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In the growing garden, children are seedlings and flowers, parents are hard-working gardeners, and emotional value is the showers that nourish growth.

The more parents can provide the following five emotional values, the easier it is to cultivate children full of happiness.

Give full recognition.

Every child has an elf in his heart who longs to be seen, and his parents’ approval is the light that illuminates it.

When children carefully take steps for the first time, when they outline the wonders of their hearts with immature brushes, parents’ words of "Baby, you are great" will make children draw strength from this recognition and explore the unknown with courage.

Convey a steady sense of security

Home is a safe haven for children’s hearts, and parents’ stable emotions are the solid banks. When it is stormy outside, children come home, see their parents’ peaceful faces and hear soothing words, and they will know that their parents are always a solid backing.

Failure in the exam, friendship capsized, these growing "small wounds" can be slowly healed in the warm embrace and firm commitment of parents.

Share pure happiness

Laughter between parents and children is the most beautiful music in the family. Parents put aside the seriousness of adults, play on the grass with their children, laugh at a childish joke and cheer for a snowball fight … This unreserved happy sharing is the spiritual wealth of children all their lives.

When children grow up, they learn to find beauty in ordinary days and look at the world with optimism.

Give understanding to empathy

Children’s sadness, anger and grievances may be insignificant in the eyes of adults, but they are an important process of spiritual growth. Understanding parents will bend down, look their children in the eyes gently and say "I understand you" softly.

Parents’ understanding can heal children’s inner waves and help them establish harmonious interpersonal relationships.

Show a positive attitude

Life is bound to have setbacks. If parents can light the torch of hope, children will not fall into the mire of despair. Persevering children can look up at the stars, embrace life with a positive attitude and continue to pursue happiness, even at the bottom.

Being a parent

When these five emotional values are used

Watering children’s hearts carefully

Let them grow up in love and warmth

In this way, children can bring enough confidence.

Toward the future

Take firm and happy steps.

END

Jingcai in the past

Original title: "Providing Children with Five Emotional Values"

　　Authors: Zhang Yuanhang (Professor Peking University) and Wang Jinnan (Researcher, Institute of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Environmental Protection)

　　Frequent regional heavy pollution, decreased atmospheric visibility and substandard air quality in most cities have become the most serious environmental problems facing China. Western developed countries have also experienced serious air pollution incidents in the process of industrialization. Through a lot of scientific exploration and continuous treatment practice, these pollution problems have been gradually effectively controlled, which provides reference for China to carry out air pollution control and accelerate air quality improvement.

　　Developed countries have experienced a long and arduous course of air pollution prevention and control, and it takes about 30-40 years of hard work from the peak of pollution to the air quality standard.

　　Judging from the history of air pollution in developed countries, serious pollution incidents have directly accelerated the process of air pollution control.

　　Europe

　　Air pollution control in Europe began with the smog incident in London, England in 1952. Since then, from soot pollution to cross-border transportation of acid rain and pollutants, Europe has adopted strategies such as energy substitution and total reduction control. Until the 1980s, traditional air pollution was basically controlled.

　　United States of America

　　The air pollution control in the United States originated from the photochemical smog incident in Los Angeles in 1950s, and successively promulgated the Air Pollution Control Act, the Clean Air Act and the Interstate Clean Air Regulations to solve the problem of O3 and PM 2.5 pollution near the ground. After more than 40 years of comprehensive treatment, the pollution of O3 and PM2.5 in the United States has been greatly reduced, but some areas still cannot meet the national air quality standards.

　　Japan

　　Air pollution control in Japan originated from the surge in the number of patients suffering from asthma diseases near petrochemical plants in 1960. Since the government promulgated the Air Pollution Control Law in 1968, after more than 30 years of efforts, Japan’s air quality has been significantly improved. However, it is difficult to meet the standard of PM2.5 in the central urban areas of big cities.

　　Ambient air quality standards and pollutant discharge standards are the core of air pollution prevention and control system, and protecting public health is the main consideration for the gradual upgrading of standards.

　　The international community generally attaches importance to the research and prevention of pollutants such as particulate matter, and gradually adjusts and tightens the concentration limit of pollutants in the standard based on the impact on human health.

　　United States of America

　　In 1987 and 1997, the United States formulated national air quality standards for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively.

　　EU

　　Since 1980, the European Union has gradually promulgated the concentration limits and recommended values of some pollutants, and revised and updated them constantly.

　　China

　　China promulgated and implemented the first ambient air quality standard — Atmospheric Environmental Quality Standard (GB3095-82) was revised four times, and a new ambient air quality standard was issued in 2012. In order to achieve air quality standards, it is necessary to further tighten industrial pollutant emission standards, including motor vehicle emission standards.

　　Implementing coordinated control of multi-pollutants and multi-pollution sources is an effective way to reduce the concentration of particulate matter in the air and improve air quality in an all-round way.

　　The sources of PM2.5 in the atmosphere include not only smoke dust, dust and soil dust directly discharged, but also secondary particles generated by various precursors.

　　The experience of developed countries such as Europe and America shows that to effectively reduce the concentration of PM2.5 in the ambient air, it is necessary to simultaneously control the emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia. The Gothenburg Agreement signed by European Union member countries and Central and Eastern European countries and a series of laws or plans promulgated by the United States have strictly controlled the emission of particulate matter and its precursors.

　　In order to meet the requirements of urban air quality standards in China, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive coordinated control system with multiple pollution sources and pollutants.

　　It is an important guarantee to improve the quality of regional atmospheric environment to establish a comprehensive management of regional air quality and a coordination mechanism for joint prevention and control of regional pollution.

　　The prevention and control of air pollution in Europe, America and Japan have experienced the course of "enterprise pollution-local pollution-urban pollution-regional pollution". The experience of air quality management in Europe and America shows that the improvement of regional air quality must rely on strong regional air pollution coordination and control capabilities. The integrated pollution control framework of the European Union and a series of relevant regulations or plans of the United States are all successful models of regional air quality management.

　　With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the regional compound characteristics of air pollution in China are increasingly prominent, and the environmental management system based on territorial management is not conducive to solving the regional air pollution problem. The air quality assurance work of Beijing Olympic Games, Guangzhou Asian Games and Shanghai World Expo has been successful, which has laid a good foundation for the establishment of regional joint prevention and control mechanism in China.

　　The adjustment of energy structure and economic structure is the most direct, effective and fundamental way to reduce pollutant emissions, and the "exit" of coal from cities is a necessary condition to realize clean air in cities.

　　The history of air pollution control in developed countries is itself a history of clean energy. In order to reduce soot pollution caused by coal burning,

　　Europe

　　European countries have taken measures to replace coal with gas, and the primary particulate matter emissions have dropped significantly.

　　United States of America

　　By adjusting the energy structure, reducing the use of coal and increasing the consumption of natural gas, the emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 have greatly decreased in the United States.

　　China

　　China is a big country in energy production and consumption in the world, and the composition of energy consumption is still dominated by coal. Coupled with the problems of unbalanced spatial distribution, unreasonable consumption structure and low level of clean and efficient utilization, the air pollution in regions and cities has been aggravated to some extent. Therefore, it is the key to fundamentally solve China’s air pollution, change the energy consumption structure and clean energy.

　　Traffic pollution control plays a key role in promoting air quality standards, and promoting motor vehicle technology upgrading and fuel cleanliness by tightening emission standards.

　　Vehicle emission is the fastest growing air pollution source at present.

　　EU

　　The European Union has significantly reduced vehicle emissions by formulating vehicle emission standards, fuel quality directives, developing a sustainable transportation system, and using economic means.

　　United States of America

　　The United States has formulated a comprehensive motor vehicle pollution control plan, including regularly updating health-based air quality standards, strict technical requirements and oil quality control, and implementing fuel management standards before vehicle management standards, so as to maximize emission reduction.

　　Japan

　　In 2002, Japan added the particle concentration limit to the vehicle exhaust emission standard.

　　Canada

　　Since 2001, Canada has formulated a series of laws and regulations to control the pollution caused by the transportation industry.

　　China

　　The number of motor vehicles in China is increasing rapidly with the economic development. In order to effectively control the pollution from mobile sources, it is necessary to formulate comprehensive countermeasures against "oil-vehicle-road" from the perspectives of mobile source management, vehicle energy and urban planning, establish a sustainable urban public transport system, optimize traffic management and reduce pollutant emissions.

Two days after the first broadcast of "Light", the hero Cheng Yizhi completed the handyman work in a street shop in the first half of the third episode. After entering a local big bank in Shanghai, he went from an apprentice to a senior clerk, running broker, an assistant to a shopkeeper. The topic and plot of # Cheng Yizhi’s promotion at the speed of light # brought a refreshing experience to netizens and audiences, which was different from the heavy and slow drama of the previous non-idol dramas.

Just looking at the title of the play, we may not understand that it is an entrepreneurial drama in the workplace in the era with the financial background of the Republic of China. The participation of young actors such as Steven Zhang, Cai Wenjing and Liang Jie has directly made youthful features from the visual perception, which is obviously a challenge in theme.

"When people mention the Republic of China, they will think of spy wars, anti-Japanese, revolution, or love idol dramas. I want to try another kind of imagination."

Screenwriter Wang Qiong is a mature screenwriter who has studied and accumulated a lot of dramas in the Republic of China. The spy war drama "Getting Away" written by her three years ago was interpreted by Chen Kun and Wan Qian and broadcast on the star. This time, in addition to the torrent of the times,She wants to make an expression from the perspective of people’s livelihood a hundred years ago.As a film company that has been observing the C-end market for a long time, the producer Lianrui Film Co., Ltd. also noticed that the combination of workplace and drama was a market vacancy, so it agreed with this practice and decided to take risks together.

Now that the closing ceremony is just around the corner, it can be summarized that the broadcast results from the opening ceremony have been ranked in the Top5 of Detawen TV drama boom day list, and it has topped the cat’s eye heat day list for many times, with the highest number of consecutive days. All these prove that looking at the film and television drama market in September, "Light", as the first drama of the network, has indeed successfully captured the attention of various audience groups.

In the name of CP and cool feeling,

Crossing the threshold of workplace drama in the Republic of China

　　　

For screenwriter Wang Qiong, whether it’s "Get Away" three years ago or "Light" now, these TV dramas that label her as a screenwriter of the Republic of China originated from her graduate work, a story about a female college student learning to cook halfway in the Republic of China. For the sake of "female cook", she read many books about the life and production of the Republic of China. After being soaked in rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea, the Republic of China was no longer an era with only war memories, and that era also had people’s livelihood.

"In the Republic of China, all countries set up banks in Shanghai, including local banks in Shanghai, and the elite of the world banks gathered in one place, with good academic qualifications and strong family background everywhere. If a young man of humble origin appeared at this time, how would he enter the world? What kind of story will there be? "

The beginning of imagination, in essence, is always a little counterattack, but the fate is different in different times and industries.

"I started writing an outline in 2017, and it took just 36 months to finalize the boot. It really changed countless drafts."The last sentence can be regarded as the routine "spit" of every screenwriter.

Wang Qiong, do you remember about.The script has been revised three times.First of all, there are fewer pre-characters in the film. Although it has not been presented, the character foundation has been laid.

The focus of the second revision is on the behavior motivation of Cheng Yizhi. The chaotic walker in the dark and the light chaser in troubled times have different highlights and arc lights, but Wang Qiong and the producer finally chose the latter. In fact, the story is about the choice and persistence of the little people in the uncertain era background, until the end, idealism will win, and the theme is heavy, but the technique is "light".

As for how to be "light"? It is the third major script change, which focuses on strengthening the emotional line. After all, there will be a career drama with a threshold in urban drama, which will sound even more boring in the background of the Republic of China. Emotional logic is the easiest way to drive the audience’s emotions, so all the supporting roles except the hero and heroine are endowed with emotional trends by the writers. In this way, each character can be vivid in front of the audience as quickly as possible, and then this does not exist in the current era and occupation. Pull in the distance with the audience.

In the idea of Lianrui film producers, it is tantamount to an "anti-routine" approach to strengthen the emotional line for Cheng Yizhi and Wu Lizi, a career couple who can be called "double A". If the past domestic dramas were vomited to fall in love in the cloak of workplace, then "Light" is to "cheat" the audience into watching Cheng Yizhi and his entrepreneurial group of the Republic of China fight for their ideals together.

“Taking CP is a good way for young viewers.Give them a key and let them follow the characters to see what will happen after them. "

After that, they are all very realistic stories, which Wang Qiong saw in many materials of the Republic of China and career reports of banks of the Republic of China, the thinking and manners of some China bankers, their yearning for China’s financial industry, and even their yearning for China’s future.

She will think that it is very interesting to look through old materials. The more objective and unemotional the materials seem, the more exciting things hidden under boring data can be found, and then thousands of words are gathered into one line, "What is the role of capital? It is necessary to support people of insight and help them pursue their ideals. "

Cheng Yizhi’s idealism led him to choose to follow the light. This is his way, and it is also the heavy feeling of "Light", which can be better carried by the volume of mainstream long dramas in 2017. Therefore, Steven Zhang can understand that this is a script without water drama and all dry goods.

Only when it was turned on three years later, in order to meet the audience market of the current fragmented viewing habits, the producer communicated with the screenwriter and reconstructed the structure of the whole drama, which was not the same as that of the traditional long drama, so that every behavior and turn of Cheng Yizhi was accompanied by the deconstruction and re-establishment of the relationship between the characters, which improved the sense of speed of upgrading different copies, more like trying the rhythm of short video in long video.

After all,The CP that the audience has been addicted to and the sense of coolness that they have experienced are also the grounding measures for the creative team to lower the threshold of the Republic of China workplace drama.The smell of wine is also afraid of the deep alley, and the solid content has to be seen by someone.

The driving force of the characters,

Differences and commonness of group images

　　　

It was only the day before the official closing that the "Light" with a score of 6.5 was opened in Douban, and the evaluation given by most netizens was "low". For the urban workplace drama, which is only about 7.5 points at present, the threshold for the financial industry to superimpose the background of the Republic of China is indeed not just an obstacle that CP He Shuang can drive the leap.

However, just as Wang Qiong insisted on "something to express", the producer also insisted on "innovation to try", so it is imperative to hit it off.The producer can see that Wang Qiong is very good at portraying characters. Even if there are more than ten important characters, everyone can be vivid, especially the female characters who are often absent from the legendary dramas of the Republic of China, which is just in line with the producer."A good play must be driven by characters."It is also possible to achieve common expression through the cooperation between production and drama.

"Cheng Yizhi is a person with strong self-awareness. He is not trapped and has strong self-drive." It was Wang Qiong who laid the foundation for the soul figure in this drama, which was different from most passive figures who were forced to struggle because of the chaotic situation in the Republic of China in the past. He is extremely intelligent on the outside, and he is a mature teenager, but he feels extremely inferior on the inside because of his humble background, so that he remoulds himself by constantly helping others, which is most obvious in his protective personality when he treats Xu Shu.

This is also Steven Zhang’s biggest question when he received the script: Does Cheng Yizhi bring his own strategy to solve the problem?

The producer explained the self-driving force of the characters by the behavior of "young people chasing the light". "Unlike the middle-aged people who think about it before, even if they don’t know what they will encounter in the road ahead, they will still set out first, and the soldiers on the road will block the water and cover it up."

Inferiority is gradually revealed in the later period, which also shows that the first half of the story is more refreshing than the second half because of Cheng Yizhi’s active behavior. How to make up for the sense of crisis after the protagonist’s opponent grows stronger in the second half? Mainly the heroine Wu Lizi,The personality of the group characters buried in the first half also broke out after 20 episodes, including the new characters appearing in the second half.

As Cheng Yizhi’s official position, Wu Lizi’s character’s growth curve is completely opposite. As soon as she appeared, the big lady was killed by her father and blindly sought revenge. Cai Wenjing felt that this role had fallen from a height, and like Cheng Yizhi, he returned to the light with self-drive. Even though the actress herself realized that the first half of the characters’ trough would definitely cause controversy among the audience, she still wanted to challenge such ups and downs.

In the play, in Wang Qiong’s script setting, Wu Lizi, who first suppressed and then promoted, and Cheng Yizhi, who first promoted and then suppressed, perfectly matched each other, and could become each other’s strongest backing during each other’s confusion; Off-stage, the producer was equally delighted to confirm their chemical reactions in the initial communication with the two actors.

The roles of men and women with emotional relationships need to be cross-matched, while the setting of female roles uses different professional backgrounds to shape independent roles with common personalities.

In addition to Wu Lizi, Liao Lan, the daughter of a warlord who dared to love and hate all her life, resolutely made a groundbreaking move at that time after learning that Huang Ruhong did not really love herself, and rallied to start a new business; The seemingly weak little bell, with excellent craftsmanship and professionalism in the field of clothing, borrowed money to start a business and founded a well-known tailor shop in Shanghai; Aileen, a woman from a noble family, has a broad vision and extraordinary courage. She is not bound by the secular world and is bent on studying abroad and moving towards higher heights.

"All women who are positively shaped, I hope that they are people with strong self-awareness and strong opinions who will not go with the flow. They will only present different styles in the face of different tests brought by life because of their different ages."Of course, there were many talented women in the Republic of China, but more of them included Wang Qiong’s expectations for independent women.

Perhaps every character is so full and vivid that even the producers say with a smile, "If they can start over, they should all have a Happy Ending. Now even I can’t accept it and regret it."

The film company to C attacked the drama market.

　　　

If there is a chance to do it again, in the era of the Republic of China with its own tragic atmosphere, the producer also wants to add more romantic imagination to everyone with lofty ideals. After all, Light is a story with more romantic expressions on the basis of realism.

This is after Lianrui’s creative team judged the C-end market.The tone of the youthful world outlook that I hope to build.Even if Cheng Yizhi had an age span from 17 to 35 in the whole play, he didn’t make an aging makeup for him, but revealed the differences of each age stage through the language rhythm, eye movements and body language of the actors.

In the words that the producer explained this practice to Steven Zhang, "Cheng Yizhi’s story does not grow in white hair wrinkles, but in the minds and behaviors of the characters, this is a little romantic expression. At the age of 35, he is also full of youth."

Of course, romanticism is not limited to makeup. As a group of "post-wave" young people a hundred years ago, the characters are full of light and vitality, which is the best way to overcome the original heaviness of the story and let the audience see hope. soThe whole play uses a partial brightness in tone.It aims to convey the inner state of the characters and break the depression of the times.

However, it is true that this drama finally attracted more young people to watch the drama than originally planned, but the average audience of nearly 33 years old still proves that it is still an "old-age" wide-crowd drama. Going north to Hangzhou is its audience’s help, and the threshold of the financial industry has prevented it from "sinking".

"If we do a play now, we will start to consider what kind of audience we want to show from the initial planning issues such as the outline and the structure of the play."

During the four years from script creation to broadcasting, Internet film and television promoted the audience’s aesthetic change for two generations. Nowadays, both screenwriter Wang Qiong and Lianrui Pictures think it is time.Starting with vertical dramas or short dramas, we should use more intense and exquisite stories to match the audience’s more divided and fragmented viewing habits.

"We want to see the needs and choices of the audience."Lianrui Film, which entered the TV drama market from the film market three years ago, did not directly transform the film team, but chose to recruit many partners who had experience and achievements in the TV drama field to jointly explore new markets.

So how do you observe the C-end market? Lianrui Film, which started four projects this year, practices competition instead of training. The Internet encourages innovation after all. As long as the creative team has enough enthusiasm or the project theme can hit the market gap, it can start to hatch and start at any time when it is mature.

The innovation of "Light" may have some regrets, and the screenwriter Wang Qiong and the creative team of Lianrui Film also unanimously expressed their feelings."The drama of the Republic of China is difficult to do"But the feedback from it should also give them more new inspiration.

　　On February 22nd, local time, the Federal Reserve released the minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) monetary policy meeting from January 31st to February 1st. According to the contents published in the minutes of the meeting, the Fed said that although there are signs that inflation is declining, it is not enough to offset the need for further interest rate hikes. At present, the inflation rate is "still much higher" than the Fed’s target of 2%. What followed was that "the labor market is still very tight, resulting in continuous upward pressure on wages and prices." Therefore, the Federal Reserve decided to raise the target range of the federal funds rate by 25 basis points, which is the smallest rate hike since March 2022. According to the minutes of the meeting, almost all the participants supported the decision and agreed to continue raising interest rates until inflation was controlled.

　　At the same time, many participants said that the process of raising the debt ceiling in the United States has dragged on for too long, which may pose "significant risks" to the financial system and economy. Some participants believe that the prospect of economic recession in 2023 is rising. Some participants said that the job market is "very tight", the demand for labor exceeds the supply, and the continuous tight job market will put upward pressure on inflation. (CCTV reporter Xu Wei)

　　China News Service, May 19, according to the website of the General Administration for Market Regulation, recently, Volvo Car Sales (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Daqing Volvo Car Manufacturing Co., Ltd. filed a recall plan with the State Administration for Market Regulation in accordance with the requirements of the "Regulations on the Administration of Recall of Defective Automobile Products" and the "Implementation Measures for the Administration of Recall of Defective Automobile Products". Decided to recall the following vehicles from July 1, 2021, a total of 85 vehicles.

　　(1) Volvo Car Sales (Shanghai) Co., Ltd

　　Recall the 2017-2020 imported XC90 vehicles produced from April 15, 2016 to May 18, 2020, a total of 82 vehicles.

　　(2) Daqing Volvo Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

　　Recall three domestic S90 long-wheelbase vehicles from May 5, 2018 to August 21, 2019.

　　For vehicles within the scope of this recall, due to design reasons, when there is liquid on the display screen of the rear seat control module, the module may detect an incorrect continuous touch signal. When the user calls up the seat adjustment interface in the rear seat control module, if there is liquid on the control module display screen and the user attempts to adjust the front passenger side seat, the front passenger side seat may be moved to the limit position. If the liquid is still present, it may not be possible to use the screen to re-control, resulting in the front passenger side seat control may be cancelled. In extreme cases, when the front passenger side seat is moved to the limit position, the person in the rear seat may be stuck and cause injury, which poses a safety hazard.

　　Volvo Car Sales (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Daqing Volvo Car Manufacturing Co., Ltd. will upgrade the rear seat control module software for vehicles within the scope of the recall free of charge to eliminate safety hazards.

　　Emergency response measures: Before the vehicle is recalled and the software is upgraded, the user should confirm that there is no liquid on the surface of the control module display before adjusting the position of the front passenger seat through the rear seat control module.

Special feature of 1905 film network Insight into the development trend of the film and television market in 2023 and embrace the brand-new future of China films in 2024.

Looking back on the year of 2023, the theme types of China films can be described as a hundred flowers: suspense masterpieces have sprung up everywhere, animated films have developed steadily, and industrial blockbusters have made remarkable achievements.

Suspense masterpieces have sprung up everywhere.

In 2023, suspense movies stood out, ranking first in quantity and quality. With 4.544 billion yuan locked in the 2023 box office champion, and other films won the box office, but also gained super high attention on the online platform, realizing the spread of the circle.

When talking about the original intention of creation, the director of "Put all your eggs in one basket" said frankly that he saw a lot of fraud news on the Internet and found many victims. He hoped to put this story on the big screen, which would have certain social value and alert the world to a certain extent.

The producer of "She Disappeared" expressed the hope to explore the extreme dramatic attributes after the alienation of human nature by showing the occurrence of unsafe incidents in overseas travel.

Industrial blockbusters have made great achievements.

95% of the visual effects production was completed by the domestic team, which shocked the audience to hang a sci-fi hurricane in the country and ranked second in the box office of the year.

The director recalled that when shooting the first film, he didn’t know how to make a spacesuit. But in the second part, technologies such as 3D printing are maturing, and many things can be mass-produced.

In Frant Gwo’s view, thanks to the continuous improvement of China’s productivity, filmmakers can apply these technologies to film production.

The summer file has continuously raised the ceiling of mythical epic films, and the box office ranks fifth in the year.

The director bluntly said: "I always hope to rediscover our own spiritual wealth with the most advanced film technology and contemporary views, and then turn it into a film work that everyone can share." Not only the young audience in China, he also hopes to introduce the story of China to the audience all over the world.

Animated films have developed steadily.

With cultural epic temperament and returning to warm affection, Bears Come and Go with Me "Bear Core", focusing on reality and dreams, and showing high school life have emerged one after another. Creators have their own unique tricks, deeply cultivating the content with their unconstrained imagination, supplemented by advanced technology, and winning audiences of all ages.

The director of Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an revealed that the film, as the first part of the new culture series, needed to develop the story in a big historical context, so they finally chose a poet who described the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the heroic.

Yi Qiao, the producer of the film Deep Sea, believes that the advantage of animation is that it can turn the beauty of an instant into a world.

Comedy and romantic movies need iterative updating.

Comedy and romance have always been the reserved programs in the film market. This year’s release of Ex-4: Goodbye to Ex-4 is relatively good, and there are other films that need to be released in the New Year’s Eve. However, at present, comedies and romances still lack strong films, and their creation still needs iterative updating.

Rao Shuguang, president of China Film Critics Association, analyzed that the large number of love movies but few explosions shows that the homogenization of love movies is serious and should be integrated into real hotspots and even pain points. At present, the audience demands more and more information for movies, and comedy movies have performance advantages in this respect. Because comedy movies don’t need much realistic logic, they can release more imagination and creativity.

Action blockbusters failed to meet market expectations.

Action movies, which are popular with strong plots, fast pace and big scenes, have not achieved the expected market performance in 2023, with 850 million, 664 million and 284 million, and just over 200 million being released, which is quite different from the box office performance of previous action movies, which started at 1 billion. In particular, Hong Kong-style action movies are even more declining.

Rao Shuguang believes that young audiences who are now entering the film market are expecting something new for action movies, and Hong Kong action movies need to make a breakthrough in both mode and plot.

Throughout the film market in 2023, suspense, animation and other types of films have achieved great success; However, comedy, love and action movies are relatively weak, and they need to be diversified and innovative in the future in order to occupy more shares in the market and bring new surprises to the audience.

　　[New Ideas and Practice of Governing the Country]

　　Scientific and Technological Innovation Drives China Giant Wheel

　　— — Review of the CPC Central Committee’s Promotion of Scientific and Technological Innovation since the 18th National Congress

　　Guangming Daily reporter Yang Shu

　　In the face of a new round of global growth, only reformers advance, only innovators are strong, and only reform and innovation win.

　　In June this year, the 2017 Global Innovation Index (GII) report jointly released by the World Intellectual Property Organization and Cornell University in the United States showed that China’s innovation ranking continued to climb, becoming the only middle-income country with a shrinking innovation gap with developed economies. Not only that, it also ranked first in the world in terms of domestic market volume, knowledge workers, original patents, high-tech exports and original industrial designs. China has successfully ranked among the global innovation leaders.

　　Scientific and technological innovation is at the forefront of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation at an unprecedented speed and scale.

　　Looking for power: innovation drives development into a "master switch"

　　At the key nodes of history, the power of thought is always stirring.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, scientific and technological innovation has become one of the core concepts of the Party Central Committee governing the country with the Supreme Leader as the core. "Innovation-driven", a brand-new vocabulary, has become the core strategy of China’s development.

　　"Innovation has always been an important force to promote the development of a country and a nation." "Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy is to promote all-round innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core … …” On August 18, 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the seventh meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group.

　　The brand-new orientation of scientific and technological innovation and innovation-driven comes from the profound insight of the Supreme Leader General Secretary into the general trend at home and abroad and the long-term development of the country — —

　　Innovation drive is the destiny of the country. Strong innovation will make the country prosperous, while weak innovation will make the country dangerous.

　　Innovation drive is the general trend of the world. The new round of global scientific and technological revolution and the accelerated evolution of industrial transformation are reshaping the world competition pattern and changing the balance of national power.

　　Innovation drive is needed for the development of the situation. China’s economic development has entered a new normal, and we must rely on innovation to create a new engine for development.

　　Innovation has become the "master switch" to solve development problems. In February 2016, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) reviewed and approved the Outline of National Innovation-driven Development Strategy, and put forward the "three-step" strategic goal of innovation-driven development strategy, which became the landmark achievement of the top-level design of innovation-driven development strategy. Half a year later, the "Thirteenth Five-Year National Science and Technology Innovation Plan" was officially released, drawing a strategic blueprint for building an innovative country.

　　Seek direction: the science and technology arena can’t follow suit

　　Known as China’s "Eye of the Sky", the world’s largest single-aperture radio telescope, the world’s first quantum science experimental satellite Mozi, and China’s self-developed global satellite positioning system Beidou & HELIP; … Not long ago, these great powers appeared in the "Five Years of Striving" large-scale achievement exhibition, and visitors used cameras to freeze this brilliant achievement.

　　"You can’t always dress up your own tomorrow with someone else’s yesterday. You can’t always rely on other people’s scientific and technological achievements to improve your own scientific and technological level, let alone be a technical vassal of other countries and always follow others. " The general secretary of the supreme leader’s argument is resounding.

　　In the past five years, the "China Breakthrough" of science and technology has frequently shaken the world — —

　　343 kilometers from the ground! This is the height of China created by Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory.

　　930 million times per second! This is the China speed created by the "Shenwei Taihu Light" supercomputer.

　　The maximum depth is 7062 meters! This is the China depth refreshed by the manned submersible Jiaolong.

　　Driven by five years of innovation, China has become the world’s second largest country in R&D investment, with the second largest number of international scientific and technological papers, the number of invention patent applications for six consecutive years and the number of patents granted for three consecutive years, ranking first in the world, and has become the first country in the world with an annual patent application of more than 1 million.

　　Innovation is like a lever, constantly inciting the miracle that leads the world.

　　Focus: innovation results are oriented to the main battlefield of economy and society

　　"What do you want to bring back to China most?" Not long ago, when young people from 20 countries along the Belt and Road were asked this question, their answers were "Alipay, online shopping, high-speed rail and bike-sharing".

　　This is described as China’s "four new inventions".

　　Nowadays, online car rental, online education, mobile medical care and unmanned shops & HELIP; … These fashionable "black technologies" around you and me are interpreting the connotation of "technology makes life better" at an alarming speed, and at the same time, they are giving birth to new industries and new formats to provide a source of power for economic development.

　　"Scientific research should not only pursue knowledge and truth, but also serve economic and social development and the broad masses of the people. The vast number of scientific and technological workers should write their papers on the land of the motherland and apply scientific and technological achievements to the great cause of modernization. " The entrustment of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has far-reaching implications.

　　In the past five years, focusing on the major needs of the country, the mobile communication field has achieved a leap from "2G following" to "4G parallel", the world’s first fourth-generation high-temperature gas-cooled reactor commercial demonstration project has been successfully built, and the C919 large passenger plane has successfully made its first flight … … The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress increased from 52.2% in 2012 to 56.2% in 2016.

　　"Let the innovative wisdom contained among hundreds of millions of people be fully released and the innovative power fully flow." The expectation of the Supreme Leader General Secretary ignites the fire of innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　At present, more than 4,200 creative spaces, more than 3,600 technology business incubators and more than 400 business accelerators in China are growing rapidly, and high-growth and high-valuation enterprises continue to emerge.

　　In 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said during an inspection tour in Liaoning that the key to seeing whether a high-tech zone is competitive and has great development potential is whether it can do the two articles of "high" and "new" well.

　　In 2016, the operating income of 146 national high-tech zones reached 28.3 trillion yuan, and more than half of the small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises. The main economic indicators of national independent innovation demonstration zones such as Donghu Lake in Wuhan and Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan have maintained a growth rate of 30% year after year, which has become a powerful engine for promoting regional development transformation and upgrading.

　　Breaking down barriers: breaking the ice in the reform of science and technology system

　　If scientific and technological innovation is compared to the new engine of China’s development, then reform is the essential ignition system.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that to implement the innovation-driven development strategy, the most fundamental thing is to enhance the ability of independent innovation, and the most urgent thing is to break down the institutional and institutional obstacles and maximize the liberation and stimulation of the great potential of science and technology as the primary productive force.

　　In the past five years, the reform of the scientific and technological system has been drastic and forceful, and the "institutional barriers" on the road to innovation have been torn down — —

　　Opinions on Opening National Major Scientific Research Infrastructure and Large-scale Scientific Research Instruments to the Society, which makes the "sleeping" scientific research instruments "turn"; "Several Opinions on Improving and Strengthening the Management of Scientific Research Projects and Funds of the Central Government" to "live" the scientific research funds that have been over-managed; The "Proposal on Deepening the Management Reform of the Central Government’s Science and Technology Plan (Special Projects, Funds, etc.)" unifies the scientific research projects as scattered as "a fairy tale"; The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to amend the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, delegating the right to transform and dispose of scientific and technological achievements, and making the transformation speed of scientific and technological achievements "run" … …

　　"In the process of promoting the reform of the science and technology system, we should pay attention to one problem, that is, the ability of China’s socialist system to concentrate on doing great things is an important magic weapon for our achievements. Many major scientific and technological achievements in China rely on this magic weapon and must not be lost! " While getting rid of the disadvantages of the scientific and technological system and mechanism, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader also has profound thoughts on giving full play to China’s institutional advantages.

　　In the past five years, science and technology management departments have respected the laws of scientific research and market, subtracted power and added services, strengthened supervision, grasped key issues, and activated the driving force of innovation and entrepreneurship. In 2016, China’s technology transfer contract exceeded one trillion yuan for the first time.

　　Scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation form a "two-wheel drive". Today, the increasingly complete ignition system is making the innovation engine run at full speed.

　　Gathering popularity: building a nest to attract phoenix and casting a talent phalanx

　　On May 30 this year, 81 million scientific and technological workers across the country ushered in their own festival — — The first "National Science and Technology Workers’ Day", at the "Three Meetings" of science and technology a year ago, the inspiring voice of the Supreme Leader General Secretary was still in my ears — —

　　"Gather talents in the world and use them, so that more galloping horses can compete."

　　"The key to building China into a world science and technology power is to build a team of innovative talents with large scale, reasonable structure and excellent quality, and to stimulate the innovative vitality and potential of all kinds of talents."

　　In the past five years, there have been frequent policies to encourage relaxation. In March 2016, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the System and Mechanism of Talent Development was issued to optimize the role of "baton" in talent evaluation and improve the smooth flow mechanism of talents; In 2017, "Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Simple Administration, Decentralization and Administration in Higher Education, and Optimizing Service" was officially released, which expanded the autonomy of universities and research institutes and gave innovative leading talents greater control over people, property and technical routes.

　　Siphon of Talents: In the past five years, the central government, local governments and departments have cooperated vertically and horizontally to promote the development of all kinds of scientific and technological talents, which has led to the formation of the largest "homecoming tide" of overseas students since the founding of New China. By the end of 2016, the total number of returned students in China had reached 2,651,100, of which 70% had returned since the 18th National Congress.

　　In the past five years, the Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made a strategic, overall and long-term systematic plan for scientific and technological innovation, gradually forming theoretical innovation and practical exploration of scientific and technological innovation ideas, and China’s scientific and technological innovation has undergone profound changes in its entirety and pattern, which has condensed a powerful force for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　With the sound of trumpets and drums, on the journey of building a world-class science and technology power, innovation drives the great ship of China, breaking waves and never stopping!

　　■ short comments

　　Innovative ideas lead the future

　　In a sense, the strength of science and technology determines the contrast of world power, and also determines the future and destiny of all countries and nationalities. At present, China’s scientific and technological innovation is standing in a new historical position. From the accumulation of quantity to the leap of quality, from the breakthrough of point to the leap of system, China’s innovation has ushered in a new stage, which is unprecedented since modern times.

　　Great changes come from great ideas. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made fruitful achievements in theoretical innovation and practical innovation, from establishing the goal of "two hundred years" to putting forward the "Chinese dream", from coordinating the overall layout of "five in one" to coordinating and promoting the "four comprehensive" strategic layout … … The "road map" for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics has become clearer; From establishing the innovation-driven development strategy to implementing the new development concept of "innovative development", from accelerating the pace of building an innovative country to constantly advancing towards a world science and technology power … … Promote the comprehensive innovation blueprint with scientific and technological innovation as the core.

　　Systematic planning of scientific and technological innovation is strategic, overall and long-term, which is an important part of the new ideas, ideas and strategies of the Supreme Leader General Secretary in governing the country, a major development of Marxist scientific and technological theory and a major innovation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory. This is put forward at the key historical node of building a well-off society in an all-round way and under the important background of our party’s great struggle with many new historical characteristics. It has distinct characteristics of the times and rich theoretical connotation.

　　Science and technology are the foundation of national prosperity, and innovation is the soul of national progress. Mozi achieved three established scientific goals, Tianzhou-1 and Tiangong-2 were successfully separated, and China’s spallation neutron source was successfully targeted for the first time … … The frequent news of major scientific and technological breakthroughs has greatly inspired the spirit of the Chinese people and fully demonstrated the brilliant achievements and broad prospects of China’s construction of a strong country in science and technology under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core. We have reason to believe that with the sail of the Chinese dream, the great ship China will sail for a brighter tomorrow.

　　Guangming Daily (October 9, 2017, 01 edition)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 8-the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Finance recently jointly issued "Several Provisions on Protecting and Rewarding Informants of Duty Crimes". The full text of the regulation is as follows:

Provisions of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Finance on Protecting and Rewarding Informants of Duty Crimes

Article 1 In order to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of informants and encourage individuals and units to report duty crimes according to law, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and in combination with judicial practice.

Article 2 Individuals and units are encouraged to report duty crimes by real names according to law.

If you use your real name or unit name to report, and you have specific contact information and recognize the reporting behavior, it is a real name report.

Article 3 People’s procuratorates, public security organs and financial departments shall work closely together to protect and reward informants.

Article 4 Any individual or unit that reports a duty crime to the People’s Procuratorate according to law shall have its legitimate rights and interests protected by law. The people’s procuratorate must keep the contents of the report and the information of the informant strictly confidential.

Article 5 The People’s Procuratorate shall take the following confidentiality measures for reporting duty crimes:

(a) the report shall be accepted by a special person, in a special place or through a special website or telephone, and irrelevant personnel shall not be present.

(two) the clues should be entered into a special computer by a special person, and the password should be strictly managed. Special computers should be physically isolated from the Internet. Without the approval of the attorney general, other staff members may not view it.

(three) the report materials shall be stored in a place that meets the confidentiality requirements, and irrelevant personnel shall not enter.

(4) When reporting clues to the procurator-general, the relevant materials shall be sealed in confidential bags, and the confidential number shall be filled in, which shall be unsealed by the procurator-general himself.

(five) it is strictly prohibited to disclose the contents of the report and the personal information such as the name, address and telephone number of the informant, and it is strictly forbidden to transfer the report materials to the reported person or the reported unit.

(six) when investigating and verifying the situation, it is strictly forbidden to produce the original or photocopy of the report materials; Except for the need of investigation and the approval of the chief procurator, it is strictly forbidden to identify the handwriting of anonymous reporting materials.

(seven) when contacting and replying to an informant through a special reporting website, the inquiry password obtained by the informant at the time of reporting shall be checked, and the reply shall not involve the specific content of the report.

(eight) other security measures that should be taken.

Article 6 After accepting a real-name report, the people’s procuratorate shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, make a comprehensive assessment of the possible risks and their nature, degree and impact, draw up the risk level, and make a plan for the protection of informants according to the determined risk level.

In the process of handling a case, the people’s procuratorate shall adjust the risk level in a timely manner according to the changes in the actual situation.

Article 7 In any of the following circumstances, it is an act of retaliation against an informer:

(1) Violating the personal safety of informants and their close relatives by violence, threat or illegal restriction of personal freedom;

(two) illegal possession or damage to the property of informants and their close relatives;

(three) planting and framing informants and their close relatives;

(4) Insulting or slandering informants and their close relatives;

(five) dismissal, dismissal or dismissal of informants and their close relatives in violation of regulations;

(6) Deducting or disguising the wages, bonuses or other welfare benefits of informants and their close relatives;

(seven) the whistleblower and his close relatives were given disciplinary and administrative sanctions without reason, or deliberately violated the regulations to increase the punishment;

(eight) making things difficult for informants and their close relatives in terms of job promotion, job arrangement, rating assessment, etc.;

(nine) the reasonable application made by the informants and their close relatives should be approved without approval or delay;

(ten) other acts that infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of informants and their close relatives.

Article 8 If an informer and his close relatives suffer or may suffer retaliation after reporting his real name to the People’s Procuratorate and request protection from the People’s Procuratorate, the People’s Procuratorate shall promptly verify it and take the following measures according to different situations:

(1) If the personal and property safety of informants and their close relatives is threatened, necessary protective measures shall be taken in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of these Provisions;

(2) If the whistleblower and his close relatives have been wrongly dealt with due to retaliation, they shall advise the relevant departments to correct them;

(three) informants and their close relatives suffered serious personal injury or heavy property losses due to retaliation, they should coordinate with relevant departments to provide assistance in accordance with the provisions.

If there is evidence that the whistleblower and his close relatives may be subjected to retaliation by the person in charge of the unit, the people’s procuratorate shall ask the relevant unit or individual to make an explanation or explanation. If it should be given organizational treatment or disciplinary action, the people’s procuratorate may transfer relevant evidence and other materials to the organization department and the discipline inspection and supervision organ, and the organization department and the discipline inspection and supervision organ shall handle them in accordance with relevant regulations.

Article 9 If the personal and property safety of informants and their close relatives is threatened, the people’s procuratorate shall take one or more of the following protective measures:

(a) prohibit specific personnel from contacting informants and their close relatives;

(two) to take special protective measures for the person, property and residence of the informants and their close relatives;

(3) Other necessary protective measures.

If the people’s procuratorate needs the assistance of the public security organ in the work of protecting informants, it shall consult the public security organ for handling, and the public security organ shall give assistance within the scope of its duties.

If an informant directly requests protection from the public security organ and emergency measures must be taken, the public security organ shall take emergency measures first and notify the people’s procuratorate that accepted the report in time.

Article 10 If an informer and his near relatives suffer retaliation, resulting in personal injury, reputation damage or property loss, the people’s procuratorate shall support him in making a claim for compensation according to law.

Article 11 If it is really necessary for an informer to testify in a lawsuit, and his or her close relatives are in danger of retaliation for testifying, the people’s procuratorate shall take protective measures to keep personal information such as his or her real name, address and work unit secret, and may use a pseudonym instead of the informer’s personal information in legal documents and evidence materials such as the indictment, inquiry record, etc., but it shall explain the use of the pseudonym in writing, indicate the classification and file it separately.

If the people’s court notifies the reporter as a witness to testify in court, and the reporter and his close relatives are in danger of retaliation for testifying, the people’s procuratorate shall suggest that the people’s court take measures such as not exposing the appearance and true voice of the reporter to testify in court.

Twelfth take revenge or instruct others to take revenge against informants and their close relatives, shall be punished according to discipline; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

If a criminal suspect who has been released on bail pending trial or under residential surveillance retaliates or instigates others to retaliate against informants and their close relatives, the people’s procuratorate shall arrest the criminal suspect according to law. Before deciding to arrest, you can detain first.

Thirteenth people’s Procuratorate’s protection of informants shall be coordinated by the reporting center, and the investigation department, public prosecution department and judicial police department shall strengthen cooperation and jointly do a good job in protection.

Article 14 If the tip-off clue is verified and the reported person constitutes a crime, the real-name tip-off person who actively provides the tip-off clue and assists in solving the case shall be given certain spiritual and material rewards in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

Units that report meritorious service may be rewarded in accordance with relevant state regulations. However, if the reporting unit is a crime unit, it shall comprehensively consider the actual situation of the unit and its role in case detection and other factors to determine whether to give rewards.

Fifteenth people who report meritorious service shall be rewarded according to the relevant provisions of the state. Personal reward methods are honor reward and bonus reward. Honorary awards include awarding flags, certificates, medals, certificates, etc.

Rewards for reporting meritorious units generally take the form of honorary awards.

Article 16 The rewards for informants of duty crimes shall be decided by the people’s procuratorate.

If a bonus is given, the people’s procuratorate shall determine the amount of the bonus according to the nature, circumstances and the value of the reported crime. The bonus amount of each case is generally not more than 200,000 yuan. Informants who have made significant contributions, with the approval of the provincial people’s procuratorate, can be rewarded at more than 200 thousand yuan, with a maximum of 500 thousand yuan. Have a particularly significant contribution, approved by the the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, not subject to the above amount restrictions.

Seventeenth for many people to jointly report the same case, the implementation of a case of a prize, the sum of the reward amount of each meritorious person shall not exceed the upper limit of the reward amount of each case as stipulated in Article 16 of these Provisions.

If more than one person reports the same case successively, in principle, the whistleblower who reports the case first or plays a major role in detecting the case will be rewarded. If the reporting materials provided by other informants play a direct role in detecting cases, they may be rewarded as appropriate.

Eighteenth reward informants, generally should be carried out after the relevant judgment or ruling takes effect.

If the people’s procuratorate decides not to prosecute the informer in accordance with the second paragraph of Article 173 of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), it may decide whether to reward the informer according to the specific circumstances of the case.

Article 19 The reward may be applied by the informant to the reporting center of the people’s procuratorate, or decided by the people’s procuratorate ex officio.

Article 20 The list of persons to be rewarded, the method and amount of rewards shall be put forward by the reporting center of the people’s procuratorate and submitted to the chief procurator for decision.

Twenty-first reporting bonus issued by the people’s Procuratorate reporting center is responsible for. The reporting center may, through appropriate means, notify the winners to collect them at the people’s procuratorate or at a place it deems appropriate. When issuing, there should be more than two prosecutors present.

Twenty-second people’s Procuratorate timely announced to the public the reward work. Involving the disclosure of informer information, it shall obtain the consent of the informer.

Article 23 If an informant who meets the reward conditions dies, is declared dead or loses capacity before receiving the reward, the people’s procuratorate shall distribute the bonus to his successor or guardian.

Twenty-fourth reward funds by the financial sector included in the budget, overall arrangement.

Twenty-fifth people’s procuratorates shall strengthen supervision over the work of reporting rewards. If the reporting center, investigation department, public prosecution department, and planning and financial equipment department find that there are fraudulent and other violations in the reporting and reward work, they shall report to the procurator-general for correction. If the people’s procuratorate at a higher level finds that the people’s procuratorate at a lower level has violated the provisions in reporting rewards, it shall correct it.

Twenty-sixth in any of the following circumstances, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to discipline and law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by judicial organs according to law:

(1) Deliberately or negligently disclosing the name, address, telephone number, report content, etc. of an informer, or transferring the report materials to the informer;

(two) should make a plan for the protection of informants and take protective measures without making or taking them, resulting in serious personal injury or heavy property losses to informants and their close relatives;

(three) interception, embezzlement, misappropriation, misappropriation of reward funds for reporting, or payment of reward funds for reporting in violation of regulations.

Article 27 The term "duty crime" as mentioned in these Provisions refers to the crime of corruption and bribery committed by state functionaries as stipulated in Chapter VIII of the Specific Provisions of the Criminal Law, the crime of dereliction of duty as stipulated in Chapter IX of the Specific Provisions of the Criminal Law, the crime of violating citizens’ personal rights and the crime of infringing citizens’ democratic rights committed by state functionaries by taking advantage of their powers.

Twenty-eighth individuals and units report violations to the discipline inspection and supervision organs, and after the relevant cases are transferred to the people’s procuratorate for investigation due to suspected duty crimes, these Provisions shall apply to the protection of informants.

Article 29 These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing

Notice of the National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief

Guo ban Han [2024] No.11　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

With the consent of the State Council, the revised National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief is hereby issued to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation. The National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief (Guo Ban Han [2016] No.25) approved by the State Council on March 10, 2016 and issued by the General Office of the State Council shall be abolished at the same time.

the General Office of the State Council

January 20, 2024　　

National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief

1 General rules

1.1 Purpose of compilation

1.2 Compilation basis

1.3 Scope of application

1.4 working principles

2 Organization and command system

2.1 National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee

2.2 Office of National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee

2.3 Committee of Experts

3 Disaster relief preparation

4 disaster information report and release

4.1 Disaster information report

4.2 Disaster information release

5 national emergency response

5.1 first-level response

5.2 Secondary response

5.3 Three-level response

5.4 Four-level response

5.5 Adjustment of startup conditions

5.6 Response linkage

5.7 Response Termination

6 post-disaster relief

6.1 transitional life assistance

6.2 Restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses

6.3 winter and spring assistance

7 safeguard measures

7.1 Financial guarantee

7.2 Material support

7.3 Communication and information guarantee

7.4 Equipment and facilities support

7.5 Human resources protection

7.6 Social mobilization guarantee

7.7 Science and technology guarantee

7.8 Publicity and training

8 supplementary provisions

8.1 Interpretation of Terms

8.2 Responsibility and Reward and Punishment

8.3 Plan management

8.4 Reference situation

8.5 implementation time of the plan

1 General rules

1.1 Purpose of compilation

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work, strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work, establish and improve the natural disaster relief system and operation mechanism in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, improve the level of legalization, standardization and modernization of disaster relief work, improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and disaster handling, minimize casualties and property losses, ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people, and maintain social stability in the affected areas.

1.2 Compilation basis

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Flood Control Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Meteorological Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Forest Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Grassland Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Desert Prevention and Control Law, Red Cross Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Natural Disaster Relief, and relevant laws and regulations on overall emergency plan and emergency response.

1.3 Scope of application

This plan is applicable to disaster relief and other work carried out at the national level when serious natural disasters occur in China.

1.4 working principles

Adhere to the people first, life first, and effectively ensure the safety of people’s lives and property in the first place; Adhere to unified command, comprehensive coordination, graded responsibility and territorial management; Adhere to the leadership of the party Committee, the government’s responsibility, social participation, and self-help by the masses, and give full play to the role of grassroots mass autonomous organizations and public welfare social organizations; Adhere to safety first and prevention first, promote the integration of prevention, rescue and disaster relief, achieve efficient and orderly connection, and strengthen the management of the whole process of disaster prevention and rescue.

2 Organization and command system

2.1 National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee

The National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee thoroughly studies and implements the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work, implements the relevant decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, makes overall guidance, coordination and supervision of the national disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work, studies and considers the major policies, major plans, important systems and disaster prevention plans of the country, and is responsible for organizing the implementation and guiding the establishment of a natural disaster prevention and control system; Coordinate and promote the construction of laws and regulations on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, coordinate and solve major problems in disaster prevention and relief, coordinate and carry out publicity, education and training on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and coordinate and carry out international exchanges and cooperation on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief; Complete other tasks assigned by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

The National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee is responsible for coordinating and guiding the disaster relief work throughout the country and coordinating the rescue activities for major natural disasters. Member units of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall do a good job in disaster relief according to their respective responsibilities.

2.2 Office of National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee

The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee is responsible for communication, policy coordination and information notification with relevant departments and localities, organizing disaster consultation and assessment, disaster relief and other work, and coordinating the implementation of relevant supporting policies and measures. Mainly includes:

(1) organize disaster consultation and approval, disaster trend judgment and disaster relief demand assessment;

(2) Coordinate and solve major problems in disaster relief, study and put forward support measures, and promote relevant member units to strengthen work communication with the affected areas;

(3) Dispatch the disaster situation and the progress of disaster relief work, uniformly release the disaster situation and the needs of the affected areas in accordance with relevant regulations, and inform all member units;

(4) to organize and guide the comprehensive assessment of the losses caused by major natural disasters, and urge the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses;

(5) Follow up and urge the implementation of major decision-making arrangements for disaster relief, promote the effective implementation of important support measures, do a good job in the supervision and management of central disaster relief funds and materials, and improve the management system of disaster relief donations and materials.

2.3 Committee of Experts

The National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief has set up an expert committee to provide policy advice and suggestions on major decisions and important plans of national disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work, and to provide advice on disaster assessment, disaster relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction of major national natural disasters.

3 Disaster relief preparation

Meteorology, natural resources, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas, oceans, forestry and grass, earthquakes and other departments timely report disaster warning and forecasting information to the office of the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee and the member units of the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee that perform disaster relief duties, and the natural resources departments provide geographic information data in a timely manner as needed. The Office of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief conducts a pre-assessment of possible disasters according to the disaster early warning and forecasting information, combined with the natural conditions, population and economic and social development of the areas that may be affected. When people’s lives and property may be threatened and their basic lives may be affected, and it is necessary to take countermeasures in advance, one or more of the following measures shall be taken as appropriate:

(1) to inform the disaster prevention and mitigation committees or emergency management departments of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) that may be affected, and put forward the requirements for disaster relief preparations;

(2) Strengthen emergency watch, closely follow the change and development trend of disaster risk, dynamically evaluate the possible losses caused by disasters, and adjust relevant measures in time;

(3) Prepare disaster relief materials and allocate them in advance in case of emergency. Start the emergency linkage mechanism with transportation, railways, civil aviation and other departments and units, and prepare for the dispatch of relief materials;

(4) Send a working group in advance to learn about disaster risks on the spot and inspect and guide the preparations for disaster relief;

(5) According to the needs of the work, inform the member units of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee about the preparations for disaster relief, and report the important information to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in time;

(6) release early warning and related work to the society.

4 disaster information report and release

The emergency management departments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the information submission of sudden disasters, and the relevant provisions of the Statistical Investigation System of Natural Disasters and the Statistical Investigation System of Particularly Serious Natural Disasters, do a good job in the statistical submission, verification and evaluation of disaster information, consultation and approval, and information sharing among departments.

4.1 Disaster information report

4.1.1 Local emergency management departments at all levels should strictly implement the responsibility of disaster information reporting, improve the work system, standardize the work flow, ensure timely, accurate and comprehensive disaster information reporting, and resolutely put an end to late reporting, concealment, omission and false reporting of disaster information.

4.1.2 Local emergency management departments at all levels shall, after receiving the disaster incident report, report to the Party committee and government at the corresponding level and the superior emergency management department within the prescribed time limit. The relevant disaster-related departments of the people’s government at the county level shall promptly notify the emergency management department at the same level of the disaster situation in this industry. After receiving the report of serious natural disasters, the local emergency management departments at all levels should report to the Party committee and government at the same level and the superior emergency management department at the first time, and report to the emergency management department in time by telephone or the national emergency command integrated business system.

4.1.3 The disaster information summarized and reported through the national natural disaster disaster management system shall be submitted in accordance with the provisions of the Statistical Investigation System of Natural Disasters and the Statistical Investigation System of Particularly Serious Natural Disasters, and the first report shall be fast and the verification report shall be accurate. In case of special emergency (such as power failure, disconnection, network disconnection, etc.), it can be reported by satellite phone, fax, etc. first, and then it can be reported by the system in time.

4.1.4 After sudden disasters such as earthquakes, mountain torrents and geological disasters, if it is difficult to identify the information related to the dead and missing persons, the emergency management department in the affected areas should report the information at the first time according to the principle of "reporting first and then verifying it according to the identification results".

4.1.5 The emergency management departments in the disaster-stricken areas should establish the information comparison mechanism of the dead and missing persons due to the disaster, and actively communicate and coordinate with the departments of public security, natural resources, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas, health and health; For disasters that cause heavy casualties, information comparison and inter-regional and inter-departmental consultations will be carried out in a timely manner. If the data between departments are inconsistent or qualitatively controversial, it shall jointly carry out investigation with relevant departments and issue an investigation report, which shall be reported to the Party committee and government at the corresponding level and copied to the emergency management department at the next higher level.

4.1.6 Before the serious natural disasters are stabilized, the relevant local emergency management departments at all levels shall implement the 24-hour zero reporting system and report it to the superior emergency management departments step by step. After the disaster situation is stable, the emergency management departments in the affected areas should promptly organize relevant departments and experts to carry out disaster verification, objectively and accurately verify all kinds of disaster losses, and timely organize reporting.

4.1.7 For drought disasters, local emergency management departments at all levels should report the disaster situation at the beginning of the drought and when people’s production and life are affected to some extent; In the process of drought development, the disaster situation should be reported at least once every 10 days until the disaster situation is lifted; After the disaster is relieved, report it in time.

4.1.8 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the disaster consultation system, and the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief committees or emergency management departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall timely organize relevant disaster-related departments to carry out disaster consultation, report disaster information, comprehensively and objectively evaluate and verify the disaster situation, and ensure that the disaster data of all departments are consistent. Disaster information such as disaster losses should be promptly notified to the relevant member units of the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief Committee at the corresponding level.

4.2 Disaster information release

The release of disaster information adheres to the principles of seeking truth from facts, timeliness, accuracy, openness and transparency. Release forms include authorized release, organization of reports, interviews with reporters, and holding press conferences. People’s governments in disaster-stricken areas should take the initiative to release information through emergency broadcasting, emergency early warning information release system, key news websites or government websites, Weibo, WeChat and clients. Radio and television administrative departments at all levels and relevant units should cooperate with emergency management departments to do a good job in early warning and forecasting, disaster and other information release.

Before the disaster is stabilized, the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief committee or emergency management department of the people’s government at or above the county level in the disaster-stricken area shall timely release to the society the casualties, property losses, and the dynamics, effectiveness and next steps of rescue work; After the disaster situation is stable, it should be timely evaluated, approved and released according to relevant regulations.

If there are other provisions in laws and regulations on the verification and release of disasters, those provisions shall prevail.

5 national emergency response

According to the degree of harm of natural disasters, the needs of disaster relief work and other factors, the national emergency response to natural disasters is divided into level one, level two, level three and level four. The first level of response is the highest.

5.1 first-level response

5.1.1 Starting conditions

(a) the occurrence of major natural disasters, a disaster process or through consultation and judgment may occur in one of the following circumstances, can start a response:

(1) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) with more than 200 deaths and missing persons (including this number, the same below) can start the response, and its neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with more than 160 deaths and missing persons but less than 200 people can start the linkage;

(2) More than 2 million people in one province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) need emergency resettlement and emergency living assistance;

(3) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) collapsed and seriously damaged 300,000 houses or more than 100,000 houses;

(4) Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for more than 30% or more than 4 million of the agricultural and animal husbandry population in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government).

(two) other matters that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council think need to start the first-level response.

5.1.2 Start-up procedure

After the disaster, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, after analysis and evaluation, found that the disaster reached the starting conditions, and put forward suggestions for starting the first-level response to the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, which reported to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for decision. When necessary, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council directly decided to start the first-level response.

5.1.3 Response measures

The director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee organizes and coordinates disaster relief work at the national level, and guides and supports disaster relief work in the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). The National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and its member units shall take the following measures:

(1) discuss and judge the disaster situation and disaster relief situation, study and deploy disaster relief work, make decisions on major issues to guide and support disaster relief in the affected areas, and report relevant information to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in a timely manner.

(2) send a working group composed of relevant departments to the disaster-stricken areas to guide disaster relief work, verify the disaster situation and express condolences to the affected people. According to the disaster situation and the needs of disaster relief work, the emergency management department can send an early working group to the disaster-stricken areas to guide the disaster relief work.

(3) Summarize the disaster situation. The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee timely grasps the dynamic information of the disaster situation and disaster relief work, uniformly releases the disaster situation in accordance with relevant regulations, and timely releases the needs of the affected areas. The relevant member units of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall share information on the disaster situation, the needs of the affected areas and the dynamics of disaster relief work, and report the relevant information to the Office of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief every day. When necessary, the expert committee of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee shall organize experts to carry out the development trend of the disaster situation and the needs assessment of the affected areas.

(4) Allocate relief funds and materials. The Ministry of Finance, together with the Emergency Management Department, quickly launched the mechanism of rapid allocation of central disaster relief funds, and timely pre-allocated central natural disaster relief funds according to the preliminarily judged disaster situation. After the disaster situation is stable, the local application and emergency management department shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, carry out liquidation on the approved situation of the disaster situation and support the disaster relief work. The National Development and Reform Commission timely issued the investment in the central budget for post-disaster emergency recovery and reconstruction. The Emergency Management Department shall, jointly with the State Grain and Reserve Bureau, urgently allocate relief materials for central life, guide and supervise the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grass-roots level and the distribution of relief funds and materials. Transportation, railway, civil aviation and other departments and units coordinate and guide the work of disaster relief materials, personnel transportation and rapid repair of important passages, give full play to the role of logistics guarantee and smooth working mechanism, and ensure the smooth transportation of all kinds of disaster relief materials and timely transshipment of personnel.

(5) invest in disaster relief forces. The emergency management department quickly dispatched the national comprehensive fire rescue team and professional rescue team to put into disaster relief work, and actively helped the affected areas to transfer the affected people and deliver relief materials. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council urged the central enterprises to actively participate in emergency rescue, infrastructure repair and recovery, and fully support the disaster relief work. The Central Social Work Department gives overall guidance to relevant departments and units, and coordinates and organizes voluntary service forces to participate in disaster relief work. Relevant units of the armed forces shall, at the request of relevant state departments and local people’s governments, organize and coordinate the PLA, armed police forces and militia to participate in disaster relief and assist the people’s governments in disaster-stricken areas in disaster relief.

(6) Resettlement of the affected people. The Emergency Management Department shall, jointly with relevant departments, guide the affected areas to make overall arrangements for the affected people, strengthen the management services of centralized resettlement sites, and ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people. The National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention timely organized medical and health teams to go to the disaster-stricken areas to assist in health emergency work such as medical treatment, post-disaster epidemic prevention and psychological assistance.

(7) restore order in the affected areas. The Ministry of Public Security guides the strengthening of public security and road traffic emergency management in the disaster-stricken areas. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the State Grain and Reserve Bureau and other relevant departments should do a good job in ensuring market supply and preventing price fluctuations. The Emergency Management Department, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organize and coordinate the production and supply of relief materials and equipment, protection and disinfection supplies, medicines and medical devices. The General Administration of Financial Supervision shall guide the insurance claims and financial support services in the disaster-stricken areas.

(8) Repair the infrastructure. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development guides the safety emergency assessment of post-disaster housing construction and municipal infrastructure projects. The Ministry of Water Resources guides the restoration of water conservancy and hydropower engineering facilities in the affected areas, the use and compensation of flood storage and detention areas, water supply in the water conservancy industry and emergency water supply in villages and towns. The National Energy Administration shall guide the restoration of hydropower projects and emergency protection of electric power within the scope of supervision.

(9) Provide technical support. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organizes emergency communication support in disaster-stricken areas. The Ministry of Natural Resources provides geographic information data of the disaster-stricken areas in time, organizes emergency mapping such as on-site image acquisition of the disaster-stricken areas, carries out disaster monitoring and spatial analysis, and provides emergency mapping support services. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment timely monitors the destruction, pollution and changes of the ecological environment caused by disasters, and carries out investigation and evaluation of the ecological environment in the affected areas.

(10) Start disaster relief donation. The Emergency Management Department, together with the Ministry of Civil Affairs, organizes nationwide disaster relief donation activities to guide social organizations with disaster relief purposes to strengthen the management, distribution and use of donated funds and materials; To handle international assistance from foreign governments and international organizations to our central government in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the General Administration of Customs and other relevant departments and units. The Red Cross Society of China has carried out relevant disaster relief work in accordance with the law and carried out activities such as disaster relief fund-raising.

(11) Strengthen news propaganda. The Central Propaganda Department is responsible for news propaganda and public opinion guidance, guiding relevant departments and localities to establish a management mechanism for news release and media interview services, organizing news conferences in a timely manner, and coordinating and guiding media at all levels to do a good job in news propaganda. The Central Network Information Office, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, etc. organize news reports and public opinion guidance according to their duties.

(12) Carry out loss assessment. After the disaster is stabilized, according to the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on disaster assessment and recovery and reconstruction, the Emergency Management Department, together with relevant departments of the State Council, will guide the people’s governments of the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to organize and carry out comprehensive disaster loss assessment, and uniformly release disaster losses according to relevant regulations.

(13) Other members of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, do a good job in relevant work.

(14) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee timely summarizes the disaster relief work carried out by various departments and reports to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council according to procedures.

5.2 Secondary response

5.2.1 Starting conditions

Major natural disasters occur, and one of the following circumstances may occur in the course of a disaster or after consultation and judgment, the secondary response can be initiated:

(1) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) with more than 100 people dead and missing but less than 200 people (excluding this number, the same below) can start the response, and its neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with more than 80 people dead and missing but less than 100 people can start the linkage;

(2) One province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) has more than 1 million people and less than 2 million people who need emergency living assistance;

(3) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) collapsed and seriously damaged 200,000 or more houses, 300,000 or less than 100,000 houses;

(4) Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for more than 25% and less than 30% of the agricultural and animal husbandry population in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) or more than 3 million and less than 4 million.

5.2.2 Start-up procedure

After the disaster, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, after analysis and evaluation, found that the disaster reached the starting conditions, put forward a proposal to start the secondary response to the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, and the deputy director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee (the main responsible comrade of the Emergency Management Department) reported it to the director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee for decision.

5.2.3 Response measures

The deputy director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee (the main responsible comrade of the Emergency Management Department) organizes and coordinates the disaster relief work at the national level, and guides and supports the disaster relief work in the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). The National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and its member units shall take the following measures:

(1) discuss and judge the disaster situation and disaster relief situation, study and implement disaster relief support policies and measures, and report important information to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in a timely manner.

(2) send a working group composed of relevant departments to the disaster-stricken areas to guide disaster relief work, verify the disaster situation and express condolences to the affected people.

(3) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee timely grasps the dynamic information of the disaster situation and disaster relief work, uniformly releases the disaster situation in accordance with relevant regulations, and timely releases the needs of the affected areas. The relevant member units of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall share information on the disaster situation, the needs of the affected areas and the dynamics of disaster relief work, and report the relevant information to the Office of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief every day. When necessary, the expert committee of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall organize experts to carry out disaster development trends and needs assessment of the affected areas.

(4) The Ministry of Finance, together with the Emergency Management Department, quickly launched the mechanism of rapid allocation of central disaster relief funds, and timely pre-allocated central natural disaster relief funds according to the preliminarily judged disaster situation. After the disaster situation is stable, the local application and emergency management department shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, carry out liquidation on the approved situation of the disaster situation and support the disaster relief work. The National Development and Reform Commission timely issued the investment in the central budget for post-disaster emergency recovery and reconstruction. The Emergency Management Department shall, jointly with the State Grain and Reserve Bureau, urgently allocate relief materials for central life, guide and supervise the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grass-roots level and the distribution of relief funds and materials. Transportation, railway, civil aviation and other departments and units coordinate and guide the work of disaster relief materials, personnel transportation and rapid repair of important passages, give full play to the role of logistics guarantee and smooth working mechanism, and ensure the smooth transportation of all kinds of disaster relief materials and timely transshipment of personnel.

(5) The Emergency Management Department quickly dispatched the national comprehensive fire rescue team and professional rescue team to put into disaster relief work, and actively helped the affected areas to transfer the affected people and deliver and distribute relief materials. Relevant units of the armed forces shall, at the request of relevant state departments and local people’s governments, organize and coordinate the PLA, armed police forces and militia to participate in disaster relief and assist the people’s governments in disaster-stricken areas in disaster relief.

(6) The National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention shall, according to the needs, promptly send medical and health teams to the disaster-stricken areas to assist in health emergency work such as medical treatment, post-disaster epidemic prevention and psychological assistance. The Ministry of Natural Resources provides geographic information data of the disaster-stricken areas in time, organizes emergency mapping such as on-site image acquisition of the disaster-stricken areas, carries out disaster monitoring and spatial analysis, and provides emergency mapping support services. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council urged central enterprises to actively participate in emergency rescue, infrastructure repair and recovery. The General Administration of Financial Supervision shall guide the insurance claims and financial support services in the disaster-stricken areas.

(7) The Emergency Management Department and the Ministry of Civil Affairs shall guide the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to carry out disaster relief donation activities. The Central Social Work Department gives overall guidance to relevant departments and units, and coordinates and organizes voluntary service forces to participate in disaster relief work. The Red Cross Society of China has carried out relevant disaster relief work in accordance with the law and carried out activities such as disaster relief fund-raising.

(8) The Central Propaganda Department is responsible for news propaganda and public opinion guidance as a whole, guiding relevant departments and localities to organize press conferences in a timely manner as appropriate, and coordinating and guiding media at all levels to do a good job in news propaganda. The Central Network Information Office, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, etc. organize news reports and public opinion guidance according to their duties.

(9) After the disaster situation is stable, the people’s governments of the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall organize a comprehensive assessment of disaster losses and submit the assessment results to the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief in a timely manner. The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee organizes and approves and uniformly issues disaster losses according to relevant regulations.

(10) Other members of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, do a good job in relevant work.

(11) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee timely summarizes and reports the disaster relief work carried out by various departments.

5.3 Three-level response

5.3.1 Starting conditions

Major natural disasters occur, and one of the following circumstances may occur in the course of a disaster or after consultation and judgment, a three-level response can be initiated:

(1) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) with more than 50 dead and missing persons and less than 100 people can start the response, and its neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with more than 40 dead and missing persons and less than 50 people can start the linkage;

(2) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) has more than 500,000 people and less than 1 million people who need emergency living assistance;

(3) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) collapses and seriously damages 100,000 or more than 30,000 houses, 200,000 or less than 70,000 houses;

(4) Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for more than 20% and less than 25% of the agricultural and animal husbandry population in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) or more than 2 million and less than 3 million.

5.3.2 Startup procedure

After the disaster, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, after analysis and evaluation, determined that the disaster reached the starting conditions, put forward a proposal to start the three-level response to the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, and the deputy director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee (the main responsible comrade of the Emergency Management Department) decided to start the three-level response and reported it to the director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee.

5.3.3 Response measures

The deputy director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee (the main responsible comrade of the Emergency Management Department) or the deputy director of the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee entrusted by him (the responsible comrade of the Emergency Management Department) organizes and coordinates the disaster relief work at the national level, and guides and supports the disaster relief work of the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). The National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and its member units shall take the following measures:

(1) The Office of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief organizes relevant member units and affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to analyze the disaster situation, study and implement disaster relief support policies and measures, and report relevant information to the director and deputy director of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief in a timely manner and notify relevant member units.

(2) send a working group composed of relevant departments to the disaster-stricken areas to guide disaster relief work, verify the disaster situation and express condolences to the affected people.

(3) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee timely grasps and uniformly releases the dynamic information of disaster situation and relief work in accordance with relevant regulations.

(4) The Ministry of Finance, together with the Emergency Management Department, quickly launched the mechanism of rapid allocation of central disaster relief funds, and timely pre-allocated some central natural disaster relief funds according to the preliminarily judged disaster situation. After the disaster situation is stable, the local application and emergency management department shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, carry out liquidation on the approved situation of the disaster situation and support the disaster relief work. The National Development and Reform Commission timely issued the investment in the central budget for post-disaster emergency recovery and reconstruction. The Emergency Management Department shall, jointly with the State Grain and Reserve Bureau, urgently allocate relief materials for central life, guide and supervise the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grass-roots level and the distribution of relief funds and materials. Transportation, railway, civil aviation and other departments and units coordinate and guide the work of disaster relief materials, personnel transportation and rapid repair of important passages, give full play to the role of logistics guarantee and smooth working mechanism, and ensure the smooth transportation of all kinds of disaster relief materials and timely transshipment of personnel.

(5) The Emergency Management Department quickly dispatched the national comprehensive fire rescue team and professional rescue team to put into disaster relief work, and actively helped the affected areas to transfer the affected people and deliver and distribute relief materials. Relevant units of the armed forces shall, at the request of relevant state departments and local people’s governments, organize and coordinate the PLA, armed police forces and militia to participate in disaster relief and assist the people’s governments in disaster-stricken areas in disaster relief.

(6) The National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention guide the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to do a good job in health emergency work such as medical treatment, post-disaster epidemic prevention and psychological assistance. The General Administration of Financial Supervision shall guide the insurance claims and financial support services in the disaster-stricken areas.

(7) The Central Social Work Department coordinates and guides relevant departments and units, and organizes voluntary service forces to participate in disaster relief. The Red Cross Society of China carries out relevant disaster relief work according to law. The affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) organize disaster relief donation activities in a standardized and orderly manner according to needs.

(8) After the disaster situation is stable, the Emergency Management Department shall guide the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to assess and verify the disaster losses.

(9) Other members of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, do a good job in relevant work.

5.4 Four-level response

5.4.1 Starting conditions

Major natural disasters occur, and one of the following circumstances may occur in the course of a disaster or in consultation and judgment, and a four-level response can be initiated:

(1) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) has more than 20 deaths and less than 50 missing persons;

(2) One province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) has more than 100,000 people and less than 500,000 people who need emergency living assistance;

(3) A province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) collapses and seriously damages 10,000 or more houses, and 100,000 or less houses;

(4) Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for more than 15% and less than 20% of the agricultural and animal husbandry population in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) or more than 1 million and less than 2 million.

5.4.2 Start-up procedure

After the disaster, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, after analysis and evaluation, found that the disaster reached the starting conditions, and the deputy director of the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee (the responsible comrade of the emergency management department) decided to start the four-level response and reported it to the deputy director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee (the main responsible comrade of the emergency management department).

5.4.3 Response measures

The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee organizes and coordinates disaster relief work at the national level, and guides and supports disaster relief work in the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). The National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and its member units shall take the following measures:

(1) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee organizes relevant departments and units to analyze the disaster situation, study and implement disaster relief support policies and measures, and report the relevant information to the director and deputy director of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee in a timely manner and notify relevant member units.

(2) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee sent a working group to the disaster-stricken areas to assist and guide local disaster relief work, verify the disaster situation and express condolences to the affected people. When necessary, a joint working group may be formed by the relevant departments.

(3) The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee timely grasps and uniformly releases the dynamic information of disaster situation and relief work in accordance with relevant regulations.

(4) The Ministry of Finance, together with the Emergency Management Department, quickly launched the mechanism of rapid allocation of central disaster relief funds, and timely pre-allocated some central natural disaster relief funds according to the preliminarily judged disaster situation. After the disaster situation is stable, the local application and emergency management department shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, carry out liquidation on the approved situation of the disaster situation and support the disaster relief work. The National Development and Reform Commission timely issued the investment in the central budget for post-disaster emergency recovery and reconstruction. The Emergency Management Department shall, jointly with the State Grain and Reserve Bureau, urgently allocate relief materials for central life, guide and supervise the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grass-roots level and the distribution of relief funds and materials. Transportation, railway, civil aviation and other departments and units coordinate and guide the work of disaster relief materials, personnel transportation and rapid repair of important passages, give full play to the role of logistics guarantee and smooth working mechanism, and ensure the smooth transportation of all kinds of disaster relief materials and timely transshipment of personnel.

(5) The Emergency Management Department quickly dispatched the national comprehensive fire rescue team and professional rescue team to put into disaster relief work, and actively helped the affected areas to transfer the affected people and deliver and distribute relief materials. Relevant units of the armed forces shall, at the request of relevant state departments and local people’s governments, organize and coordinate the PLA, armed police forces and militia to participate in disaster relief and assist the people’s governments in disaster-stricken areas in disaster relief.

(6) The National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention guide the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to do a good job in health emergency work such as medical treatment, post-disaster epidemic prevention and psychological assistance.

(7) Other members of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, do a good job in relevant work.

5.5 Adjustment of startup conditions

When the disaster occurs in sensitive areas, old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas, underdeveloped areas and other special circumstances, or when the disaster has a significant impact on the economy and society of the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), the relevant emergency response start conditions can be reduced as appropriate.

5.6 Response linkage

For those who have started the national emergency response for flood control and drought relief against typhoons, earthquakes, geological disasters and forest and grassland fires, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee should strengthen the consultation on the disaster situation, and if necessary, start the national emergency response for natural disaster relief in accordance with the provisions of this plan.

If a province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) initiates the emergency response of natural disaster relief at or above the provincial level, it shall promptly report to the Emergency Management Department. After the national emergency response to natural disaster relief is started, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and the Emergency Management Department inform the relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) that the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) involved should immediately start the provincial emergency response to natural disaster relief, strengthen consultation and judgment, and make timely adjustments according to the development and changes of the disaster situation.

5.7 Response Termination

After the emergency work of disaster relief, the office of the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee made a suggestion to terminate the response according to the corresponding authority to start the response.

6 post-disaster relief

6.1 transitional life assistance

6.1.1 After the emergency work of disaster relief, the emergency management department of the disaster-stricken area shall timely organize the people who need to be restored and rebuilt due to the collapse or serious damage of the disaster-stricken houses, those who cannot return home due to the threat of secondary disasters, and those who are seriously short of sources of livelihood due to disaster losses to be included in the scope of transitional life assistance.

6.1.2 For the disasters that start the emergency response of national natural disaster relief, the Office of the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee and the Emergency Management Department should guide the emergency management departments in the affected areas to make statistics on the living assistance needs of the affected people during the transition period, make clear the scale of the people who need assistance, establish a ledger in time, and make statistics on the needs of living assistance materials.

6.1.3 According to the application for funds from the provincial finance and emergency management departments and the scale of people needing assistance, the Ministry of Finance and the emergency management department will issue transitional life assistance funds according to relevant policies and regulations. The emergency management department shall guide the personnel verification and fund distribution of life assistance during the transition period, and urge the affected people to do a good job in basic life support during the transition period.

6.1.4 The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, the Emergency Management Department and the Ministry of Finance shall supervise and inspect the implementation of policies and measures for life assistance in the transitional period in the affected areas, and inform the relief work as appropriate.

6.2 Restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses

6.2.1 The people’s governments at the county level in the disaster-stricken areas shall be responsible for organizing and implementing the restoration and reconstruction of houses damaged by disasters, providing financial support, formulating and improving the relevant standards and norms for the management of subsidy funds for the restoration and reconstruction of houses damaged by disasters, and ensuring that the subsidy funds are distributed to the affected people in a standardized and orderly manner.

6.2.2 The funds for restoration and reconstruction shall be solved through various channels such as government assistance, social mutual assistance, self-financing and preferential policies, and the restoration and reconstruction shall be encouraged through the ways of helping workers and materials in the neighborhood and giving relief to work. Actively play the role of commercial insurance in economic compensation, develop urban and rural residential earthquake catastrophe insurance, rural housing insurance, disaster and people’s livelihood insurance and other related insurance, improve the market-based fund-raising mechanism for recovery and reconstruction, and help solve the basic housing problems of the affected people.

6.2.3 Restoration and reconstruction planning and housing design should respect the wishes of the masses, strengthen the transformation and application of the results of the national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters, determine the scheme according to local conditions, scientifically arrange the project site selection, and rationally arrange the layout to avoid earthquake fault zones, flood disaster high-risk areas, geological disaster hidden points, etc., and avoid extremely high and high-risk areas of geological disasters. If it is impossible to avoid the extremely high and high-risk areas of geological disasters, engineering prevention measures must be taken to improve the ability to resist disasters and ensure safety.

6.2.4 For disasters that start the national emergency response to natural disaster relief, the emergency management department will organize an assessment team according to the approved situation of damaged houses by the provincial emergency management department, and refer to the assessment data of other disaster management departments to make a comprehensive assessment of the damaged houses due to the disaster, so as to make clear the scale of the rescue objects that need to be restored and rebuilt.

6.2.5 According to the application for funds from the provincial finance and emergency management departments and the scale of the aid objects that need to be restored and rebuilt, the Ministry of Finance and the emergency management department will issue subsidies for housing restoration and reconstruction damaged by disasters according to relevant policies and regulations.

6.2.6 After the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses, the local emergency management department shall conduct performance evaluation on the management and use of subsidy funds for the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses due to disasters by means of on-the-spot investigation and sampling investigation, and report the evaluation results to the first-level emergency management department. After receiving the performance evaluation report from the provincial emergency management department, the emergency management department conducts performance evaluation on the management and use of subsidy funds for housing restoration and reconstruction damaged by disasters nationwide through spot checks.

6.2.7 The housing and urban-rural construction department shall be responsible for the technical services and guidance for the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses, and strengthen the quality and safety management. The natural resources department is responsible for the geological disaster risk assessment and review of post-disaster reconstruction projects, and guiding local governments to do necessary comprehensive management according to the assessment conclusions; Do a good job in land space planning, planning and land consolidation, and at the same time do a good job in building site selection, speed up the examination and approval of land use and planning, and simplify the examination and approval procedures. Other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, formulate preferential policies to support housing restoration and reconstruction.

6.3 winter and spring assistance

6.3.1 The people’s governments in the affected areas are responsible for solving the basic living difficulties of the affected people in the winter of the year and the spring of the following year after the disaster. The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee, the Emergency Management Department and the Ministry of Finance strengthen overall guidance according to the relevant arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and local emergency management departments and financial departments at all levels do a good job in implementation.

6.3.2 The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee and the Emergency Management Department carry out an investigation on the living difficulties of the affected people in winter and spring in late September every year, and jointly with the provincial emergency management department, carry out an assessment of the living difficulties of the affected people, verify the situation, and clarify the scale of the people in need of assistance throughout the country.

6.3.3 County-level emergency management departments in disaster-stricken areas should make statistics and evaluate the basic living assistance needs of the affected people in their respective administrative areas in the winter of that year and the spring of the following year before the end of October each year, verify the rescue personnel, prepare the work account, formulate the rescue work plan, organize the implementation after being approved by the Party committee and government at the corresponding level, and report it to the emergency management department at the next higher level for the record.

6.3.4 According to the application for funds from provincial finance and emergency management departments and the scale of people in need of assistance nationwide, the Ministry of Finance, together with the emergency management department, will issue central winter and spring relief funds in accordance with relevant policies and regulations, which will be specially used to help solve the basic living difficulties of the affected people in winter and spring.

6.3.5 Local emergency management departments at all levels shall, jointly with relevant departments, organize the allocation and distribution of materials such as clothes and quilts, and the emergency management department shall, jointly with the Ministry of Finance and the State Grain and Reserve Bureau, allocate central relief materials to support them according to local applications.

7 safeguard measures

7.1 Financial guarantee

7.1.1 Local party committees and governments at or above the county level will incorporate disaster relief into the national economic and social development plan, establish and improve the fund and material guarantee mechanism that is suitable for disaster relief needs, and incorporate natural disaster relief funds and disaster relief funds into the fiscal budget.

7.1.2 Every year, the central finance comprehensively considers the disaster prediction of relevant departments and the actual expenditure of the previous year, rationally arranges the central natural disaster relief fund budget, supports local party committees and governments to perform the main responsibilities of natural disaster relief, and is used to organize and carry out disaster relief for major natural disasters and relief for the affected people.

7.1.3 The Ministry of Finance and the Emergency Management Department shall establish and improve the rapid allocation mechanism of central disaster relief funds, and pre-allocate disaster relief funds according to the disaster situation and the progress of disaster relief work, in accordance with the principle of timely, rapid and full guarantee, so as to meet the urgent need for disaster relief funds in the affected areas. After the disaster situation is stable, the pre-allocated funds will be liquidated in time. The National Development and Reform Commission timely issued the investment in the central budget for post-disaster emergency recovery and reconstruction.

7.1.4 The central and local people’s governments at all levels shall, according to factors such as the level of economic and social development and the cost of living assistance for natural disasters, adjust the natural disaster relief policies and relevant subsidy standards in a timely manner, and make efforts to solve the urgent problems and worries of the affected people.

7.2 Material support

7.2.1 Make full use of the existing national reserve storage resources, and rationally plan and build the central disaster relief material storage; People’s governments at or above the municipal level with districts, people’s governments at the county level in disaster-prone areas, and people’s governments at townships in areas with inconvenient transportation or high risk levels of disasters and accidents should set up disaster relief material reserves (points) according to the characteristics of disasters, the number and distribution of residents, and the principle of reasonable layout and moderate scale. Optimize the layout of disaster relief materials storage, improve the storage conditions, facilities and functions of disaster relief materials storage, and form a disaster relief materials storage network. The construction of disaster relief materials storage (points) should consider the needs of emergency disposal, emergency rescue and disaster relief in various industries as a whole.

7.2.2 Make a plan for ensuring disaster relief materials, and scientifically and reasonably determine the variety and scale of reserves. The people’s governments at the provincial, city, county and township levels should refer to the requirements of the central emergency materials and combine the characteristics of disasters and accidents in the region to reserve relief materials that can meet the requirements of starting the second-level response in their respective administrative areas, and leave safety redundancy. Establish and improve the procurement and reserve system of disaster relief materials, and replenish and update disaster relief materials in a timely manner according to the needs of dealing with serious natural disasters every year. According to the principle of combining physical reserves with capacity reserves, we will improve the capacity of enterprises and optimize the capacity layout of disaster relief materials. Relying on the national emergency resource management platform, build a database of important disaster relief materials production enterprises. Establish and improve the centralized production scheduling and emergency procurement and supply mechanism under emergency conditions, and enhance the social synergy ability of disaster relief material support.

7.2.3 Rely on the central, regional and provincial backbone libraries of emergency management, grain and reserve departments to establish relief materials dispatching and distribution centers. Establish and improve the emergency allocation and transportation system of disaster relief materials, equip transportation vehicles and equipment, optimize the connection of warehousing and transportation, and enhance the frontier delivery capacity of disaster relief materials. Give full play to the working mechanism of logistics at all levels to improve the efficiency of loading, unloading and circulation of disaster relief materials. Strengthen the level of emergency transportation, establish strategic cooperation with logistics enterprises with high degree of marketization and strong distribution ability, and explore and promote the construction of unitized storage and transportation capacity of disaster relief materials.

7.2.4 Formulate and improve the catalogue of disaster relief materials, quality and technical standards, construction and management standards of storage depots (points), and strengthen the information management of the whole process of disaster relief materials support. Establish and improve the compensation mechanism for emergency requisition of disaster relief materials.

7.3 Communication and information guarantee

7.3.1 The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will improve the national emergency communication guarantee system, enhance the resilience of communication networks to disaster and destruction, strengthen the preset of emergency communication equipment at the grass-roots level, and improve the emergency communication ability in disaster-stricken areas.

7.3.2 Strengthen the construction of national natural disaster management system, guide local governments to build and manage emergency communication networks based on emergency broadband VSAT satellite networks and combat readiness emergency short-wave networks, and ensure that party committees at all levels at the central and local levels and relevant command institutions of the government and the army can grasp major disasters in a timely and accurate manner.

7.3.3 Make full use of existing resources and equipment, improve the disaster situation and data sharing platform, improve the disaster sharing mechanism, and strengthen the timely sharing of data. Strengthen the information construction of disaster relief work.

7.4 Equipment and facilities support

7.4.1 The relevant member units of the National Committee for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief shall coordinate to equip the grass-roots units with the necessary equipment for disaster relief. Local party committees and governments at or above the county level should configure and improve facilities, equipment and systems such as dispatch and command, consultation and judgment, and business support, equip key disaster prevention areas and high-risk towns and villages with necessary equipment, and enhance the ability of self-help and mutual rescue at the grassroots level.

7.4.2 Local party committees and governments at or above the county level shall, according to the development plan, the overall planning of land and space, and in combination with the number and distribution of residents, make overall plans to promote the planning, construction and management of emergency shelters, clarify relevant technical standards, make overall plans to use public facilities and space such as schools, parks, squares, cultural and sports venues to build comprehensive emergency shelters, scientifically and reasonably determine the number, scale, grade category, service radius, facilities and materials allocation indicators of emergency shelters, and so on. Special emergency shelters can be planned and built in disaster-prone areas.

7.4.3 After the disaster happens, local party committees and governments at or above the county level should open all kinds of emergency shelters in time according to the situation, scientifically set up resettlement sites for the affected people, avoid flash floods, hidden dangers of geological disasters and other dangerous areas, and avoid secondary disasters. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of fire safety, health care, epidemic prevention and disinfection, food safety and public security in resettlement sites to ensure the safety and order of resettlement sites.

7.5 Human resources protection

7.5.1 Strengthen the construction of various professional disaster relief teams and disaster management personnel to improve disaster relief capabilities. Support, cultivate and develop relevant social organizations, social workers and volunteers, and encourage and guide them to play an active role in disaster relief work.

7.5.2 Organize experts in emergency management, natural resources, housing and urban construction, ecological environment, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas, commerce, health, forestry and grass, earthquake, fire rescue, meteorology, electric power, Red Cross and other aspects, focusing on disaster consultation, on-site assessment in disaster-stricken areas and business consultation on disaster management.

7.5.3 Implement the disaster information officer training system, and establish and improve the disaster information officer team covering provinces, cities, counties, towns (streets) and villages (communities). Villagers’ committees, residents’ committees and enterprises and institutions shall set up full-time or part-time disaster information officers.

7.6 Social mobilization guarantee

7.6.1 Establish and improve the collaborative linkage mechanism for disaster relief, and guide social forces to participate in an orderly manner.

7.6.2 Improve the aid counterpart support mechanism for non-disaster areas to support disaster areas and light disaster areas to support severe disaster areas.

7.6.3 Improve the disaster emergency rescue platform, guide social forces and the public to carry out related activities through the platform, continuously optimize the platform functions, and continuously improve the platform capabilities.

7.6.4 Scientific organization and effective guidance, giving full play to the role of township party committees and governments, neighborhood offices, villagers’ committees, residents’ committees, enterprises and institutions, social organizations, social workers and volunteers in disaster relief.

7.7 Science and technology guarantee

7.7.1 Establish and improve earth monitoring systems such as emergency disaster reduction satellites, meteorological satellites, marine satellites, resource satellites and aerial remote sensing, develop ground application systems and aviation platform systems, and establish an integrated disaster monitoring and early warning, analysis and evaluation and emergency decision support system based on technologies such as remote sensing, geographic information system, simulation and computer network. Carry out demonstration and training of local space technology for disaster reduction.

7.7.2 Organize experts in emergency management, natural resources, ecological environment, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas, health, forestry and grass, earthquake, fire rescue, meteorology and other aspects to carry out comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters, timely improve the national natural disaster risk and prevention zoning map, and formulate relevant technical and management standards.

7.7.3 Support and encourage institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes, enterprises, institutions and social organizations to carry out scientific research in disaster-related fields, strengthen the follow-up research on the world’s advanced emergency equipment, increase the development, popularization and application of technical equipment, establish cooperation mechanisms, and encourage theoretical research on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief policies.

7.7.4 Make use of international cooperation mechanisms such as the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters and the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response to expand the channels of disaster remote sensing information resources and strengthen international cooperation.

7.7.5 Carry out research on technologies and standards related to national emergency broadcasting, establish and improve the national emergency broadcasting system, and realize comprehensive three-dimensional coverage of disaster early warning and forecasting and disaster reduction and relief information. Timely release disaster warning information to the public through the national emergency warning information release system, and comprehensively use various means to ensure direct access to the grassroots front line.

7.8 Publicity and training

Further strengthen emergency science popularization and education, organize nationwide publicity activities on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, publicize emergency laws and regulations and common sense on disaster prevention, hedging, disaster avoidance, self-help, mutual rescue and insurance through various media, and organize National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, International Disaster Mitigation Day, World First Aid Day, World Meteorological Day, National Science Popularization Day, National Science and Technology Activity Week and National Science and Technology Activity Week. Actively promote community disaster reduction activities, promote the construction of comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration communities, and build a people’s defense line for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief.

Organize training for local party committees and governments at all levels, disaster management personnel, professional rescue teams, social workers and volunteers.

8 supplementary provisions

8.1 Interpretation of Terms

The natural disasters mentioned in this plan mainly include flood and drought disasters, meteorological disasters such as typhoon, wind and hail, low temperature freezing, high temperature, snowstorm and sandstorm, earthquake disasters, geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow, marine disasters such as storm surge, waves, tsunami and sea ice, forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters.

8.2 Responsibility and Reward and Punishment

All regions and departments should effectively compact their responsibilities, strictly implement the task requirements, and commend and reward the collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in the process of disaster relief in accordance with relevant state regulations; If losses are caused by dereliction of duty, the party concerned shall be investigated for responsibility according to relevant laws and regulations of the state, and if the case constitutes a crime, the criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

8.3 Plan management

8.3.1 The Emergency Management Department is responsible for organizing the preparation of this plan, and it will be implemented after being submitted to the State Council for approval. During the implementation of the plan, the emergency management department should, in combination with the response and disposal of major natural disasters, timely convene relevant departments and experts to carry out re-assessment, and timely revise and improve according to the needs of disaster relief work.

8.3.2 Relevant departments and units can formulate work manuals and action plans to implement the tasks of this plan according to the actual situation, so as to ensure that the responsibilities are put in place.

8.3.3 The comprehensive coordination agencies for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief of local party committees and governments at all levels shall revise the emergency plan for natural disaster relief at the provincial level according to this plan, and report it to the emergency management department for the record. The emergency management department strengthens the guidance and inspection of local emergency plans for natural disaster relief at all levels, and urges local governments to dynamically improve the plans.

8.3.4 The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee shall coordinate the member units of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee to formulate the publicity, training and exercise plan of this plan, and organize regular exercises.

8.3.5 The Office of the National Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief Committee is responsible for the interpretation of this plan.

8.4 Reference situation

Other types of emergencies other than natural disasters, according to the need to carry out rescue work with reference to this plan.

8.5 implementation time of the plan

This plan shall be implemented as of the date of issuance.