiaohongshu. When they have nothing to do, they will go to the door for a stroll, and there are not a few users who spend 18,000 yuan on it every month. Users will spontaneously share their shopping experiences, experiences and feelings in the community, and form an online "boudoir circle", and word-of-mouth publicity has continuously expanded the user base of Xiaohongshu.

5. What is worth buying?
Type: content shopping guide personality
Label: You will know what is worth buying when you come.
Recommended reason: What is worth buying is not an e-commerce in the strict sense, but it has become a bridge between the e-commerce platform and consumers, delivering product information, usage, preferential activities and other content to users.

The core purpose of what is worth buying is not to provide the kind of shopping guide that only drives users to buy by price, but to enable users to get in touch with more and better products, which are also the most cost-effective. Its customer base is defined as "the growing middle class", which has certain consumption power and pursues quality, among which male users account for about 60%.

The Haitao section on it brings together all kinds of information of overseas e-commerce platforms, brands and cross-border e-commerce, and introduces the preferential activities of overseas goods and platforms worth buying to users. Long tail models are the main products to be transformed, and clothing, watches, toys and 3C are all involved.

6.55 Haitao
Type: official website Direct Purchase Platform
Label: shopping guide rebate, connected to thousands of overseas e-commerce platforms.

Highlight: With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, there are still many experienced Haitao users who are used to going to overseas e-commerce platforms for traditional Haitao. 55 Haitao serves these users to a certain extent, and thousands of overseas e-commerce platforms are gathered on it, which are completely synchronized with their commodity libraries. Haitao also provides many transshipment companies for users to choose from.

Different from overseas e-commerce Haitao, these overseas platforms will provide users with different degrees of rebates, and the rebate will increase during the promotion period. For those users who have no experience in Haitao, a large number of overseas e-commerce companies gathered on 55 Haitao that support Chinese services and direct mail to China are enough for them to choose for a while.

Overseas e-commerce websites are all here. How to choose and choose what depends on the ability of users. I don’t know if it doesn’t matter if I visit you. In the forum section of 55 Haitao, Haitao experts will also give advice to new users in their respective areas of expertise and share their own strategies.

7.gegejia
Type: imported snacks
Label: Cross-border e-commerce that focuses on overseas snacks, and the foodie boss eats and eats with foodie users.

Highlight: Gegejia’s goal is to become the top 10% platform for high-end food consumption in China, and bring delicious food from all over the world to China. Its founder, Li Xiao, used the word "delicious" most when evaluating his home platform. In short, it is a gathering place for eating goods.

But when eating, Gege’s family also played tricks. When the Gege family just announced that they were going to play live in online celebrity, people could not help wondering: What is the live broadcast? Do you eat live? But when you think about it carefully, it is really convincing to let a fat girl/boy recommend snacks.

8. American purchase
Type: import self-operated
Label: Small but American cross-border import platform in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.

Highlight: The United States does not buy much. At present, it only serves areas in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, but she is really small and beautiful.

American buyers mainly promote overseas goods including snacks, fruits, personal care and mothers and babies. The source of goods is directly provided by overseas brands or agents, and bonded warehousing cooperates with companies such as Shanghai Cross-border Communication, Cosco and Volkswagen Storage.

U.S. purchases are delivered by Sagawa ZJS, and the packaging boxes of each order are very beautiful, and the packages delivered to users will not be damaged, stained or deformed. In the Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas covered by American purchases, it has achieved the same day or the next day, and the logistics experience is good.

Customer service is a more important aspect of American purchase. Its co-founder Yu Ran often actively communicates with customer service staff, and also establishes his own user base to communicate with users in depth.

9. Darling
Type: import self-operated
Label: For post-80s white-collar women, buyers select overseas goods to restore the shopping scene.
Highlight: Darling represents freshness and surprise, and the selection of products and services are all around users. What goods users need, darling will expand the category accordingly; Users are most active from 7: 00 to 8: 00 in the morning, and Darling finished updating before 7: 00.

Darling insists on self-operated direct mining, and it has an international buyer team all over the world. China buyers choose the products that meet the needs of Darling users, while overseas buyers take direct purchases or negotiate with brands.

Lu Han, a popular idol, was also "bought" by Darling, and his massive fans injected a lot of traffic into Darling. In addition, Darling has also conducted cross-border cooperation with movies and matchmaking websites to further expand the territory.

10.princess and the pea
Type: Japanese import platform
Label: focus on the daily line, Japanese brands directly settle in, and have strong supply chain capabilities.

Highlight: princess and the pea has strong Japanese genes and adopts the mode of combining self-management and open platform. A large number of Japanese small and medium-sized brand resources have settled in the platform, and all products are directly mailed to China.

These Japanese brands are small in scale, but many of them are traditional enterprises and family businesses with decades of history. In order to let users in China know about their products, princess and the pea has made corresponding introduction videos for each brand or even single product, so as to let consumers in China know about these brands and understand the function, quality and concept of the products in our customary way.

While developing its own platform, princess and the pea has also reached in-depth cooperation with Taobao’s global supply and marketing platform, providing the latter with supply chain resources of Japanese goods, and providing more choices for Taobao’s individual merchants to cooperate with overseas brands through systematic channels and brand management.

11. Camellia
Type: content e-commerce
Label: WeChat official account’s articles are 100,000+,providing guidance for young women and providing transactions.
Highlight: Camellia combines the three elements of content, community and e-commerce, and continues to export good products and good content to women. Users can see what different women wear in different scenes on the camellia platform, and can buy women’s clothing products around the world with one click through its global database.
When providing a piece of content, camellia often gives users a scene and reason to buy, and thinks about what kind of products they need and under what circumstances they will buy from the user’s point of view. Camellia is not sold to users after purchasing, but the development direction of its supply chain is determined by users. Good content not only affects the user level, but also affects the supply chain behind it.

12. Bai Fumei Haitao
Type: imported C2C
Label: "Didi" in Haitao, buyers and sellers are overseas, and purchasing should be regularized.

Highlight: BFME was established in Hong Kong in 2015. Its buyers are all Chinese living abroad, who know what local people buy and where to buy them. This is more accurate and flexible than an e-commerce platform’s overseas direct purchasing, and it also buys goods commonly used by local people, instead of just selling them to Chinese’s "China for exclusive use".

Bai Fumei’s main battlefield is overseas, and buyers are often overseas Chinese. It has also deployed a large number of pushers in overseas stores and retail stores, transforming shopping tourists into platform users, so that they will still place orders on the platform after returning home.

Compared with other e-commerce platforms, Bai Fumei is more like a service-oriented platform. Its direction is to move the traditional Haitao purchasing industry from offline to a "sunny" online platform, and aggregate scattered and fragmented purchasing behaviors to provide them with services and support.

13. Baby check
Type: import self-operated
Label: Cross-border e-commerce for mothers and children who buy goods by overseas direct mail has been listed on the New Third Board.

Highlight: Baby Grid was established in 2012, and it is a cross-border e-commerce between mother and baby with overseas direct mail and global sale as the main mode. In December 2015, Baby Grid was listed on the New Third Board, becoming the first mother-infant cross-border e-commerce enterprise in China to land in the capital market. Its maternal and child strategy is to establish cooperative relations with lower-level distributors, gradually expand brand authorization, and open up the whole industrial chain of maternal and child industry with multi-brand strategy.

Baby Grid has layout in bonded warehouses and overseas warehouses. By accurately predicting sales data, we can stock up in advance, rationally allocate bonded warehouses and overseas warehouses, and optimize logistics and transportation processes to shorten the time for overseas direct mail.

In June 2016, Baby Grid also reached a cooperation with China Quality Certification Center to conduct supply chain evaluation and security traceability on platform products, so as to enhance consumers’ trust in the platform.

14. Peach pie
Type: overseas direct mail
Label: Track the explosion list in Japan and guide consumption with the mode of local list.

Highlight: I mentioned "buyer economy" before, and I will talk about "list economy" this time.

Founded in 2015, Yangtao School has an exclusive list of Japanese local products, calling on users to make purchase decisions with reference to objective sales data. Its data comes from GENEPA Co., Ltd., a famous Japanese e-commerce big data analysis company, and the list is updated every week.

At present, the Peach Blossom School has a Top10 list of more than 100 kinds of short stories in six categories: beauty, mother and baby, health care products, kitchen and bathroom, daily necessities and food. Each product has a Chinese description written by the editorial team and celebrities, and the latest comments of Japanese buyers on the products are presented simultaneously.

After the user places an order, the Peach Blossom Party will provide the back-end "one-click purchase" service. The three platforms of Amazon, Lotte and Yahoo are its main "virtual warehouses", and the prices are synchronized with these platforms.

15. Cross-border fairs
Type: Import B2B
Label: Sourcing platform, which moves the behavior of finding and selling goods in QQ WeChat group to the platform. Recommended reason: no stocking, no trading, only matching.

On the platform of the cross-border market, various sources of goods such as mother and baby, food, beauty cosmetics and health products are gathered, and suppliers of different sizes and prices can display their products on it, and buyers can choose them. This model solves three problems: first, to make the price of the industry more transparent, so that buyers can understand the market through price comparison; Second, the supply chain is shortened, and people who earn the difference by dumping goods at different levels will be eliminated; Third, help small and medium-sized B-terminals with small volume to connect with high-quality suppliers.

In order to attract suppliers, the cross-border bazaar adopted the "sea of people tactics", throwing the goods on the platform into QQ group and WeChat group to attract buyers to purchase on the platform. At the same time, suppliers were forced to enter, and the platform gradually grew.

16. Zhongxing Haisi Road
Type: personality of import service provider

Label: Transform Taiwan Province’s surplus international transport capacity into Fujian port for offshore bonded.

Highlight: Doing bonded import logistics in mature pilot cities has become the mainstream idea of major cross-border import service providers. However, Zhongxing Haisi Road, relying on two ports in Fujian, which are not mature in system construction and other cities, embarked on the road of importing service providers.

In doing this, Zhongxing Haisi Road takes a fancy to Fujian’s location advantage: relying on the only three-hour shipping passage between Pingtan and Taiwan Province, Haisi Road hopes to turn Taiwan Province into another Hong Kong in the cross-border e-commerce field!

　　Cctv newsThe Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the Civil Aviation Administration of China jointly issued the Outline for the Development of Green Aviation Manufacturing Industry (2023— 2035), proposedBy 2025,The performance of domestic civil aircraft in energy saving, emission reduction and noise reduction has been further improved, the level of aviation green manufacturing has been comprehensively improved, the development of green aviation industry has achieved phased results, and a safe and effective guarantee system has been basically established. Domestic civil aircraft using sustainable aviation fuel have achieved demonstration application, electric navigable aircraft have been put into commercial application, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) have achieved pilot operation, key technologies of hydrogen energy aircraft have been verified, and green aviation infrastructure has been continuously consolidated, forming a number of public service platforms for standards, specifications and technologies, effectively supporting the construction of green aviation production system and operation system.By 2035,A green aviation manufacturing system with integrity, advancement and safety will be built, and new energy aircraft will become the mainstream of development. The safety, environmental protection, economy and comfort of domestic large civil aircraft will reach the world-class level, and the new general aviation equipment with unmanned, electric and intelligent technical characteristics will be commercialized and applied on a large scale.

Outline of development of green aviation manufacturing industry

（2023— 2035)

　　Developing green aviation manufacturing industry is an inevitable requirement to cope with climate change and realize the sustainable development of aviation industry, an important direction of the new round of aviation science and technology revolution and industrial transformation, and an important strategic measure to enhance the future competitiveness of aviation manufacturing industry. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a decision to promote new industrialization and the development of high-end, intelligent and green manufacturing. In order to implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, seize the opportunity of aviation power reform, and accelerate the cultivation of new aviation industry formats, this outline is formulated.

　　One,Development background

　　(A) High-quality development puts forward new requirements for green aviation manufacturing.

　　High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and new and higher requirements are put forward for the development of aviation manufacturing industry in the new era.One isGreen development is the inevitable requirement to realize the sustainable development of aviation industry and the core key to enhance the future competitiveness of aviation manufacturing industry. The major developed countries in the world attach great importance to the development of green aviation and seize the new field and new track of aviation power reform.The second isThe development of green aviation manufacturing industry has opened up new technical paths, product forms and application scenarios, and it is urgent to speed up the construction of a high-level aviation science and technology innovation system that meets the requirements of green development.The third isThe existing aviation technical standard system, airworthiness management system and operation service system need to be updated and upgraded urgently to meet the development needs of green aviation manufacturing industry.

　　(B) China’s green aviation manufacturing industry faces major strategic opportunities.

　　Vigorously promoting the construction of manufacturing power, transportation power and aviation power has provided a rare historical opportunity for China’s aviation manufacturing industry to open up a new green aviation track.One isChina’s air transport, logistics and distribution, urban air transport, aviation emergency rescue and other fields have huge potential markets.The second isChina’s electric vehicles, rail transit and other new energy equipment fields have accumulated technological advantages and formed an advanced industrial base, which provides an opportunity for the green development of aviation manufacturing.The third isA new round of scientific and technological revolution promotes the accelerated integration of new energy, new materials, new generation information technology and aviation science and technology, and related technologies such as batteries, motors, sensors and flight control systems continue to break through, and new modes such as shared travel and smart cities continue to develop, which brings great opportunities for the green and intelligent transformation of aviation manufacturing industry.

　　(C) China’s green aviation manufacturing industry has a good foundation.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership and great attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, all departments have strengthened top-level planning, coordinated the central and local governments to speed up the layout, deployed new technologies and products of green aviation ahead of schedule, promoted the industrialization process, and accelerated the development of green aviation manufacturing industry, and achieved positive results. Green, efficient, safe and low-noise aircraft design, manufacturing and verification technologies are continuously updated and iterated; The development level of light and small fixed-wing electric aircraft and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles ranks in the forefront of the world; Electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), flying cars and other products are rapidly emerging, and some areas have formed industrial advantages.

　　Generally speaking, in the coming period, the development of China’s green aviation manufacturing industry will face both important strategic opportunities and many new challenges. We must base ourselves on the present and focus on the long-term, systematically plan and make overall plans to open up a new situation of high-quality development of green aviation manufacturing industry.

　　Second,General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the ecological civilization thought of the Supreme Leader, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept based on the new stage of development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, closely follow the goal of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, take the high-quality development of aviation industry as the theme, and take technological change, power change and operation system change as the main line. Coordinate and promote the construction of innovation system, industrial system, demonstration application system and service guarantee system of green aviation manufacturing industry, cultivate new formats of green development of aviation industry, create new kinetic energy of green development of aviation manufacturing industry, and provide strong support for the construction of manufacturing power and aviation power.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Market-led, government-guided.Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, highlight the dominant position of enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, and actively explore the commercialization path of new energy aircraft. Give full play to the role of the government, strengthen top-level guidance, strengthen industry management and services, optimize industrial layout, guide the development of industrial norms, and promote the formation of a unified, competitive and orderly market environment.

　　Leading by innovation, integrated development.Adhere to innovation-driven development, accurately grasp the development direction of green aviation innovation, focus on frontier areas, strengthen the exploration and verification of new technologies and models, establish and improve a coordinated and efficient innovation system and industrial chain supply chain, and continuously enhance industrial competitiveness and innovation. Promote the integration of digitalization, intelligence and greening, strengthen the integration and development of upstream and downstream industrial chains, large, medium and small enterprises, strengthen cooperation at home and abroad, build advanced manufacturing clusters, and form a new pattern of gathering intelligence to tackle key problems.

　　Overall layout and systematic promotion.Adhere to the system concept, overall planning and strategic layout, and coordinate the current and long-term, macro and micro development of green aviation. We will organically combine the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening structural reform on the supply side, systematically promote the transformation and upgrading of aviation manufacturing industry, product supply, industrial development and service support, and realize the unity of quality, structure, scale, efficiency and safety of green aviation manufacturing industry.

　　(3) Development goals

　　By 2025,The performance of domestic civil aircraft in energy saving, emission reduction and noise reduction has been further improved, the level of aviation green manufacturing has been comprehensively improved, the development of green aviation industry has achieved phased results, and a safe and effective guarantee system has been basically established. Domestic civil aircraft using sustainable aviation fuel have achieved demonstration application, electric navigable aircraft have been put into commercial application, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) have achieved pilot operation, key technologies of hydrogen energy aircraft have been verified, and green aviation infrastructure has been continuously consolidated, forming a number of public service platforms for standards, specifications and technologies, effectively supporting the construction of green aviation production system and operation system.

　　By 2035,A green aviation manufacturing system with integrity, advancement and safety will be built, and new energy aircraft will become the mainstream of development. The safety, environmental protection, economy and comfort of domestic large civil aircraft will reach the world-class level, and the new general aviation equipment with unmanned, electric and intelligent technical characteristics will be commercialized and applied on a large scale.

　　Third,Development path

　　Adhere to multi-technology routes and actively explore new fields and new tracks of green aviation. According to the maturity of technology, we will steadily push forward technical research. During the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period, small aircraft will focus on electric power, and medium and large aircraft such as trunk lines will adhere to the coexistence of new aerodynamic layout, sustainable aviation fuel and hybrid power. At the same time, we will actively explore technical routes such as hydrogen energy and liquefied natural gas (LNG) to lay out future industries.

　　(A) "Green+"to promote the upgrading of the civil aircraft industry

　　Promote the optimization and improvement of existing domestic civil aircraft, realize the weight reduction, drag reduction, noise reduction and lift increase of domestic general-purpose aircraft, helicopters and trunk and regional aircraft through various means, improve the multi-power level, and continuously improve the economy and environmental friendliness of domestic civil aircraft. Accelerate the construction of aviation green manufacturing system, promote the green and intelligent upgrading of production processes and processes of civil aircraft enterprises, develop aviation remanufacturing mode, improve the life cycle management of green aviation technology/path, promote the assessment of carbon footprint of the whole industry chain, and reduce energy resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. Strengthen the application verification of sustainable aviation fuel in domestic civil aircraft and engines.

　　(2) Open up a new field of electric aviation.

　　Facing the application scenarios of urban air transport, emergency rescue, logistics and transportation, we will accelerate the application of innovative products such as eVTOL, light and small fixed-wing electric aircraft, new energy drones, and form the supply capacity, operational support capacity and industrialization development capacity of electric aircraft oriented by typical scenarios, and create a new economic growth pole. Encourage the demonstration operation of green aviation, and promote the commercial operation of light and small fixed-wing electric aircraft and eVTOL. Accelerate the integration of eVTOL into the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, establish a unified management platform for open space Zhilian, build a low-altitude Zhilian network, and initially form a safe, convenient, green and economical urban air transportation system. According to the demand of market application scenarios, combined with the development of pure electric propulsion technology and turbine hybrid electric propulsion technology, the pre-research of new energy commercial aircraft was carried out from small to large.

　　(3) Layout of new tracks such as Hydrogen Energy Aviation.

　　Actively deploy the research and development of key technologies of hydrogen energy aviation, speed up the research of core key technologies such as hydrogen storage devices and power devices, and carry out research on new structural layout technologies suitable for hydrogen energy aircraft. Promote the theoretical research and technical verification of hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen internal combustion engine, hydrogen turbine and hydrogen turbine hybrid aircraft, and open up the technical application mode of collaborative innovation with the upstream and downstream of hydrogen energy industry. Focusing on the future development trend of hydrogen energy aviation, explore a new mode of commercial hydrogen energy aircraft operation system. Actively explore the application methods and paths of LNG and other energy sources in the aviation field.

　　Fourth,primary mission

　　(A) to build a collaborative and efficient green technology innovation system

　　1. Strengthen key core technologies of green aviation.We will continue to promote technological upgrading in the fields of general, pneumatic, structural, engine, airborne, materials and manufacturing processes, accelerate the development of hybrid propulsion systems, and continuously improve the level of energy conservation, emission reduction and noise reduction of trunk and regional aircraft and general-purpose aircraft. Accelerate the development of aviation power battery technology with high energy density, high discharge efficiency and high safety, as well as aviation electric propulsion technology with high reliability, high power-to-weight ratio and high efficiency. Strengthen the research on high-efficiency gas turbine-electric energy fusion technology. Guide superior enterprises and research institutions to continuously break through intelligent, high-reliability, lightweight and low-cost energy control and flight control technologies, and carry out technical research on the overall design of new energy aircraft, energy system design, and all-motor-borne system. We will continue to explore key technologies of hydrogen-powered aircraft such as hydrogen fuel storage technology, hydrogen fuel cell technology, hydrogen internal combustion, hydrogen turbine engine technology, hydrogen turbine hybrid electric propulsion technology, and energy integrated management technology. Facing the strategic needs of national green aviation development, we should speed up the basic research of layout and application, and solve the source and underlying technical problems that restrict the development of green aviation.

　　2. Establish and improve the collaborative innovation mechanism.Strengthen the dominant position of green aviation enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote the gathering of various innovation elements to enterprises, support enterprises to enhance their innovation capabilities, and fully stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises. Promote the deep integration of innovation chain and the industrial chain, build a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market orientation and deep integration of Industry-University-Research, establish a commercial green aviation industry technological innovation center and innovation consortium, create a new energy storage manufacturing innovation center, and accelerate the development of key common technologies of green aviation and new energy aircraft products. Strengthen cross-border integration between industries, rely on the common technologies and industrial bases of new energy vehicles, ships, rail transit and other industries, promote the development of green aviation, and build a mutually beneficial and synergistic relationship. Actively promote the cooperation between manufacturing and operation, and accelerate the promotion of green and low-carbon technologies.

　　3. Strengthen the training of professional talents.For sustainable aviation fuel, electric aircraft, hydrogen energy aircraft and other fields, colleges and universities are encouraged to strengthen the construction of knowledge maps in green aviation-related fields and promote the construction of teaching resources and demonstration courses. Encourage industry enterprises to actively cooperate with universities, speed up the training of interdisciplinary and compound talents of green aviation technology, and form a gradient and multi-level ecological structure of talent training to support collaborative innovation.

　　(B) Building an open and integrated green aviation industry system

　　4. Develop aviation green manufacturing.Vigorously promote green design technology, develop green surface treatment, clean processing and low energy consumption technology, and build a green manufacturing technology system for environment, energy and materials. Promote the integration of aviation manufacturing technology with next-generation information technologies such as industrial Internet, big data, 5G and general artificial intelligence, improve the management level of energy, resources and environment, and build a number of green intelligent manufacturing factories. Develop recycling methods of metals, composite materials, power batteries, etc., and promote the formation of a new format of scrapping, dismantling and recycling of aviation equipment.

　　5. Build a green aviation industry chain.Give full play to the role of host enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of green aviation, and strengthen the gradient cultivation of high-quality enterprises. Give full play to the advantages of host enterprises in technology, standards, capital and talents and the supporting role of small and medium-sized enterprises in industrial innovation and strong chain stability, focus on electric aircraft, accelerate the formation of safe and efficient modern industrial chains such as motors, batteries, flight control and materials, and continuously improve the toughness and safety level of the industrial chain. Promote the integration of manufacturing and operation of host enterprises, and explore a safe, efficient and economical business operation model.

　　6. Deepen international cooperation in green aviation.Strengthen policy communication, technical exchange, project (technical) cooperation and personnel training in the field of green aviation development, encourage research institutions, universities and enterprises to actively participate in the formulation of relevant international standards and rules, and build an international technical innovation cooperation platform for green aviation. Encourage enterprises to face the development of green aviation, actively "bring in" and "go out", integrate into the supply chain system of international green aviation industry chain, and explore the international green aviation market.

　　(C) building a market-oriented green demonstration application system

　　7. Promote the pilot demonstration of regional application of new energy aircraft.Relying on advantageous areas, we will build a demonstration zone for green upgrading of domestic aviation equipment. Encourage all regions to carry out pilot demonstration applications of electric navigable aircraft and eVTOL in combination with the foundation and demand of regional economic development, and explore new modes of technology and equipment system, application scenarios and commercial operation. Encourage areas with basic conditions to lay out green aviation key technologies, product schemes, safety verification and other test bases.

　　8. Carry out the pilot application of sustainable aviation fuel on domestic civil aircraft.Based on the mature application of sustainable aviation fuel, the pilot verification of different blending ratios was carried out on domestic civil aircraft. Actively carry out the construction of standards, systems and norms for the use of sustainable aviation fuel in domestic civil aircraft.

　　(D) Building a safe and effective service guarantee system

　　9. Build a green aviation industry regulations and standards system.Adhere to the standards and regulations first, standards and regulations lead, and accelerate the development of standards in the fields of sustainable aviation fuel, green manufacturing, aircraft dismantling, etc., and promote the industrialization of key technologies according to the relevant standards system of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in the industrial field. Focusing on the safety, technical performance and market operation of new energy aircraft products, we will speed up the formulation of industry standards and vigorously develop group standards. Carry out preliminary demonstration of hydrogen energy related standards, and study and establish a hydrogen energy aviation standard system. Promote the construction of green aviation measurement system, strengthen the research on measurement standards related to green aviation, and promote the improvement of measurement standards and breakthroughs in measurement technology in key areas.

　　10. Build a green aviation airworthiness certification system.Improve the airworthiness certification method of sustainable aviation fuel and actively promote the airworthiness certification of alternative fuels. Strengthen the cooperation between the industrial side and the airworthiness certification party, and accelerate the establishment of the airworthiness certification system and the sustainable airworthiness system for new energy aircraft. Strengthen the initial airworthiness certification of electric aircraft in the fields of flight performance, structural strength, airborne support, etc., and accelerate the airworthiness certification of new energy aircraft that is urgently needed by the market. Carry out preliminary research on airworthiness certification technology of hydrogen energy aviation to accelerate the development of hydrogen energy aviation.

　　11. Establish a green aviation safety supervision system.By using technologies such as 5G, Beidou, LEO satellite Internet and ADS-B, we will develop satellite-based communication, navigation and monitoring applications, strengthen the research and verification of the integrated operation of manned aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles, promote the digitalization and intelligence of green aviation service supervision, and build a low-altitude Internet of Things with interconnected facilities and information. Strengthen the market supervision of new energy aircraft, establish and improve the design quality assurance system of new energy aircraft, and study and demonstrate the safety management policies of new energy aircraft. Promote the establishment of third-party technical testing and inspection institutions.

　　12. Promote the construction of a new supporting system for ground infrastructure.According to the existing infrastructure conditions and economic affordability in various places, we will study and demonstrate urban air transport, logistics distribution and other facilities networks, and promote their inclusion in the layout planning of urban transportation infrastructure. Coordinate the technical development of new energy trunk and regional aircraft and the adaptability of existing airport facilities. Study and build a multi-scene and multi-level landing point network, which has the functions of ensuring the take-off and landing, parking and charging of eVTOL and other aircraft.

　　Five,Organize implementation

　　(1) Strengthen the implementation of the outline.

　　Strengthen the organization and promotion of the development of green aviation manufacturing industry, and strengthen resource planning and policy coordination. Strengthen departmental coordination and linkage between central and local governments, and actively promote relevant departments to implement measures in detail. Relevant regions can study and formulate implementation guidelines and action plans for the development of local green aviation manufacturing industry according to the outline deployment and local actual conditions, and formulate detailed support policies and supporting measures.

　　(2) Strengthen policy support.

　　Give play to the role of government procurement and promote relevant departments and local governments to actively purchase and use green aviation equipment. Support the popularization and application of green aviation equipment through the first (set) of major technical equipment insurance compensation. Give full play to the role of national industrial integration as a platform and encourage enterprises to make good use of financial support policies such as green funds, green bonds, green credit and green insurance. Encourage enterprises to make full use of market-oriented investment and financing channels. Promote social capital to actively participate in the development and operation of green aviation equipment by means of financial leasing and equity investment.

　　(3) Strengthen publicity and guidance

　　Support industry associations, industry alliances, professional organizations, etc. to vigorously promote and promote green aviation through scientific and technological innovation activities and aviation culture science popularization, so as to improve the recognition and acceptance of green aviation by the whole society. Support the holding of international professional exhibitions and forums in the field of green aviation, promote industry exchanges and information sharing, and create a good atmosphere for the development of green aviation manufacturing. Strengthen forward-looking and strategic research and decision-making consultation on major issues, and guide the formation of a consensus on industrial development.

　　(4) Strengthen safe development.

　　Adhere to safety first, carry out publicity and education on new energy aviation safety, and enhance the safety awareness of enterprises and related employees. Guide enterprises to establish and improve the quality management system of new energy aircraft, implement the safety management responsibility system, and ensure the reliable quality and safe operation of new energy aircraft.

CCTV News:Aircraft carrier, the country’s heavy weapon. Approved by the Central Military Commission, the first domestic aircraft carrier was named "Shandong Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy" with the ship number "17". Since then, China Navy has entered the era of dual carriers.

China’s first domestic aircraft carrier, Shandong Ship, was delivered to the Navy at a military port in Sanya, Hainan on the afternoon of 17th. With the approval of the Central Military Commission, the first domestic aircraft carrier was named "Shandong Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy" with the ship number "17".

When asked about the main reason why the second aircraft carrier was officially named Shandong Ship, Cheng Dewei, a spokesman for the Navy, said that the Regulations on Naming Naval Ships clearly stated that cruisers and ships of amphibious assault ship and above were named after administrative provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. According to this regulation, the second aircraft carrier in China was named "Shandong Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy", taking into account various factors such as the willingness of provinces and municipalities to apply. In addition, according to the naming convention of ships, in order to keep the carrier’s ship number connected orderly and neatly, the Shandong ship’s ship number was postponed to "17" on the basis of Liaoning ship.

All the components of the first domestic aircraft carrier were made in China.

In view of "what progress and improvement has Shandong ship made in technical performance compared with Liaoning ship?" Cheng Dewei said that Shandong Ship is based on domestic independent design and construction, focusing on solving problems such as overall design of aircraft carrier, hull construction and localization of main power equipment, and improving comprehensive operational efficiency and comprehensive support level.

China’s second aircraft carrier, Shandong Ship, started construction in 2013. In 2016, the officers and men who received the aircraft carrier began to station in the aircraft carrier. On April 26, 2017, the ship was launched in Dalian Shipyard, and on May 13, 2018, it went to sea for the first time. It is reported that tens of millions of components of China’s first domestic aircraft carrier are all made in China, which has achieved completely independent design, independent construction and independent matching.

Shandong Ship Delivered to China Navy to Enter the Double Carrier Era.　

　

Aircraft carrier, the country’s heavy weapon. On September 25th, 2012, China’s first aircraft carrier completed its construction and trial voyage as planned, and was officially delivered to the navy. It was named "Liaoning Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy" with the ship number "16". From this day on, China has its own aircraft carrier. Only two months later, on November 23, 2012, the pilot Dai Mingmeng successfully landed the aircraft carrier Liaoning with the domestic J -15 carrier aircraft, which broke through the key flight technologies such as take-off and blocking the landing, and attracted worldwide attention.

Since then, from the offshore to the far sea, from single ship to formation, Liaoning ship has been maneuvering across the sea for many times and completed hundreds of scientific research experiments and training tasks.

On December 15, 2016, the actual use of weapons by the Liaoning ship formation, the J -15 carrier-based fighter and the Liaoning ship launched more than ten missiles of various types, and accurately hit the target.

Just 10 days after the actual use of weapons exercises, the Liaoning carrier formation entered the western Pacific through the Miyako Strait, breaking through the first island chain for the first time to carry out cross-regional offshore training. Under the harsh sea conditions and climate conditions, several batches of J -15 carrier-based fighters took off from the flight deck of Liaoning ship, and carried out a number of training tasks such as refueling and air confrontation in the air. After completing the training tasks, they stopped the ship in Liaoning ship and tempered the integration ability of aircraft carriers.

On April 12, 2018, after participating in the maritime military parade held by the Central Military Commission in the South China Sea, the Liaoning ship immediately went to the training ground from the parade ground. Liaoning carrier formation has intensively carried out multi-course training in the South China Sea and the Western Pacific Ocean, and the systematic training of carrier formation has gradually normalized.

Lu Qiangqiang, Deputy Captain of Liaoning Navy:From the beginning, we put forward that Liaoning ship is a training ship for test ships, and now it has gradually formed its combat capability. I think this is what all officers and men expect to see, and it is also what Chinese people want to see. Then it should be said that through the improvement of our equipment and the improvement of training level in recent years, we have become more and more confident. Our Liaoning ship is changing from a training ship and a test ship to a fighting ship, and I believe this process should be faster and faster.

　　Heavy and exclusive! The major adjustment of passport policy for overseas China citizens will be officially implemented in January next year.

　　According to the exclusive news that CCTV reporters learned from the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in order to better meet the needs of overseas China citizens to apply for passports, the passport policy for overseas China citizens will be greatly adjusted. After the adjustment, the scope of acceptance of overseas China citizens’ passport applications will be further expanded, the requirements of application materials will be further relaxed, and it will be more convenient for minors to apply for permits. Relevant policy adjustments will be officially implemented on January 1, 2019. This is the biggest adjustment of overseas China citizens’ passport policy so far, which has benefited the most diverse people, and it is also an important practice of overseas passport administration according to law.

　　(A) to expand the scope of acceptance of passport applications.

　　Before the adjustment, China citizens who already had passports must, in principle, stay abroad for a long time if they apply for new passports abroad.

　　After the adjustment, overseas China citizens will no longer be required to settle abroad when they renew their passports. This means that, except in cases where laws and regulations clearly prohibit the issuance, such as China citizens who have gone abroad for a short period of time, they can get a new passport if the passport is about to expire and the visa page is about to run out.

　　(2) Relaxing the requirements of application materials.

　　The declaration system of passport applicant’s nationality status was introduced, which relaxed the requirements of application materials and ensured that the applicant did not go to a third-party institution to issue a certificate.

　　Before the adjustment, when people apply for passports from foreign embassies and consulates, they must provide local valid residence certificates or visas, and sometimes they need to go to local third-party institutions to issue materials to prove their nationality status.

　　After the adjustment, the system of declaration of nationality status was introduced with reference to the international practice, that is, the passport applicant made a declaration on his nationality status, and was responsible for the contents of the declaration and assumed legal responsibility.

　　It will be easier to prepare materials. In addition to the local valid residence certificate or visa, you can also choose to provide any one of local medical cards, social security cards, bank statements, water and electricity bills, etc. to prove that the applicant does not really belong to the situation that you cannot apply for a passport abroad. You can use whatever materials you have at hand, and you don’t need to go to a third institution to issue a certificate.

　　(three) minors to make two adjustments.

　　(1) Minors only need a legal guardian to be present and agree.

　　According to the relevant laws and regulations of our country, when minors apply for passports, legal guardians must be present to agree. Before the adjustment, we require both parents to be present at the same time. However, with the development of the times, the mobility of personnel has increased and the pace of work has accelerated, making it increasingly difficult for both parents to be present at the same time. For example, it is really difficult for both parents to be present at the same time when the mother is taking her children to school abroad and the father is at home.

　　After the adjustment, minors only need one legal guardian (father/mother/other legal guardian) to apply for passports and travel permits from foreign embassies and consulates and give their consent. Passport is a necessary travel document for every China citizen abroad. Through the above adjustments, it will be more convenient for minors to apply for passports abroad.

　　(2) unify the materials for minors to apply for travel permits.

　　Before the adjustment, due to the great diversity of countries, embassies and consulates abroad required different materials when accepting applications for minor travel permits. This may confuse some applicants. There are also so-called "strategies" for handling travel permits in different embassies and consulates on the Internet. Some of these strategies are well-intentioned, but a few people take advantage of them, and even defraud "intermediary fees" through false propaganda, which harms the interests of applicants.

　　After the adjustment, foreign embassies and consulates will implement a "global communication"-a global unified material standard for minors to apply for travel permits. Except for the first application, it should be handled in the embassy or consulate of China in the country of birth, others can apply to any foreign embassy or consulate in China or the embassy or consulate in Hong Kong or Macao. If there are no special circumstances, all libraries can issue certificates within 4 working days after accepting it.

　　(D) the background of policy adjustment

　　In the past, China citizens abroad were mainly overseas Chinese, that is, Chinese, who had lived abroad for a long time or even settled down. The passport work of our embassies and consulates abroad mainly served overseas Chinese. However, since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, the exchanges between Chinese and foreign personnel have become increasingly frequent, and the "gold content" of China passports has become more and more sufficient. In addition to overseas Chinese, more and more compatriots have gone abroad for business, study abroad, visit relatives, visit, etc. Although they have not settled abroad, they still need to stay abroad for a long time. Passport services of China’s embassies and consulates abroad must also keep pace with the times, so as to better serve the people and let the achievements of the national "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform go abroad and benefit overseas compatriots.

　　In addition, the Online Booking System for Overseas China Citizens’ Passports, which was launched in 2016, has been upgraded recently, adding new functions such as "Inquiring about the progress of passport processing" and "Collecting consular service evaluation".

　　(1) Adding the function of "Inquiring about the progress of passport processing", the applicant can obtain the real-time processing progress in the reservation system, and the system can also automatically send the processing progress to the applicant’s registered e-mail. By optimizing the process, the time of obtaining evidence has been greatly shortened-from the previous 15 working days to the fastest week or so.

　　(2) The function of "collecting consular service evaluation" is added. After obtaining the certificate, the applicant can evaluate the window service, business handling and accreditation environment of the embassy and consulate online and leave a message to make suggestions. Your comments can provide an important reference for us to identify the links that need to be improved in the service under the background of "internet plus" and combined with big data analysis, and make clear the direction for the next improvement work.

　　("Online Booking System for Overseas China Citizens’ Passports" website: https://ppt.mfa.gov.cn)

　　(CCTV reporter Zhang Lin Huang Huixin)

(Text/Editor Pan Yuchen/Zhang Guangkai) About 20 years ago, the ill-fated British national brand Rover moved around the world and finally settled in China: it became the first international brand of China automobile industry under the name of Roewe.

After the circulation of classic models such as Roewe 550 and Roewe RX5, Roewe has made its own sound in China’s own brands, but it is always one step away from touching the real industry head …

As the initiator of the concept of "new four modernizations", in recent years, SAIC has also faced the impact of a wave that has not changed for a hundred years. Roewe, backed by SAIC, has once again faced the key node of "elephant turning around" after crossing the ocean for more than ten years.

In 2006, the nascent Roewe brand

With the debut of "D Family" and the first model D7 at this year’s Chengdu Auto Show, the brand history of SAIC Roewe has finally opened a new chapter.

On November 8th, Roewe’s first medium-sized and large-sized car D7 was officially launched, and a total of six models were launched in plug-in hybrid DMH and pure electric EV. The price range of DMH version was 125,800-145,800 yuan, and the price range of EV version was 149,800-176,800 yuan.

At the same time, SAIC Roewe provides a series of preferential policies for car booking users, including the deposit of EV models in 1000 yuan to 7,000 yuan and the deposit of DMH models in 1000 yuan to 5,000 yuan; The price range of rights and interests of DMH version is reduced to 121,800-141,800 yuan, and the price range of rights and interests of EV version is 143,800-170,800 yuan.

In addition, Roewe D7 related benefits include: replacement subsidy of up to 5,000 yuan; 2,500 yuan for EV models to increase purchase subsidies; 24 installments with 0 interest; 6-year or 150,000-kilometer vehicle warranty for the first non-operating vehicle owner (lifetime warranty for three power systems); Free charging pile and installation service for the first non-operating owner; 3 years of free traffic in all fields.

The soul of two cars

Roewe D7 is positioned as a family car, but the overall design style also combines the aesthetic hobbies of young consumers. Its brand-new inductive design language is adopted, and the front face design with different styles is also applied according to different models.

Among them, the front face of the plug-in hybrid version of D7 DMH uses lightning integrated headlights, and the air intake grille adopts extended design elements to expand the visual effect of the whole vehicle; The pure electric version of D7 EV uses a closed front face and split headlights, which are slim in shape and simple in overall vision without losing the sense of technology.

Roewe D7 DHM

Viewed from the side of the car body, Roewe D7 forms a sporty but unobtrusive slip-back shape, the waistline adds a little muscle to the new car, and a hidden door handle is integrated. The specifications of the two lower five low-drag rims are unified as 225/50 R18.

Roewe D7 rear styling is more rounded, and the upper edge of the trunk is duck-tailed, which further increases the sense of movement. The taillights with inductive wings are slender and extend to both sides like wings.

Roewe D7 EV

In terms of body size, the Roewe D7 has a length, width and height of 4890/1890(1872)/1510mm and a wheelbase of 2810mm, which is slightly smaller than the standard B-class cars such as BYD Seal DM-i and Deep Blue SL03, but larger than the A+ class cars such as Geely Yinhe L6.

The car cockpit has been regarded as "the third living space" by some young users nowadays. Entering the interior, Roewe D7 is equipped with Yunsu intelligent cockpit, while emphasizing comfort and intelligence. The center console adopts the embracing horizon design theme, with straight lines and double color matching design, and the whole system comes standard with a 12.3-inch central control panel and a full LCD instrument panel, which significantly enhances the sense of fashion and technology of the vehicle;

In terms of comfort, Roewe D7′ s front zero-gravity cloud somatosensory seat adopts advanced suede and perforated seam design, 9 layers of materials, including high-thickness soft foam, adopts ergonomic U-shaped embracing design, and the inclination angle of the rear backrest reaches 118 to improve driving comfort. In addition, the Roewe D7 comes standard with the front seat reclining function to create a multi-scene switching interior space.

Thanks to the wheelbase of 2810mm, the rear legroom of Roewe D7 reaches 933mm and the knee space reaches 116mm.

Zero gravity cloud somatosensory seat

In addition, as a car, the trunk volume of Roewe D7 reaches 450L, which can accommodate four suitcases. The EV version is also equipped with a front reserve box with a volume of 101L L..

In terms of configuration, Roewe D7 comes standard with electric adjustment of main driver’s seat, front and rear central armrests, rear cup holder, automatic air conditioner, USB/Type-C interface, main and auxiliary airbags, front side airbags, keyless start/entry, and fixed-speed cruise;

Except for the minimum DMH 125km Beyond Edition, all other models are equipped with 10 speakers, indoor ambient lights, 360-degree panoramic images, transparent chassis, and front and rear air curtains;

At the same time, the three flagship models are also equipped with advanced configurations such as front seat heating, seat memory and main driving seat ventilation, and integrated with L2-class assisted driving system, including full-speed adaptive cruise and lane centering.

Car-machine interconnection has become an indispensable part of attracting young consumers. Roewe D7 is equipped with a brand-new zebra intelligent driving machine system, which supports dynamic wallpaper, "poached egg" battery life display (intuitive display of accessible range), seamless flow of handcart navigation, one-button synchronization of WeChat address, and also supports functions such as diverse voice reply, multi-meaning in one word (10 instructions are executed while speaking in one sentence), flashing assistant car memo, automatic planning of long-distance charging, etc. Navigation adopts the brand-new high-tech 650 engine, which can provide dynamic information display.

The power system is the core of the car. The Roewe D7 is equipped with two different power systems-the "soul" from SAIC:

The plug-in hybrid version of Roewe D7 DMH is equipped with a hybrid system consisting of a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine and a front permanent magnet synchronous motor. Relying on the electromechanical integration architecture of SAIC Everest, it adopts P1+P3+ one-gear direct drive arrangement, which can realize five driving modes.

Among them, the thermal efficiency of the 1.5L hybrid engine is more than 43%, the maximum power is 82kW, the maximum torque is 135Nm, the total power of the matched motor is 150kW, the total torque is 330Nm, and the 0-100km/h acceleration time is 7.9s. The lithium iron phosphate battery used for energy supply comes from SAIC Jiexin with a capacity of 21.4kWh. The fuel consumption of this system is 4.3L/100km, the cruising range of CLTC is 125km, and the comprehensive cruising range is 1400km, and it can charge the power from 30% to 80% within 30 minutes.

It is worth mentioning that Roewe D7 DMH also won the honor of "Top Ten Engines and Hybrid Systems" in the "China Heart" 2023.

The pure electric Roewe D7 EV is based on the pure electric platform of SAIC Nebula, and is designed with rear-drive architecture. According to different versions, the VGA six-in-one electric drive it is equipped with has the maximum power of 145kW and 155kW, the maximum torque of 310Nm and the acceleration of 0-100km/h of 6.5s；; According to different versions, the battery capacity of SAIC Times Rubik’s Cube for power supply is 59.2kWh and 69.5kWh respectively, and the corresponding CLTC pure battery cruising range is 510km and 610km respectively, and the power consumption is 12.9kWh/100km, and it can charge the battery from 30% to 80% in 30 minutes.

Aiming at battery safety, Rubik’s cube battery in SAIC Times has built a five-fold progressive protection system of "pre-guide, lie, separate and sparse" and passed the double acupuncture experiment. In terms of passive safety, Roewe D7 EV adopts a cage body with higher torsional stiffness, with a high-strength steel ratio of 64.64% and a torsional stiffness of 29 200 N m/deg.

The chassis of Roewe D7 DMH adopts the common front McPherson rear multi-link suspension combination at the same level; EV models are equipped with a five-link rear suspension, which matches world-class chassis suppliers such as SKF, Weiback and GF, and the chassis of SAIC Innovation and Research Institute is systematically adjusted to improve the driving quality. In addition, Roewe D7 also integrates CST comfort braking system to reduce brake nodding and avoid carsickness.

Constant ambition

It is worth mentioning that at this listing conference, SAIC Roewe also released the Roewe D Strategy, and announced the product plan for the next three years: after D7 and D5X, which will be unveiled at Guangzhou Auto Show, Roewe "D Family" will also launch pure electric medium-sized cars and pure electric medium and large SUV；; Plug-in medium-sized SUVs, plug-in large flagship MPVs, plug-in medium-sized MPVs, plug-in medium-sized SUVs, plug-in large SUVs and plug-in medium-sized cars, etc., and will complete the sales target of 1 million in 2025.

As the first model of Roewe "D family", Roewe D7 blew the offensive horn of SAIC Roewe, a traditional independent brand, on the new energy track. Therefore, its future market feedback is undoubtedly of great significance to the transformation of the "D family" and even the Roewe brand.

As far as the product itself is concerned, Roewe D7 has an overwhelming advantage over the joint-venture B-class cars represented by Toyota Camry and Honda Accord, not to mention the A-class and A+-class joint-venture cars with obvious premium such as Sagitar and Civic.

However, in the current China market, Roewe D7′ s real competitors have already been replaced by their own brand peers who "you sing and I come on stage". BYD Seal DM-i, Deep Blue SL03 and other advanced plug-in hybrid cars have taken the lead by virtue of their brand advantages. At the same time, Geely Yinhe L6, which is relatively small in size but low in price, is also an opponent that cannot be ignored by the former.

From top to bottom, from left to right: Roewe D7 DHM, BYD Seal DM-i, Deep Blue SL03 and Geely Yinhe L6.

In the relatively small pure electric market, in addition to Tucki P5, Deep Blue SL03 pure electric cars of the same class, BYD Seal EV, Tucki P7 and other pure electric cars with a price of more than 200,000 yuan are also putting pressure on 150,000-200,000 yuan models in the form of dislocation competition.

Therefore, the price has become the decisive threshold for Roewe D7 to create explosions; Therefore, SAIC Roewe needs to make a desperate decision.

So we can see that, on the premise of close size and matching configuration, the top model of Roewe D7 DHM (145,800 yuan) is lowered to the starting price of its direct rivals, Seal DM-I (166,800 yuan) and Deep Blue SL03 (156,900 yuan), which reshapes the market structure of B-class cars with the price of "more volume than volume".

In the pure electric car market with less competitive intensity, Roewe D7 EV is also expected to play a brand-new world with a starting price of less than 150,000 yuan under the pure level stage.

Compared with the former Roewe, the Roewe D7 has changed the design language, upgraded various configurations from comfort to technology, and introduced remarkable technologies … However, at the moment of frequent new brands and repeated iterations of new LOGOs, SAIC Roewe still retains the classic lion logo on D7, while retaining its ambition to conquer the market behind it.

Roewe Lion Image Source: vision china

The lion is the king of all animals. It represents auspiciousness, majesty and solemnity in China culture, and it is also a symbol of king and courage in the west. Driven by the core technology, Roewe D7′ s cross the rubicon this time has really realized the space and value of B-class cars, and has become a fierce competition with the price of A-class cars, showing the king’s bearing that a lion should have.

Although its sales prospects have yet to be verified, it is certain that the loud roar of SAIC Roewe after awakening is enough for the whole market to hear.

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As a concept car, the exterior design of the e π 008 is full of futuristic and technological charm. On the front face, it adopts a unique design concept, with streamlined lines outlining a highly recognizable profile, and the air intake grille adopts a closed design to highlight its electric performance. Overall, the e π 008 combines power and elegance, presenting an aesthetic expression that transcends tradition and is unforgettable.

车系eπ008以其独特的车身设计和精良的工艺打造，展现出流线型的侧面轮廓。车身尺寸长宽高分别为5002mm x 1972mm x 1732mm，轴距达到3025mm，确保了宽敞舒适的内部空间。前轮距和后轮距均为1650mm，提供稳健的行驶稳定性。轮胎规格方面，前后均采用265/45 R21的高性能轮胎，不仅抓地力出色，还与轮圈风格相得益彰，共同塑造出动感的侧面视觉效果。

内饰方面，eπ008秉持着简约而科技的设计理念，驾驶舱内精致考究。15.6英寸的中控屏幕矗立前方，清晰显示车辆信息与多媒体内容，操作便捷，支持语音识别控制，方便驾驶者在忙碌中轻松操控。方向盘采用高级皮质材质，手感舒适，配备了手动上下+前后调节功能，确保驾驶员的舒适驾驶体验。娱乐与便利性方面，USB和Type-C接口均匀分布在前排和后排，包括前排2个和后排3个，满足乘客的多元化需求。座椅采用仿皮材质，主副驾驶位支持前后调节、靠背调节、高低调节以及腰部支撑，提供多向支持。前排座椅更是配备了加热和通风功能，以及电动座椅记忆功能，让乘坐更加舒适。同时，第二排座椅支持前后调节、靠背调节和腿托调节，体现了对乘客乘坐空间的细致考虑。整体内饰彰显了eπ008在豪华与实用之间的完美平衡。

车系eπ008搭载了一台1.5T涡轮增压发动机，其最大功率达到了108千瓦，为车辆提供强劲的动力支持。这款发动机拥有147马力，搭配电动车单速变速箱，确保了顺畅的驾驶体验和高效能的性能表现。

总的来说，汽车之家车主对eπ008的外观设计表达了高度的认可，特别是向阳金和紫色的配色方案，让他感到惊艳。这表明eπ008不仅在技术创新上有所突破，其外观设计也成功地吸引了消费者的目光，无疑为品牌形象增添了更多魅力。

　　Beijing, April 21 (Reporter Qi Feng) According to the recruitment announcements issued by various places, more than 20 provinces across the country gathered together today to hold a written test for the recruitment of civil servants in 2018. Judging from the recruitment policy, this year, we have paid more attention to the grassroots level and provided preferential policies for urgently needed talents. On the eve of the written test, many provinces also issued tips to candidates to ensure the safety of the test.

　　— — The popularity of civil servants in many places has not diminished.

　　Compared with the "national examination", the recruitment of civil servants held in various provinces is also called the "provincial examination" of civil servants. In recent years, more and more provinces have set the opening time of the written examination for the recruitment of civil servants in their own provinces on the same day. Among the candidates, this is also called the "joint examination for civil servants".

　　Observing the recruitment of civil servants in various provinces this year, more than 20 provinces have decided to start the written test today. Judging from the number of people to be recruited published in various places, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Heilongjiang and other provinces have recruited more than 7,000 civil servants this year.

　　Judging from the number of applicants, according to public reports, civil servants in some provinces are still hot. For example, in the first half of this year, Chongqing planned to recruit 1,193 civil servants, and finally 74,683 people paid for registration, with a recruitment ratio of 63: 1. According to local media reports, this is the fiercest competition in the civil service examination in Chongqing in the first half of the past three years.

　　Yunnan plans to recruit 3,765 civil servants this year. In the end, a total of 305,128 people successfully registered, and the registration was successful and the payment was 284,944, and the number of applicants also reached a new high.

　　Judging from the job competition, according to reports, the competition for the hottest jobs in Yunnan, Qinghai, Guizhou and other provinces exceeds "one in a thousand".

　　China News Service reporter Wei Liang photo

　　These policies should be mastered.

　　— — Recruiting to the grassroots to "green light" for urgently needed talents.

　　In this year’s recruitment policies of civil servants in various provinces, the most obvious common feature is still to increase the inclination towards the grassroots. Many provinces support the recruitment of civil servants at the grassroots level by relaxing the restrictions on recruitment majors, reducing the proportion of examinations, and lowering the scores of qualified written examinations and interviews.

　　For example, when Hubei recruited civil servants, there were 351 positions in poverty-stricken counties and provincial poverty-stricken counties supported by the state that restricted local household registration. At the same time, the province’s township organs, village (community) cadres and other personnel who enjoy targeted preferential policies implement a minimum service period of five years.

　　This year, Anhui recruited 7,801 civil servants and management staff with reference to the Civil Service Law, of which 6,131 were recruited by organs below the county level, accounting for 78.6% of the total plan of the province.

　　In addition, according to the relevant person in charge of the Anhui Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, this year, Anhui will take measures such as relaxing the qualification conditions, reducing the proportion of opening examinations, separately delineating the qualified scores of written examinations, and recruiting students for household registration personnel in this city, so as to supplement urgently needed professionals in urban and rural planning, modern agriculture, tourism management, etc. for the grassroots in time, and strive to create a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, knows the countryside and loves farmers.

　　In Jiangxi, in order to solve the shortage of talents in key areas and key links of grass-roots market and quality supervision departments, in the recruitment of civil servants in Jiangxi Province this year, the market and quality supervision departments of the whole province have come up with a total of 549 recruitment plans, mainly distributed in grass-roots branches of market and quality supervision.

　　— — Emphasis on serious examination discipline and strict investigation of "identical papers"

　　Since the recruitment of civil servants started this year, all localities have once again emphasized the relevant disciplinary requirements for registration and examination. It is worth mentioning that on the eve of the written examination of civil servants’ provincial examinations, many provinces stressed that the examination would strictly identify the "identical papers".

　　For example, on the eve of this year’s civil service examination, the Personnel Examination Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region issued a reminder to the candidates, suggesting that after the examination, the same answer sheet will be screened. If it is found that the answers in the same subject are the same among the candidates, and confirmed by the marking experts, the examination institutions that organize the implementation of the examination will give the examination results of the subject invalid treatment.

　　At the same time, the relevant information will be sent to the public security organs for further analysis and investigation. Other violations of discipline and discipline will be dealt with in strict accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Measures for Handling Violations of Discipline and Discipline in Civil Service Examination and Employment, and those involving illegal crimes will be handed over to the public security organs for handling. .

　　In Xinjiang, after the written test, the competent civil servant department of the autonomous region will entrust a national professional institution to identify the written test papers in the same way, and the candidates who are identified as the same will cancel the written test results as appropriate.

　　Shaanxi also made it clear that after the examination, the same test papers will be screened and identified in specialized institutions, and the information of disciplinary personnel will be posted online, and the civil service examination discipline will be serious to ensure that the recruitment examination is fair and just.

　　— — What is the difference between provincial examination and national examination?

　　The examination of recruiting civil servants for provincial, city, county and township organs is also called the "provincial examination" for civil servants. In contrast, the public is more familiar with the "national examination", that is, the recruitment of civil servants by the central authorities and their directly affiliated institutions.

　　What is the difference between provincial examination and national examination in registration and examination? According to experts, the national examination has the characteristics of nationwide region, extensive scope and open conditions. Residents of all provinces in China can apply for the examination without household registration restrictions, while the scope of the provincial examination is relatively narrow, and some provinces and positions have household registration restrictions.

　　Judging from the public subjects in the written examination, no matter the national examination or the provincial examination, the public subjects include the Administrative Professional Ability Test and the Application. For the national examination, "Shen Lun" in public subjects is divided into two types of examination papers: above the provincial level and below the sub-provincial level, and some positions are added with professional subjects. The provincial examination is similar to the national examination, but some areas will also add examination content according to local conditions.

　　As for the "joint examination" of civil servants’ recruitment in many provinces held today, Li Manqing, a counseling expert of Huatu Education Public Examination, once analyzed the media that the recruitment work of all provinces participating in the joint examination is organized separately, and the joint examination is not the same volume. Many provinces choose the written examination on the same day, which helps to avoid the disadvantages of candidates taking advantage of the test time difference to travel around the provinces frequently to take the examination. (End)

　　Zhang Gan, a professor at Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts, recently gave a special report entitled "Plague and Western Art —— The Influence of Disease and Plague on Western Painting" in Lecture 10 of "Spring Breeze Lecture Hall" in Tsinghua University. He studied the influence of "disease and plague" on western art from the perspective of art appreciation from three aspects: the plague in works of art, the new theme of the birth of plague and the art interrupted by plague.

　　No.1Plague in works of art

　　Plague and disease run through the development of human civilization. People who have experienced disasters often record or express disasters and the thoughts they bring to people in the form of literature and art.

　　For example, works of art with the theme of war, some patrons at that time hoped to show their military achievements or achievements through their works, and some artists hoped to accuse the atrocities of war by expressing the theme of war.

　　However, there are not many works that show plagues and diseases in paintings. Because the plague brings painful memories to everyone and the state of illness has no aesthetic feeling at all, artists rarely show the sick scenes directly in their works. However, the rethinking of life caused by disease and plague, such as the cycle of life and death, the relationship between man and society and the influence of plague itself on human society, all play a lasting role in art.

　　In western painting, there are some works related to plague or disease, and occasionally artists directly express the visual impact brought by plague in their works. These worksIt reflects the disaster and catastrophe brought by plague and disease to human beings, and the brilliance of human nature highlighted in it..

　　01

　　Plague has been accompanied by human history, and the most serious one in western historical records is the Black Death in 1348. American writer Joseph P. Bourne once wrote in The Black Death: "Neither Western Christianity nor the Islamic world can express such a disaster as the Black Death with visual images." Although few works of art are expressed, we still found some images. These paintings played a certain role in the later study of the Black Death.

　　The scene of survivors burying the dead,

　　The only existing work during the first outbreak of the Black Death.

　　Scenes of priests helping to treat and bury the dead,

　　Bronze prints during the outbreak of Florence plague in 1348.

　　The doctor who treated the Black Death wore a beak mask as a protective measure.

　　02

　　The painting of the altar of Isenheim in the museum of Antlinden in Coma, France, shows the monastery’s treatment of the disease under the epidemic of ergot poisoning. The work comforts the believers through the theme of Christian resurrection, and will surely overcome the disease.

　　Eisenheim altar painting

　　Matthias Gruenewald

　　Painting of the Altar in Isenheim (Unfolded), the central altar was carved by nikolaus Hagenau in 1490, and the hospital chapel of St. Anthony’s Cathedral in Isenheim, Germany, about 1510 ~1515. Altar, painted gilded basswood, 298.4cm× 250.1cm× 92.7cm (center), 74.9cm× 340.4cm (lower sketchpad), oil painting on the side boards, 250.1cm× 92.7cm..

　　Saint Anthony is the patron saint of patients with skin diseases (Isenheim is a village 15 miles from Cole Ma Yinan). In art, pigs are usually accompanied by Saint Anthony, which refers to the use of pork fat to treat skin infections. But it also led Saint Anthony to become the patron saint of pig farmers, and the protectors of basket weavers, pen makers and grave diggers had nothing to do with his treatment (he lived as a hermit, a religious hermit for the first time, in an empty grave).

　　At Isenheim Hospital, the monks of St. Anthony’s Monastery devote themselves to taking care of sick and dying farmers, many of whom suffer from ergot disease. Ergot disease is a disease caused by eating rye grains infected with fungi. Ergotism, commonly known as the fire of St. Anthony (St. Anthony‘s fire) can cause hallucinations, skin infections and attacks on the central nervous system, eventually leading to death.

　　03

　　In the history of western art, there are some outstanding works that reflect plagues and diseases.

　　3.1　The plague of Ashdod

　　In the 17th century, the works of Nicolas Pu Sang, a famous French classicism representative painter, according to the description in Samuel, showed the scene of children crying on the body of their mother who died of the plague, and showed people’s desire to be free from the plague.

　　The Plague of Ashdod， 1628-1630

　　Oil on canvas, 148×198, Louvre, Paris.

　　3.2　Napoleon visited the plague patients in Jaffa.

　　In the 19th century, the works of Antoine-Jean Gro, a pioneer of romanticism and a famous French painter, described Napoleon’s inspection and care of soldiers infected with plague in the monastery of Saint Nicholas, Armenia, and showed Napoleon’s heroic image as a leader who loved soldiers like children and the real scene of treating plague patients.

　　In 1804, oil painting on canvas, 532×720, Louvre, Paris.

　　3.3　Death in the Sickroom

　　At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, several works by Norwegian expressionist painter edvard munch set off the sad and depressed mood with cool colors, and showed the atmosphere of suffering from diseases incisively and vividly.

　　1893， 134cm ×　160cm，　Munch Museum， Oslo

　　1895， oil on canvas， 150cm ×　168cm， Nasjonalgalleriet， Oslo

　　3.4　Science and Kindness

　　In 1897, Picasso’s work was only 16 years old. The doctor in the picture is modeled after his father, and the girl in the hospital bed is modeled after a gypsy girl Picasso met in the street. This kind of works expressing the theme of science and technology and benevolence was very popular at the end of the 19th century, which was closely related to the development of medical science and technology in this era, and expressed the theme that although the disease was painful, science and technology brought hope to mankind.

　　Pablo Picasso， Science and Charity， 1897， 200 x 250cm

　　3.5　The Plague

　　Marx klinger’s prints depict the sudden appearance of a crow symbolizing death, which shocked the nuns who comforted the patients and filled the whole environment with an ominous atmosphere.

　　1857-1920， From Vom Tode II （Berlin， 1898-1910） Engraving and drypoint， 36 × 31.4cm

　　The psychological impact of the plague on human beings is well reflected in the form of painting. Art is a record of human history, not only an aesthetic expression, but also an important carrier of human thought and civilization.

　　No.2

　　A new theme born of plague

　　Due to the plague, some new themes were born in the history of western painting. For example, after the Black Death, the themes of "Death’s Victory" and "Death’s Dance" appeared. These two themes remind us that people can’t avoid death: the former is more active, persuading people to work hard in this life and strive for good results; The latter is more pessimistic, emphasizing that no matter whether he was a king, a monk or other people from all walks of life, he would eventually be born to die.

　　These thoughts related to death were very popular in the 14th century, which was closely related to the underdevelopment of medicine and technology at that time. People were helpless in the face of diseases and plagues, and their despair and helplessness were understandable. Today, through unremitting efforts and exploration of mankind, there is new hope to overcome the epidemic.

　　Three living people meet three dead people

　　"Death’s Victory" has been popular in Europe since the 14th century. The above picture is selected from the book "Poems and Prayer Books" written by Bonn, Duke of Normandy in Luxembourg, who died of the plague. The dead in the painting said to the living, "We used to be like you, and now we are you in the future." This theme became more popular in the late Middle Ages.

　　The theme of "Victory of Death" series has been shown in Italy, Belgium, France and Germany. The Italian work The Triumph of Death with the Dance of Death is very typical. At the top of the picture is an image of a god of death wearing a crown and the helplessness of people from all walks of life in the world in the face of death, indicating that no one can defeat death; The bottom of the picture embodies the "dance of death", expressing that death has accompanied people all their lives and cannot escape.

　　Giacomo Borlone de Burchis， The Triumph of Death with The Dance of Death， 15th century， Oratorio dei Disciplini in Clusone， Italy

　　The image of death gradually fixed in the Middle Ages: a skeleton with a sickle and an hourglass representing time, and some with wings similar to bats.

　　"Seven Ages of the World: The Image of Death" is a woodcut illustration made by Michal Wohlgemuth for Hartman Scheedel’s Chronicle. In the picture, corpses with different degrees of corruption are dancing, and there is a paragraph under the image: "Nothing is better than death …" It reminds people that death will eventually overcome the body.

　　Death shoots an arrow from a bow on a skinny horse, targeting people of all social classes. The horse occupies the center of the whole scene, its ribs are clearly visible, and its bony head shows its teeth and tongue. Death has just shot an arrow and hit a young man in the lower right corner. Death will also wear a sickle beside the saddle, which is its typical feature.

　　Wet frescoes of Abbatilis Palace in Palermo, circa 1446. Entrusted by the king of Aragon in Naples.

　　01

　　Ponico Di Martino or Ponico Boufard Marco has a famous work "Victory of Death". The picture is divided into two parts: on the left, a young man rides a horse for an outing and meets a hermit. The old man shows you three coffins with the bodies of a king, a priest and a noble respectively. The bodies are swollen and rotted, and the young people cover their noses and mouths; On the right is the scene of young people playing the piano, playing and dancing in the garden. It shows that people were powerless in the face of death at that time, and people were happy in time, while angels and demons in the sky were fighting for people’s souls, which warned everyone that life is short and we should live actively.

　　Cemetery of Pisa Cathedral, Buona Mico di Martino or Buona Mico Buffalo Macco (Active C.1315-1336).

　　02

　　Part of Gorgeous Daily Classics was written by Jean Collomb. In the picture, armed soldiers were beaten out of the water by three skeletons, which also represented the victory of death.

　　A variant of death’s victory

　　Most classic: Old Peter Bruegel, Victory of Death

　　In the lower left corner of the foreground of the painting is the king caught by death, who is still thinking about his gold and silver when he dies. On the right is the priest caught by death, and a pilgrim in white who is lying asleep on the ground in the middle is also killed by death. The skeleton on the left pulls a car full of human skulls. Under the car, there is a woman who is cutting off the textile thread representing the thread of life with scissors, which is a metaphor for the fragility of life. There is a dining table in the lower right corner of the picture. Everyone who is having a banquet is interrupted by death. On the right, there is a trap like a mousetrap. All human beings are driven here by death, which means that human beings will eventually be defeated by death. The background of the whole picture is a barren battlefield, filled with smoke, and the skeleton army completely defeats human beings.

　　Pieter Bruegel the Elder，　Triumph of Death， c。 1562， oil on panel， 117x162cm， Museo del Prado， Madrid。

　　The Dance of Death by the German artist Hans holbein (1497-1543) is an excellent print work in the Renaissance. In a series of dynamic pictures, death invaded the daily life of 34 people from all walks of life, from the Pope to the doctor to the farmer who plowed the fields.

　　Adam and Eve were expelled from the paradise, and death waited excitedly.

　　The samurai struggled with death, and it was hard to defeat after all.

　　A lady was visited by death.

　　Al Brecht Diu Lei was the greatest painter in the German Renaissance. There are four knights in his Four Horsemen in Revelation, representing conquest, war, hunger and death. Among them, death can kill a quarter of the people on the earth with swords, famines, plagues and wild animals. Although this work does not directly show the plague, it warns everyone about the influence of the plague on human beings through the image of death.

　　These works represent the pessimistic attitude of the west in the face of plague in this specific period of the 16th century. These emotions are a portrayal of the world at that time, representing people’s views and understanding of the world. At the same time, artists also satirize social reality through their works, which also reminds us how to look at the present world.

　　But in the history of western painting, this is only a small part, and most of the works face life with a positive and optimistic realistic attitude. The themes derived from the plague are not all pessimism, but there are some changes in the later period.

　　Corpse monument

　　During the outbreak of plague, many people can only be buried in nameless graves or graves. Out of fear of this feeling of complete disappearance, people with conditions demand that enough marks be left on their graves. For about two centuries, rich people put life-size statues of themselves on the top of tombs. In the 1490s, a new form of burial emerged, which was mainly characterized by the juxtaposition of neatly dressed images of bishops, cardinals or nobles and life-size decomposed corpses, and was called the Cadaver monument.

　　The earliest carrion tomb in England belongs to Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury. The inscription in the mausoleum reads: "I was born in poverty and was later promoted to bishop." If you can’t afford to get sick now, it will become food for maggots … You will be like me after death: all terrible dust, maggots and carrion. "

　　John FitzAlan’s body monument, 14th Earl of arundel, died in 1435. Arundel Chapel in Arendal Castle, Sussex.

　　Ma Saqiao: Trinity, 1425-28 wet mural, Notre Dame de Florence.

　　At the bottom of the picture is a painted corpse monument. This work is the earliest known preserved work using scientific perspective in the history of western art.

　　A patron saint from the plague

　　Based on everyone’s wish to avoid plague infection, two protected saints came into being: St. Sebastian (St. Sebastian) and St. Roche (St. Roch）。

　　San sebastian

　　San Sebastian lived in the early 4th century. His relationship with the plague stems from the fact that he can survive the rain of arrows. In western tradition, arrows are associated with diseases initiated by God. There are many times in the Old Testament that arrows are used to compare God’s punishment. Such as Deuteronomy (32: 23): "Shoot my arrows at them." Psalm (64: 7): "But God wanted to shoot them, and suddenly they were wounded by arrows." Psalm (7: 12): "The bow must be bent and ready." Wait a minute. Classical writers and Christian writers in the first Black Death pandemic also compared the plague to an arrow. The earliest known recourse to Sebastian occurred in pavia and Rome in the 7th century.

　　The earliest known work of Saint Sebastian is a mosaic of the existing New Saint Apolinar Church in ravenna, Italy, which was created around 527-565 AD. Another earlier painting, St. Sebastian, a mosaic of St. Peter’s church in chains in Rome, was created around 682 AD.

　　South Nederland painter Levering Cox

• Josse Lieferinxe (Working CA 1493–1503/08) The intercession of Saint Sebastian for the Plague Stricken, The Walters Art Museum.

　　St. Roche

　　Saint-Roch was born in Montpellier, France, in a noble family, between the 1990 s and 1350 s. On his way to Rome for pilgrimage, he encountered a plague, so St. Roch stayed in Akua Pontent, Tuscany to help the patients. A few years later, he was infected with plague on his way home. A dog licked his wound and brought him food, and finally recovered. After returning home, he was mistaken for a spy and died in prison. People found "angel handwriting" on him, saying that he would become a patron saint of plague patients after he ascended to heaven. The earliest evidence of worshipping him appeared in the early 15th century. His legend is very popular in Venice. St. Roch in the portrait is usually standing, wearing a pilgrim’s hat, holding a cane and a shell, with a dog giving him food. The left leg is exposed, showing a lymph node mass at the root of the leg.

　　Burial place of Saint Roch， Church of San Rocco in Venice， Italy

　　During the Black Death that ravaged northern Italy from 1477 to 1479, people’s worship of St. Roch was growing.

　　St. Roch Hall in Venice

　　Scuola Grande di San Rocco

　　No.3

　　Art interrupted by plague

　　In 1951, art historian Milad Mais published The Paintings of Florence and Siena after the Black Death: Art, Religion and Society in the Mid-14th Century. In the book, he pointed out that the Black Death had a profound influence on the artistic style and content of Florence and Siena. It is precisely because of the fear of plague that the patrons of religious painting gave up the artistic development for half a century and turned back to a more traditional, more religious and spiritual style.

　　Mays believes that the Black Death delayed the reality of Renaissance style and the development of humanistic art for decades. However, more art historians, such as Hank Van Oath, point out that many key artists and patrons died because of the plague, which is the reason for the delay in the change of artistic style. For example, Luo Renzetti, a painter in Siena, died of the Black Death, and the nine-member government in Siena collapsed, which led to the end of the sponsorship of art. Judith Steinhoff, an art historian, believes that the "new patron" with low taste led to the decline of artistic taste at that time. Italians who experienced the plague became very concerned about being remembered, which was reflected in the construction of churches, art sponsorship and donations. The individual’s concern for the name behind him directly triggered human’s concern for artistic realism, which will be the symbol of Renaissance art in the 15th and 16th centuries.

　　Giotto di Bendone

　　（Giotto di Bondone， c.1277-1337）

• Boccaccio said Giotto brought light to the art of painting.

• Dante wrote in the eleventh song "Proud people become humble people" in the Divine Comedy Purgatory: Chemapu wanted to be invincible in painting, but now Giotto has won the praise, so the other one’s reputation is unknown.

• A monument commissioned by Lorenzo de’ Medici in Florence Cathedral to commemorate Giotto. The inscription was written by humanist Poliziano: I am the one who gave new life to the lost painting art.

　　One of the earliest works using the central single-point perspective method.

　　The Birth of Mary 1342， Tempera on wood， 188 x 183 cm， Museo dell‘Opera del Duomo， Siena

　　Titian (1488/90-1576), Mourning Christ.

　　Pietà，　1576，　Oil on canvas， 352 x 349 cm，　Gallerie dell‘Accademia， Venice

　　Titian was infected with the plague and died of a high fever on August 27, 1576. Mourning for Christ was not finished before his death, but was finished by his student Palma.

　　the spanish flu

　　■ Another plague that has an important impact on western art is the Spanish flu. The Spanish flu lasted from January 1918 to December 1920, and about 500 million people were infected in the world. It was estimated that the death toll reached 17 million to 50 million, and some people thought it might reach 100 million.

　　Two very important Austrian painters died of Spanish flu, Egon Schiele and Klimt.

　　Emergency hospital set up in Kansas

　　Egon Schiele painted himself in the image of San Sebastian. The arrow not only represents the plague, but also represents the gossip that denies his art.

　　Self-Portrait as St。 Sebastian （Poster for Arnot Gallery exhibition）， 1914/15，　Indian ink and opaque， 67 x 50 cm， Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien， Vienna

　　02

　　Aids and Art in the 20th Century

　　In the 1980s and early 1990s, AIDS caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) broke out and swept across the United States and other parts of the world. Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV, and about 35 million people have died of AIDS.

　　Posters designed by keith haring:

　　Keith Haring，　Ignorance = Fear， 1989， Poster Collection Noirmontartproduction， Paris。　

　　In 1990, Harlem died of AIDS at the age of 31.

　　The test of human nature brought by the plague is also what we need to face today. Diseases make us think about several issues: first, the relationship between man and nature (man and environment, man and animals); Second, the relationship between people and society (individual and whole); Third, the relationship between people (with relatives, friends and strangers); Fourth, the relationship between countries (equality, fraternity or narrow nationalism).

　　In this thrilling art history related to the plague, we have seen the despair and struggle of mankind, the untimely death of many outstanding artists, and more hope and strength. Art constantly reminds us how to get along with nature, society and the past. We should face challenges together and build a community of human destiny with a more universal, equal and broad mind.

　　I hope that the power of art will continue to advance with mankind, and that mankind will never die and art will never die.

　　(This article is reproduced from Tsinghua University)