西安夜生活论坛

　　Seventy-two changes of "the Monkey King" on the street —— From taking a group photo to collecting money to transforming Shang Yan to live online celebrity.

　　On the evening of November 15th, Xiao Mo, dressed as Wukong, and Sung Jae Lee, who played "Tang Priest", made a live broadcast near Shangxiajiu. Many citizens came to watch and asked for a group photo.

　　In a rented house of less than 10 square meters, Xiao Mo and Li Cheng, dressed in the Monkey King costumes, pose for the camera.

　　Three years ago, Chen Shuiqing, who worked hard in Guangzhou for many years because of his life, turned into a street performer "Monkey King" and attracted attention from all walks of life after being reported by the media. A year ago, a deaf-mute "Monkey King" Mo Guangzhi appeared at the entrance of Shishi Cathedral, which also attracted attention.

　　According to the investigation of Guangzhou Daily reporter, although they are incarnated as miraculous the Monkey King, most of them still live in a narrow village in the city, and they are still facing the battle of fierce competition. Today, Chen Shuiqing, who has suffered a lot, has switched to Shang Yan; Mo Guangzhi met another "Monkey Brother", Li Cheng, and then they became "Tang Priest and Mentor" and embarked on the live broadcast of "online celebrity".

　　Guangzhou Edge of Three Monkey Kings

　　38-year-old Kung Fu "Monkey King" Chen Shuiqing: Change to "Monkey King" for a way out

　　Chen Shuiqing is the earliest "Monkey King" in Guangzhou in recent years. Nineteen years ago, Chen Shuiqing and his wife came to Guangzhou to work hard. Six years ago, they once owned a small sewing factory. However, the small factory closed after more than three years due to the sluggish business.

　　In the Spring Festival of 2014, he returned to his hometown to take care of his parents. The three children who are studying, their parents on their deathbeds, and the triviality of life have overwhelmed Chen Shuiqing. In the same year, his father died.

　　"During the most difficult time, I was very annoyed and often wandered around the street with nothing to do." Chen Shuiqing, who lost his father, couldn’t afford mental work any more. His beard and hair grew long unconsciously. He walked around the park in confusion like a sloppy tramp. The Monkey King!’ One day, an uncle’s cry in the park reached Chen Shuiqing’s ear, which inspired him.

　　"At first, I just asked others for money after putting on makeup, but I felt it was wrong. Later, I followed the TV to learn the action and went to the street to perform." At the beginning of 2015, he performed at the Pearl River for the first time and was widely reported by the media.

　　35-year-old "Monkey King" Mo Guangzhi: Taking a photo to support the couple

　　Because he can’t speak, Mo Guangzhi’s story is not known to outsiders except for a photo captured by the media.

　　More than a year ago, Mo Guangzhi, born in 1981, came to Guangzhou from his hometown of Huazhou to work hard. Because he had no skills, he chose to be a "Monkey King" who took photos with people outside the scenic spot. "Basically, every day from 11: 00 noon to 5: 30 pm, I will appear in Shishi Cathedral. My income in a month is about two or three thousand yuan, and I have to send 500 yuan to my wife in my hometown." Although he can’t speak, he can type on his mobile phone. In WeChat, his reply speed is not slow. He told reporters that he has been married for many years and has a 4-year-old child.

　　He has been in the role-playing industry of "Monkey King" for more than one year, and Mo Guangzhi wandered around various tourist attractions and squares in Guangzhou. In the second half of 2015, a photo of him was captured by the media and began to be known.

　　25-year-old live broadcast of "Monkey King" Li Cheng: Doing "live broadcast" after unemployment

　　Compared with the first two "old-timers", Li Cheng is the latest one to join the business.

　　At the beginning of October this year, he came to Guangzhou for the first time and just started working in a coffee shop. Before that, he had been working as a pay-off builder on the construction site with his father to support his wife and children. After his father died, he began to find another way out.

　　Li Cheng said that after he came to Guangzhou, he was recommended to work in a coffee shop with a monthly salary of more than 4,000 yuan after paying the 280 yuan agency fee. Unexpectedly, the coffee shop closed down after only working for two or three days. In desperation, he thought of webcasting. So Li Cheng bought a suit of the Monkey King’s clothes from the Internet, turned into a "Monkey King" and started the live broadcast. However, he did not tell his family about the live broadcast. "I am afraid that they will worry and want to make some achievements."

　　Affinity: a pair of real "mentoring" and a pair of fake "mentoring"

　　Although they entered the business at different times, there was a wonderful connection between them. After Mo Guangzhi’s story was reported, he was recommended to Chen Shuiqing and became his apprentice.

　　Although he met Chen Shuiqing, Mo Guangzhi still made a living by taking photos. Until a month ago, he met Li Cheng. "I explained to him that after I was doing the live broadcast, we decided to work together." Li Cheng said. After their cooperation, with the advice of fans, he became the Tang Priest, while Mo Guangzhi was still the the Monkey King, and they also became a pair of mentoring.

　　"Monkey King" appears frequently in the Year of the Monkey.

　　Address: Dwelling in a village in a humble abode

　　The income of the three "Monkey Kings" is not high. Mo Guangzhi takes photos with people, and his monthly income is about two or three thousand yuan; Li Cheng has just entered the business and has no substantial income; Chen Shuiqing was the earliest in the business, but his income was also unstable. Today, all three people live in the village in the city.

　　Li Cheng lives in a large single room on the eighth floor of a house rented by Mo Guangzhi in Qinghu Village, Baiyun District. The room is less than 20 square meters, and there is only a big bed and a small bathroom at the entrance. The cooking place is combined with the balcony. Space is limited, and clothes can only be hung in the room. The rent is only in 260 yuan every month, and they are divided equally.

　　Chen Shuiqing, together with his wife and two children, rented in the vicinity of Qingfeng Archway in Baiyun District, which is also a village in the city. His house is 50-60 square meters with one room, one living room, one kitchen and one bathroom. There are three beds in the room. The couple and a pair of children live in one room, and the monthly rent is only a few hundred yuan.

　　Dilemma:

　　There are more and more "Monkey Kings"

　　"In the Year of the Monkey, we may not have earned as much as in previous years. After all, there are many Monkey Kings this year!" A "Monkey King" said with emotion.

　　"When I first started doing it, Guangzhou could hardly find anyone who made money by playing Monkey King; In 2016, because I happened to meet the Year of the Monkey, a lot of’ Monkey Kings’ came out at once. " Chen Shuiqing said that some "Monkey Kings" don’t make money by skills, but by taking photos.

　　Wearing thick costumes, masks and golden hoops every day is not an easy task for the "Monkey King". "I am also very tired at the end of the day, especially when the clothes are thick and it is very hot in summer." Mo Guangzhi said.

　　Dress:

　　Several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan.

　　Being a "Monkey King" requires a beautiful outfit, but these outfits are not cheap: clothes, pants, masks, hats, belts, boots, and golden hoops.

　　The reporter learned that a set of costumes will cost at least a few hundred yuan, and expensive ones will cost thousands of yuan. "My wardrobe is relatively simple, and I spent a total of 500 yuan; Mo Guangzhi’s is more expensive, spending thousands of dollars. " Li Cheng said.

　　In contrast, Chen Shuiqing’s is more expensive. "I didn’t have a mask before, just relying on my face; Later, a friend suggested me to buy it. I also bought a set two or three months ago. The more realistic it is, the more expensive it is. " His clothes cost more than 2,000 yuan, his mask also cost more than 2,000 yuan, and he has changed 10 gold hoops.

　　"Monkey King" breaks the problem and transforms Shang Yan.

　　On the evening of November 15th, Li Cheng played the role of Tang Priest for the first time and went to a square in Guangzhou with the Monkey King. "The live broadcast effect is not bad, and 1500 people watched it in two hours." Today, Li Cheng regards live broadcast as the direction of their livelihood.

　　From Baiyun Mountain to Yuexiu Park, from Liwan Square to Shangxiajiu, as of November 15th, Li Cheng and Mo Guangzhi had broadcast live for thirteen days and visited many scenic spots in Guangzhou. According to Li Cheng, there are more than 2,000 people watching it at most, but because it has just started, the traffic is not much. "I have opened a daily 3G traffic package in 10 yuan, but the daily gifts and rewards are not enough for the traffic fee." Li Cheng said.

　　Because it has been a long time, Chen Shuiqing joined the WeChat group, which gathered the "Monkey King" of the whole country. His nickname in the group was "Guangzhou Monkey King", but he didn’t expect to find an opportunity in Shang Yan through this group. "There are more than 300 people in the group, all related to playing the Monkey King, and they occasionally exchange information." Last month, it was through this group that Chen Shuiqing got an opportunity to go to Shang Yan. "More than 400 yuan a day, only a few days off in a month, and earned more than 10,000 yuan." However, he hasn’t received Shang Yan before, and since this month, he hasn’t received a single activity.

　　"I met a lot of peers when I was performing arts, and now many of them are not on the street. They took Shang Yan or walked into KTV." Chen Shuiqing said that perhaps this is also a way to break through.

　　In fact, there are many successful cases in the transformation of Shang Yan. The 27-year-old "Monkey King" Yuan Tixin entered the art school at the age of 11 and stayed in the drama troupe for 11 or 12 years. This year is the seventh year of his imitation of the Monkey King. His price for a Shang Yan is 3,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan. Cheng Fei, a 25-year-old "Monkey King", began to study opera in an art school when he was 8 years old. After graduating in 2002, he entered the Peking Opera Troupe and has been imitating the Monkey King for 6 years. Now, the fee for each performance is 3,000 ~ 8,000 yuan.

　　However, there are risks in the transformation of Shang Yan, mainly income instability. "Business is not good now. Before, my price could be 2,000 yuan. Some bosses like to be cheap. Please invite some amateurs to perform. Like we perform with professional equipment, the price of 200~300 yuan can’t go. I am now doing business with some old customers." Ye Wenhua, a the Monkey King from Dongguan, said. (Reporter Qin Song, Xie Xin, reporter Chen Youzi)

1905 movie network news Recently, "Movies Going to the Countryside — — A trip to Hebei by college students for aesthetic education in the new era was launched in Malan Primary School, Chengnanzhuang Town, Fuping County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. "Movies going to the countryside — — The whole process of "College Students’ Aesthetic Education Support Tour" in the new era is divided into two routes, covering the underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions and the towns and villages where poverty alleviation has been carried out. Excellent college students, normal students, young teachers’ representatives and literary and artistic volunteers from all over the country form a "film aesthetic education support group", which enters the rural grassroots in the central and western regions in the form of "film caravan" and promotes elegant art into rural classrooms in the form of open-air film screening and aesthetic education open classes. At this stop, "Movies Going to the Countryside" came to Fuping, Hebei Province, a place where Malan flowers are open.

"Youth is promising, and strong teachers have me." On the evening of August 23rd, "Movies Going to the Countryside — — The launching ceremony of the new era college students’ aesthetic education in Hebei Province was held. Leading guests attending the meeting and representatives of normal students of the education group witnessed "Movies Going to the Countryside — — The official launch of college students’ aesthetic education in Hebei Province in the new era. At the activity site, the expert advisory group and the aesthetic education support group cooperated with local teachers and students to play the song My People，My Country, which opened a unique aesthetic education journey for the children of Malan Primary School.

After the launching ceremony, the members of the Education Mission screened the film co-produced by China and Kazakstan for the teachers and students on site. Based on the real experience of Xian Xinghai, a "people’s musician" in Almaty, the film tells the story of Xian Xinghai’s pursuit of national independence and people’s liberation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The mission brought a film curtain almost flush with the two-story roof of the school building. When night fell, the light and shadow were clearly presented on this huge curtain, and the light that hit the screen seemed to shine into the children’s hearts.

"Grandma Deng Xiaolan taught us to sing in this way!" While watching the movie, a child from Malanhua Choir imitated the conductor’s gesture to a small extent and told the members of the mission quietly. At the opening ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, 44 "Malan Flowers" sang Ode to the Olympics in Greek, and the song sounded like nature. It was Teacher Deng Xiaolan who, with 18 years’ initial intention and persistence, sent these children in the mountains to the Winter Olympics stage and woke up Malan’s spring with music.

Xiao Xiangrong, the initiator, general planner and general director of the "Movie Going to the Countryside" project, said in his speech that the screening of the movie "Musician" in Malan Primary School is not only a tribute to Mr. Xian Xinghai, a "people musician", but also a tribute to Ms. Deng Xiaolan, who has been teaching in Malan for more than ten years. "As a future teacher, it is hard for me not to think of Grandma Deng Xiaolan when I watch this movie called Musician in Malan Primary School." Li Ruoyu is a normal student from the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, and she is also a member of the education group. When she mentioned Deng Xiaolan, her eyes were full of respect.

"When movies meet music, aesthetic education has a double meaning." As Chen Sifang, a member of the Education Mission, said, if Teacher Deng Xiaolan used melody and notes to enlighten the aesthetic education of children in the mountains, then this "movie going to the countryside" brought children the aesthetic education enlightenment of film art. On the morning of 30th, in the open class of aesthetic education, the education group took the film "Musician" as an example, and taught the children to feel the life course of Xian Xinghai’s music creation from the film, and then realized the emotional expression contained in the melody, and encouraged the children to dare to express themselves and express their feelings with music.

Outside the classroom, the teacher took the children into nature to collect sounds, cicadas singing, gurgling water and leaves dancing in summer … … These lively voices were adapted into a piece of children’s own music by Zheng Jiayao, a teaching member. One side listens carefully, and the other side should sing. The members of the mission believe that the meeting of movies and music will certainly provide children with a pair of eyes to review the beauty of life, discover the beauty of life and wake up to their own beauty.

By the rouge river, at the foot of Tieguan Mountain, Malan songs echoed endlessly. During the week-long process of teaching aesthetic education, the education group not only brought the children an open aesthetic education class, but also invited the students to organize a theme song "Sing me to you", where the children sang loudly, sang in harmony with the mountains and rivers, and played together with the countryside; Teachers and students form a "Little Star Choir" and practice singing "On Taihang Mountain" so that children can experience the beauty of music in the chorus; In addition, the mission also volunteered to show open-air movies to the villagers in Malan Village, bringing the light of movies to the countryside.

"Our company with children is short-lived, but we hope that art will be long-lasting for them." When the bell of the open class of aesthetic education rings, this "movie going to the countryside — — In the new era, college students’ aesthetic education in Hebei Province also came to a successful conclusion. After saying goodbye to the children, the members of the aesthetic education mission set off again in the movie caravan and went to the next movie appointment.

　　Zhang Gan, a professor at Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts, recently gave a special report entitled "Plague and Western Art —— The Influence of Disease and Plague on Western Painting" in Lecture 10 of "Spring Breeze Lecture Hall" in Tsinghua University. He studied the influence of "disease and plague" on western art from the perspective of art appreciation from three aspects: the plague in works of art, the new theme of the birth of plague and the art interrupted by plague.

　　No.1Plague in works of art

　　Plague and disease run through the development of human civilization. People who have experienced disasters often record or express disasters and the thoughts they bring to people in the form of literature and art.

　　For example, works of art with the theme of war, some patrons at that time hoped to show their military achievements or achievements through their works, and some artists hoped to accuse the atrocities of war by expressing the theme of war.

　　However, there are not many works that show plagues and diseases in paintings. Because the plague brings painful memories to everyone and the state of illness has no aesthetic feeling at all, artists rarely show the sick scenes directly in their works. However, the rethinking of life caused by disease and plague, such as the cycle of life and death, the relationship between man and society and the influence of plague itself on human society, all play a lasting role in art.

　　In western painting, there are some works related to plague or disease, and occasionally artists directly express the visual impact brought by plague in their works. These worksIt reflects the disaster and catastrophe brought by plague and disease to human beings, and the brilliance of human nature highlighted in it..

　　01

　　Plague has been accompanied by human history, and the most serious one in western historical records is the Black Death in 1348. American writer Joseph P. Bourne once wrote in The Black Death: "Neither Western Christianity nor the Islamic world can express such a disaster as the Black Death with visual images." Although few works of art are expressed, we still found some images. These paintings played a certain role in the later study of the Black Death.

　　The scene of survivors burying the dead,

　　The only existing work during the first outbreak of the Black Death.

　　Scenes of priests helping to treat and bury the dead,

　　Bronze prints during the outbreak of Florence plague in 1348.

　　The doctor who treated the Black Death wore a beak mask as a protective measure.

　　02

　　The painting of the altar of Isenheim in the museum of Antlinden in Coma, France, shows the monastery’s treatment of the disease under the epidemic of ergot poisoning. The work comforts the believers through the theme of Christian resurrection, and will surely overcome the disease.

　　Eisenheim altar painting

　　Matthias Gruenewald

　　Painting of the Altar in Isenheim (Unfolded), the central altar was carved by nikolaus Hagenau in 1490, and the hospital chapel of St. Anthony’s Cathedral in Isenheim, Germany, about 1510 ~1515. Altar, painted gilded basswood, 298.4cm× 250.1cm× 92.7cm (center), 74.9cm× 340.4cm (lower sketchpad), oil painting on the side boards, 250.1cm× 92.7cm..

　　Saint Anthony is the patron saint of patients with skin diseases (Isenheim is a village 15 miles from Cole Ma Yinan). In art, pigs are usually accompanied by Saint Anthony, which refers to the use of pork fat to treat skin infections. But it also led Saint Anthony to become the patron saint of pig farmers, and the protectors of basket weavers, pen makers and grave diggers had nothing to do with his treatment (he lived as a hermit, a religious hermit for the first time, in an empty grave).

　　At Isenheim Hospital, the monks of St. Anthony’s Monastery devote themselves to taking care of sick and dying farmers, many of whom suffer from ergot disease. Ergot disease is a disease caused by eating rye grains infected with fungi. Ergotism, commonly known as the fire of St. Anthony (St. Anthony‘s fire) can cause hallucinations, skin infections and attacks on the central nervous system, eventually leading to death.

　　03

　　In the history of western art, there are some outstanding works that reflect plagues and diseases.

　　3.1　The plague of Ashdod

　　In the 17th century, the works of Nicolas Pu Sang, a famous French classicism representative painter, according to the description in Samuel, showed the scene of children crying on the body of their mother who died of the plague, and showed people’s desire to be free from the plague.

　　The Plague of Ashdod， 1628-1630

　　Oil on canvas, 148×198, Louvre, Paris.

　　3.2　Napoleon visited the plague patients in Jaffa.

　　In the 19th century, the works of Antoine-Jean Gro, a pioneer of romanticism and a famous French painter, described Napoleon’s inspection and care of soldiers infected with plague in the monastery of Saint Nicholas, Armenia, and showed Napoleon’s heroic image as a leader who loved soldiers like children and the real scene of treating plague patients.

　　In 1804, oil painting on canvas, 532×720, Louvre, Paris.

　　3.3　Death in the Sickroom

　　At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, several works by Norwegian expressionist painter edvard munch set off the sad and depressed mood with cool colors, and showed the atmosphere of suffering from diseases incisively and vividly.

　　1893， 134cm ×　160cm，　Munch Museum， Oslo

　　1895， oil on canvas， 150cm ×　168cm， Nasjonalgalleriet， Oslo

　　3.4　Science and Kindness

　　In 1897, Picasso’s work was only 16 years old. The doctor in the picture is modeled after his father, and the girl in the hospital bed is modeled after a gypsy girl Picasso met in the street. This kind of works expressing the theme of science and technology and benevolence was very popular at the end of the 19th century, which was closely related to the development of medical science and technology in this era, and expressed the theme that although the disease was painful, science and technology brought hope to mankind.

　　Pablo Picasso， Science and Charity， 1897， 200 x 250cm

　　3.5　The Plague

　　Marx klinger’s prints depict the sudden appearance of a crow symbolizing death, which shocked the nuns who comforted the patients and filled the whole environment with an ominous atmosphere.

　　1857-1920， From Vom Tode II （Berlin， 1898-1910） Engraving and drypoint， 36 × 31.4cm

　　The psychological impact of the plague on human beings is well reflected in the form of painting. Art is a record of human history, not only an aesthetic expression, but also an important carrier of human thought and civilization.

　　No.2

　　A new theme born of plague

　　Due to the plague, some new themes were born in the history of western painting. For example, after the Black Death, the themes of "Death’s Victory" and "Death’s Dance" appeared. These two themes remind us that people can’t avoid death: the former is more active, persuading people to work hard in this life and strive for good results; The latter is more pessimistic, emphasizing that no matter whether he was a king, a monk or other people from all walks of life, he would eventually be born to die.

　　These thoughts related to death were very popular in the 14th century, which was closely related to the underdevelopment of medicine and technology at that time. People were helpless in the face of diseases and plagues, and their despair and helplessness were understandable. Today, through unremitting efforts and exploration of mankind, there is new hope to overcome the epidemic.

　　Three living people meet three dead people

　　"Death’s Victory" has been popular in Europe since the 14th century. The above picture is selected from the book "Poems and Prayer Books" written by Bonn, Duke of Normandy in Luxembourg, who died of the plague. The dead in the painting said to the living, "We used to be like you, and now we are you in the future." This theme became more popular in the late Middle Ages.

　　The theme of "Victory of Death" series has been shown in Italy, Belgium, France and Germany. The Italian work The Triumph of Death with the Dance of Death is very typical. At the top of the picture is an image of a god of death wearing a crown and the helplessness of people from all walks of life in the world in the face of death, indicating that no one can defeat death; The bottom of the picture embodies the "dance of death", expressing that death has accompanied people all their lives and cannot escape.

　　Giacomo Borlone de Burchis， The Triumph of Death with The Dance of Death， 15th century， Oratorio dei Disciplini in Clusone， Italy

　　The image of death gradually fixed in the Middle Ages: a skeleton with a sickle and an hourglass representing time, and some with wings similar to bats.

　　"Seven Ages of the World: The Image of Death" is a woodcut illustration made by Michal Wohlgemuth for Hartman Scheedel’s Chronicle. In the picture, corpses with different degrees of corruption are dancing, and there is a paragraph under the image: "Nothing is better than death …" It reminds people that death will eventually overcome the body.

　　Death shoots an arrow from a bow on a skinny horse, targeting people of all social classes. The horse occupies the center of the whole scene, its ribs are clearly visible, and its bony head shows its teeth and tongue. Death has just shot an arrow and hit a young man in the lower right corner. Death will also wear a sickle beside the saddle, which is its typical feature.

　　Wet frescoes of Abbatilis Palace in Palermo, circa 1446. Entrusted by the king of Aragon in Naples.

　　01

　　Ponico Di Martino or Ponico Boufard Marco has a famous work "Victory of Death". The picture is divided into two parts: on the left, a young man rides a horse for an outing and meets a hermit. The old man shows you three coffins with the bodies of a king, a priest and a noble respectively. The bodies are swollen and rotted, and the young people cover their noses and mouths; On the right is the scene of young people playing the piano, playing and dancing in the garden. It shows that people were powerless in the face of death at that time, and people were happy in time, while angels and demons in the sky were fighting for people’s souls, which warned everyone that life is short and we should live actively.

　　Cemetery of Pisa Cathedral, Buona Mico di Martino or Buona Mico Buffalo Macco (Active C.1315-1336).

　　02

　　Part of Gorgeous Daily Classics was written by Jean Collomb. In the picture, armed soldiers were beaten out of the water by three skeletons, which also represented the victory of death.

　　A variant of death’s victory

　　Most classic: Old Peter Bruegel, Victory of Death

　　In the lower left corner of the foreground of the painting is the king caught by death, who is still thinking about his gold and silver when he dies. On the right is the priest caught by death, and a pilgrim in white who is lying asleep on the ground in the middle is also killed by death. The skeleton on the left pulls a car full of human skulls. Under the car, there is a woman who is cutting off the textile thread representing the thread of life with scissors, which is a metaphor for the fragility of life. There is a dining table in the lower right corner of the picture. Everyone who is having a banquet is interrupted by death. On the right, there is a trap like a mousetrap. All human beings are driven here by death, which means that human beings will eventually be defeated by death. The background of the whole picture is a barren battlefield, filled with smoke, and the skeleton army completely defeats human beings.

　　Pieter Bruegel the Elder，　Triumph of Death， c。 1562， oil on panel， 117x162cm， Museo del Prado， Madrid。

　　The Dance of Death by the German artist Hans holbein (1497-1543) is an excellent print work in the Renaissance. In a series of dynamic pictures, death invaded the daily life of 34 people from all walks of life, from the Pope to the doctor to the farmer who plowed the fields.

　　Adam and Eve were expelled from the paradise, and death waited excitedly.

　　The samurai struggled with death, and it was hard to defeat after all.

　　A lady was visited by death.

　　Al Brecht Diu Lei was the greatest painter in the German Renaissance. There are four knights in his Four Horsemen in Revelation, representing conquest, war, hunger and death. Among them, death can kill a quarter of the people on the earth with swords, famines, plagues and wild animals. Although this work does not directly show the plague, it warns everyone about the influence of the plague on human beings through the image of death.

　　These works represent the pessimistic attitude of the west in the face of plague in this specific period of the 16th century. These emotions are a portrayal of the world at that time, representing people’s views and understanding of the world. At the same time, artists also satirize social reality through their works, which also reminds us how to look at the present world.

　　But in the history of western painting, this is only a small part, and most of the works face life with a positive and optimistic realistic attitude. The themes derived from the plague are not all pessimism, but there are some changes in the later period.

　　Corpse monument

　　During the outbreak of plague, many people can only be buried in nameless graves or graves. Out of fear of this feeling of complete disappearance, people with conditions demand that enough marks be left on their graves. For about two centuries, rich people put life-size statues of themselves on the top of tombs. In the 1490s, a new form of burial emerged, which was mainly characterized by the juxtaposition of neatly dressed images of bishops, cardinals or nobles and life-size decomposed corpses, and was called the Cadaver monument.

　　The earliest carrion tomb in England belongs to Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury. The inscription in the mausoleum reads: "I was born in poverty and was later promoted to bishop." If you can’t afford to get sick now, it will become food for maggots … You will be like me after death: all terrible dust, maggots and carrion. "

　　John FitzAlan’s body monument, 14th Earl of arundel, died in 1435. Arundel Chapel in Arendal Castle, Sussex.

　　Ma Saqiao: Trinity, 1425-28 wet mural, Notre Dame de Florence.

　　At the bottom of the picture is a painted corpse monument. This work is the earliest known preserved work using scientific perspective in the history of western art.

　　A patron saint from the plague

　　Based on everyone’s wish to avoid plague infection, two protected saints came into being: St. Sebastian (St. Sebastian) and St. Roche (St. Roch）。

　　San sebastian

　　San Sebastian lived in the early 4th century. His relationship with the plague stems from the fact that he can survive the rain of arrows. In western tradition, arrows are associated with diseases initiated by God. There are many times in the Old Testament that arrows are used to compare God’s punishment. Such as Deuteronomy (32: 23): "Shoot my arrows at them." Psalm (64: 7): "But God wanted to shoot them, and suddenly they were wounded by arrows." Psalm (7: 12): "The bow must be bent and ready." Wait a minute. Classical writers and Christian writers in the first Black Death pandemic also compared the plague to an arrow. The earliest known recourse to Sebastian occurred in pavia and Rome in the 7th century.

　　The earliest known work of Saint Sebastian is a mosaic of the existing New Saint Apolinar Church in ravenna, Italy, which was created around 527-565 AD. Another earlier painting, St. Sebastian, a mosaic of St. Peter’s church in chains in Rome, was created around 682 AD.

　　South Nederland painter Levering Cox

• Josse Lieferinxe (Working CA 1493–1503/08) The intercession of Saint Sebastian for the Plague Stricken, The Walters Art Museum.

　　St. Roche

　　Saint-Roch was born in Montpellier, France, in a noble family, between the 1990 s and 1350 s. On his way to Rome for pilgrimage, he encountered a plague, so St. Roch stayed in Akua Pontent, Tuscany to help the patients. A few years later, he was infected with plague on his way home. A dog licked his wound and brought him food, and finally recovered. After returning home, he was mistaken for a spy and died in prison. People found "angel handwriting" on him, saying that he would become a patron saint of plague patients after he ascended to heaven. The earliest evidence of worshipping him appeared in the early 15th century. His legend is very popular in Venice. St. Roch in the portrait is usually standing, wearing a pilgrim’s hat, holding a cane and a shell, with a dog giving him food. The left leg is exposed, showing a lymph node mass at the root of the leg.

　　Burial place of Saint Roch， Church of San Rocco in Venice， Italy

　　During the Black Death that ravaged northern Italy from 1477 to 1479, people’s worship of St. Roch was growing.

　　St. Roch Hall in Venice

　　Scuola Grande di San Rocco

　　No.3

　　Art interrupted by plague

　　In 1951, art historian Milad Mais published The Paintings of Florence and Siena after the Black Death: Art, Religion and Society in the Mid-14th Century. In the book, he pointed out that the Black Death had a profound influence on the artistic style and content of Florence and Siena. It is precisely because of the fear of plague that the patrons of religious painting gave up the artistic development for half a century and turned back to a more traditional, more religious and spiritual style.

　　Mays believes that the Black Death delayed the reality of Renaissance style and the development of humanistic art for decades. However, more art historians, such as Hank Van Oath, point out that many key artists and patrons died because of the plague, which is the reason for the delay in the change of artistic style. For example, Luo Renzetti, a painter in Siena, died of the Black Death, and the nine-member government in Siena collapsed, which led to the end of the sponsorship of art. Judith Steinhoff, an art historian, believes that the "new patron" with low taste led to the decline of artistic taste at that time. Italians who experienced the plague became very concerned about being remembered, which was reflected in the construction of churches, art sponsorship and donations. The individual’s concern for the name behind him directly triggered human’s concern for artistic realism, which will be the symbol of Renaissance art in the 15th and 16th centuries.

　　Giotto di Bendone

　　（Giotto di Bondone， c.1277-1337）

• Boccaccio said Giotto brought light to the art of painting.

• Dante wrote in the eleventh song "Proud people become humble people" in the Divine Comedy Purgatory: Chemapu wanted to be invincible in painting, but now Giotto has won the praise, so the other one’s reputation is unknown.

• A monument commissioned by Lorenzo de’ Medici in Florence Cathedral to commemorate Giotto. The inscription was written by humanist Poliziano: I am the one who gave new life to the lost painting art.

　　One of the earliest works using the central single-point perspective method.

　　The Birth of Mary 1342， Tempera on wood， 188 x 183 cm， Museo dell‘Opera del Duomo， Siena

　　Titian (1488/90-1576), Mourning Christ.

　　Pietà，　1576，　Oil on canvas， 352 x 349 cm，　Gallerie dell‘Accademia， Venice

　　Titian was infected with the plague and died of a high fever on August 27, 1576. Mourning for Christ was not finished before his death, but was finished by his student Palma.

　　the spanish flu

　　■ Another plague that has an important impact on western art is the Spanish flu. The Spanish flu lasted from January 1918 to December 1920, and about 500 million people were infected in the world. It was estimated that the death toll reached 17 million to 50 million, and some people thought it might reach 100 million.

　　Two very important Austrian painters died of Spanish flu, Egon Schiele and Klimt.

　　Emergency hospital set up in Kansas

　　Egon Schiele painted himself in the image of San Sebastian. The arrow not only represents the plague, but also represents the gossip that denies his art.

　　Self-Portrait as St。 Sebastian （Poster for Arnot Gallery exhibition）， 1914/15，　Indian ink and opaque， 67 x 50 cm， Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien， Vienna

　　02

　　Aids and Art in the 20th Century

　　In the 1980s and early 1990s, AIDS caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) broke out and swept across the United States and other parts of the world. Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV, and about 35 million people have died of AIDS.

　　Posters designed by keith haring:

　　Keith Haring，　Ignorance = Fear， 1989， Poster Collection Noirmontartproduction， Paris。　

　　In 1990, Harlem died of AIDS at the age of 31.

　　The test of human nature brought by the plague is also what we need to face today. Diseases make us think about several issues: first, the relationship between man and nature (man and environment, man and animals); Second, the relationship between people and society (individual and whole); Third, the relationship between people (with relatives, friends and strangers); Fourth, the relationship between countries (equality, fraternity or narrow nationalism).

　　In this thrilling art history related to the plague, we have seen the despair and struggle of mankind, the untimely death of many outstanding artists, and more hope and strength. Art constantly reminds us how to get along with nature, society and the past. We should face challenges together and build a community of human destiny with a more universal, equal and broad mind.

　　I hope that the power of art will continue to advance with mankind, and that mankind will never die and art will never die.

　　(This article is reproduced from Tsinghua University)

Original: SME SME technology story

In the women’s 400-meter final of the national track and field competition last month, Liao Mengxue and Tong Zenghuan, two female players who swept the gold and silver medals, caused a heated discussion inside and outside the international sports circle-these two female players really look like male players.

In addition to appearance, Liao Mengxue’s voice is slightly low and neutral. So the public opinion is full of doubts. Are China female track and field athletes men? South Korean media even shouted "China sports has no gender", expressing strong opposition.

Liao Mengxue (left) and Tong Zenghuan (right)

In fact, the Chinese Athletics Association has come forward to confirm that the two athletes are indeed women. Just in May this year, they also participated in the international track and field league. How could they pass the test of such a major event by dressing up as women? Questioning is self-defeating.

In fact, to ensure fair and just international sports events, gender identification has been improved with the application of biomedicine and other technologies, and the method is not as simple as taking off pants to check physical characteristics. How to identify people with abnormal sex? Which gender should transgender people enter the competition? Everything is scientific, rigorous, fair and elegant.

However, some unscrupulous media make hasty judgments only on the appearance of TV screens, which not only hurts the dignity of athletes themselves, but also determines the scientific reforms and efforts made by international sports organizations for gender identification in the past century.

When it comes to gender identification, the first way that comes to mind should be to observe the gender characteristics of the body, and the same is true of gender identification in the earliest sports events. The athletes are arranged naked in groups, so that the appraiser can observe their physical characteristics with the naked eye.

As early as the 1936 Olympic Games, there appeared the same gender questioning as Liao Mengxue and Tong Zenghuan. In the women’s 100-meter track and field competition, American Helen Stephens won the championship. The second place in this competition, Stella Walsh from Poland, was defeated by her, and she questioned Helen’s true gender. Stella asked the IAFF to verify Helen’s gender.

Helen Stephens

This is the first time that athletes have been tested for gender in international sports events. The Olympic Committee identified Helen by visual inspection, that is, let her undress and check her gender characteristics. It turns out that Helen is indeed a woman, and Stella’s doubts are not valid.

Surprisingly, however, the whistleblower Stella herself is "gender ambiguous". At that time, the Olympic Committee only made a gender test for Helen, and obviously would not pay attention to Stella who seemed to be on the right side. It was not until Stella’s death 44 years later that the complete truth surfaced.

Stella was unfortunately robbed and shot by robbers, but her autopsy was shocking. It turns out that Stella has a tiny but nonfunctional male organ; However, the sex chromosome types displayed by her cells are also problematic, some of them carry XY chromosomes, and some of them have only one X chromosome, which indicates that the embryonic cells divide incorrectly and lead to mosaic. Instead of appearing in the women’s arena, it should be Stella.

Stella Walsh (right) congratulates Helen Stephens (left) on her victory.

In the same year’s Olympic Games, another German high jumper, Dora Rajan, also had gender doubts. At that time, she finished fourth in the women’s high jump. Two years later, she set a new record for the women’s high jump in another competition, but a few days later, she was accidentally exposed to gender issues. On the train back to Germany, someone reported that she was a man dressed as a woman.

When the police intervened in the investigation, it was discovered that Dora was mistaken for a girl by the midwife when she was born, and her family raised Dora as a girl since childhood. The reason lies in the strange physical characteristics of Dora’s hermaphroditism, and the sexual organs in this case can’t play their sexual functions. So in fact, Dora is not a woman or a man. She is bisexual.

In Dora’s mind, she belongs to women. So she can only hide her physical characteristics, avoid being naked, and participate in the competition as a woman. Until the embarrassing gender identity was revealed, all the medals she won were confiscated and her name was deleted from the record.

High jumper Dora Rajan

A series of gender disputes made the sports community aware of the controversy, so in 1966, IAAF added gender identification steps, and two years later, the International Olympic Committee followed suit. The athletes lined up naked in front of the doctor, who roughly identified the sex by naked eye.

Although the method is intuitive and simple, it also arouses people’s psychological antipathy and is criticized as uncivilized and immoral. When complex situations arise, it is difficult to make a judgment in gender identification.

The essential difference between men and women lies in the different sex chromosomes. Male’s XY and female’s XX chromosomes determine the different sexual characteristics of human beings. So in 1967, IAAF introduced chromosome test to identify sex, and a year later, the International Olympic Committee adopted the same method.

Chromosome test is simple, just take some tissue smears from athletes’ mouths, and then check whether there is Pasteurella bodies in them with a microscope. Pasteurella bodies are mammalian somatic nuclei. Except for one X chromosome, the other X chromosomes are condensed to form chromatids with a diameter of about 1 micron. This is actually the phenomenon that most chromatin is not synchronized during the cell division cycle.

There is only one X chromosome in male, so there is no Pasteurella in male nucleus. Women have two X chromosomes, so there is a Pasteurella corpuscle. After staining the chromosomes, Pasteurella bodies will show a deeper color, and the observation will be obvious.

A female with chromosome XX contains a Pasteurella corpuscle in her nucleus.

However, in the year when chromosome testing was introduced, a Polish female athlete could not pass gender identification. Her chromosome results showed "no Pasteurella", which means that "she" was judged to be male.

In fact, she is indeed a woman, only suffering from a rare Turner syndrome. This is a chromosomal abnormality disease, and the X chromosome is partially or completely missing, resulting in a chromosome composition of 44+X instead of 44+XX of ordinary people. Therefore, under the microscope, there will naturally be no Pasteurella bodies. Finally, following the appraisal results, the female athlete was banned from participating in the Olympic Games and professional sports competitions for life.

People gradually found that there are more and more blind spots in chromosome detection. Except for women with Turner’s syndrome, there is no abnormal situation of Pasteurella, but the male sex chromosome with Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome is XXY, but a Pasteurella can be detected. Athletes with androgen insensitivity contain XY sex chromosomes, but they can’t secrete androgen normally, and they are also rejected from the competition.

In 1992, the International Olympic Committee introduced PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection method, which is more microscopic than chromosome detection at the gene level.

There is a sex-determining regional gene, SRY gene, on the Y chromosome. Although this gene is usually located on the Y chromosome, it will be transferred to the X chromosome in rare cases. In this way, even a fetus with a sex chromosome of XX will develop into a male; Similarly, if the SRY gene on the Y chromosome fails, the fetus with XY sex chromosome will also develop into a woman. This bypasses the chromosome abnormality and directly judges its subsequent expression according to the gene situation.

A large number of copies can be amplified within one hour by taking a small amount of DNA from the tested person. At this time, sex identification is completed only by detecting whether there is SRY gene on the sex chromosome. Because of its low price, simple and reliable steps, PCR identification method later became the mainstream identification method.

Electrophoretic PCR products showed that the band size of SRY gene was 254bp.

Almost all gender identification is aimed at male players mixed with female players, and they are screened out, because there is no woman who wants to challenge male opponents and stage the drama of eggs hitting stones. However, it is unfair for men to participate in women’s competitions, mainly because of the huge difference in testosterone content between normal men and women.

Testosterone is the main male hormone, and 90% of testosterone in men is secreted by leydig cells, which promotes the development of secondary characteristics such as the maturity of male sexual organs.

The essence of testosterone is actually to promote the synthesis of protein, so testosterone can also promote the growth of muscles and strength and enhance the maturity of bones, which is a great advantage for athletes.

South Africa’s 800-meter runner Caster Semenya, a woman with high testosterone content, was asked to receive hormone therapy.

In fact, women can also secrete testosterone. Although there are no testicles, ovarian interstitial cells and adrenal glands can also secrete a small amount, which is only about 1/10 of that of men.

To some extent, in the arena, androgen has become the "strength value" of athletes, and the value range of men is obviously higher than that of women. Therefore, people strongly resist men’s participation in women’s competitions.

And hormone detection has also become an auxiliary method in gender identification. In fact, it is more important as an identification means to test whether athletes take hormone drugs.

Testosterone is also the goal that men strive for in the gym, which has the function of building muscles.

So far, almost every appraisal method in sports field has defects. Only by integrating various identification methods can the rate of misjudgment be reduced.

In the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, the "Sex Identification Experimental Center" was established, which combined clinical, sex hormone, gene and chromosome detection methods for sex identification. A comprehensive gender identification method provides a fairer basis for the current international competition.

In fact, it is impossible for male players disguised as women to mix into women’s competitions under strict appraisal methods, and it is the gender abnormal groups except men and women who are really in an embarrassing position. From the point of view of sports competition, they should also have the right to participate in the competition. After identifying the gender, how to place these athletes has become a difficult problem.

Bruce Jenner, a male athlete, later became a woman.

In the process of constantly changing gender identification methods, it is just the abnormal gender who is the most difficult to accurately determine the gender. Their gender is vague, and some people clearly believe that they are women, but they can’t participate in women’s competitions.

In 2003, the International Olympic Committee formulated a consensus on gender classification in Stockholm, which opened a door to this group.

The consensus stipulates that bisexual or transgender people are allowed to participate in Olympic events. The condition is that sex hormone therapy and transsexual surgery are needed two years before the competition. That is to say, before the game, you can make it clear that you are a man or a woman through surgery, so you can pass gender identification and participate in the competition.

In 2016, the International Olympic Committee once again reached a consensus that transgender athletes who are not qualified for women’s competitions do not have to undergo sex-change surgery, and they can choose to participate in men’s competitions. After the reform, the consensus is more humanized, which no longer opposes gender as a gender situation with only men and women, and is more tolerant of transgender people.

As long as there is competitive sports, there is people’s yearning for fairness, which has led to the change of gender identification for nearly a century. At the same time, science and technology are constantly developing, which provides a fairer appraisal measure for sports events.

From this point of view, the question about Chinese female athletes at the beginning of the article is even more out of thin air. Instead of spending energy to incite doubts, we should try to add fair scientific and technological guarantee to exciting sports events.

Under the increasingly refined identification means, the problems in identification are no longer plagued by both male and female dimensions. The criterion of gender determination in sports field is fair competition, but if masculine face, gender characteristics, chromosomes and hormones can’t determine gender, what is the criterion of gender?

Wood R I , Stanton S J .Testosterone and sport: Current perspectives[J]. Hormones & Behavior, 2012,61(1):0-155.

Vanessa Heggie. Sex testing andthe Olympics: myths rumours and confirmation bias. The Guardian, 2012.08.02.

Zhou Weihai, Xiao Guoqiang. Serum testosterone of young athletes in different events [J]. Journal of Physical Education, 2002, 9(2):34-35.

Kate Allen. How the practice ofsex-testing targets female Olympic athletes. The Star, 2016.07.31.

Settin,Ahmad et al. Rapid sex determination using PCR technique compared to classiccytogenetics. International journal of health sciences vol. 2,1(2008): 49-52.

Original title: "The foreign media questioned China’s players pretending to be women, which is simply a contempt for the 80-year history of gender identification! 》

Read the original text

　　Gao Mingyao, who is interested in scientific research and cultural tourism industry, is a junior in the School of Environment of Harbin Institute of Technology. Recently, he has always been concerned about current affairs, and watched the live broadcast of the opening of the Third Session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, and the live broadcast of interviews with delegates and members.

　　As early as a few years ago, Zhang Han began to pay attention to the formulation of the Civil Code. On the morning of May 22, she got up and waited for the information reviewed by the Civil Code. "WeChat group is all kinds of information sent by classmates and teachers. Everyone is looking forward to seeing the relevant content of the Civil Code as soon as possible."

　　Recently, the media of Zhongqing School launched a questionnaire survey for 1606 college students nationwide. The survey results show that among the respondents, 89.9% of college students expressed concern about the NPC and CPPCC, 18.8% expressed great concern about this year’s NPC and CPPCC, 41.2% expressed concern, 29.9% expressed general concern, and 10.1% expressed little concern.

　　Employment, education and economic development rank among the top three in college students’ minds.

　　According to the media survey of Zhongqing school, employment (65.7%), education (61.4%) and economic development (50.2) are the three topics that college students are most concerned about. Epidemic prevention and control (45.3%), income level (40.4%), culture (21.9%), medical care (16.7%) and social security (16.7%).

　　Liao Yangxin, majoring in labor and social security at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, is a sophomore this year. Apart from livelihood security issues closely related to his major, he also pays special attention to employment. "Some people are worried that the overall pressure of employment and postgraduate entrance examination will not last until next year." He noted that in the government work report, it was proposed that unreasonable restrictions on employment should be eliminated and measures to promote employment should be exhausted. The escort of national policies has made him more confident in his future employment.

　　According to the media survey of China Youth University, among the education-related topics, 59.2% of the respondents pay attention to the news about the enrollment expansion of graduate students and junior college students. Among them, girls (61.2%) pay more attention to further education than boys (54.8%).

　　Wang Niu mentioned "graduate enrollment expansion" many times. There are not many schools offering her major, and the number of students enrolled is also small. "Although the competition is fierce, I still hope that colleges and universities will expand their enrollment in majors with scarce talents in combination with market demand."

　　Economic development is closely related to the employment situation. Gao Mingyao of Harbin Institute of Technology has been paying close attention to the promotion of cultural tourism industry to economy. An investigation experience in the rural areas of Northeast China made him realize the promotion of cultural tourism industry to increase villagers’ income.

　　At the two sessions this year, Gao Mingyao was deeply impressed by the proposal of Huang Jiansheng, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Heilongjiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference. Committee member Huang Jiansheng’s proposal revolves around "seizing the opportunity of the Winter Olympics to develop ice and snow sports". Gao Mingyao said: "This is closely related to the development of my hometown. Heilongjiang people have always loved ice and snow sports, and there are also rich ice and snow resources here, which are suitable for the development of related cultural tourism industries. "

　　Social networks and television have become the main channels of concern, and public health has attracted attention.

　　According to the media survey of Zhongqing School, Weibo (70.99%) is the most used channel for college students to pay attention to the NPC and CPPCC, followed by TV (60.34%), WeChat WeChat official account (60.87%), mobile news App(39.82%), newspaper (18.33%), computer news website (16.18%), and some college students pass through Bili.

　　Influenced by the epidemic situation in COVID-19, college students paid more attention to epidemic prevention and control, public health, medical care and other related issues this year, ranking fourth among all topics.

　　Tong Yu, a sophomore at Fudan University, is concerned about epidemic prevention and control. "What are the conditions for taking off masks?" "What prevention and control measures will there be in the future?" Are topics of daily concern to him.

　　Wang Yinyi of shanghai dianji university mentioned the problem of medical reimbursement for college students. She was anxious to make an appointment for hospital treatment because of toothache. Later, when she went to the school hospital to open a transfer order, she found that the treatment fee could not be reimbursed because the hospital was not a designated medical insurance hospital. She hopes that the medical needs of college students will be paid more attention, "such as speeding up the appointment of HPV vaccine".

　　Wang Jingzi of northwest university of politics and law also locked the key words of this year’s two sessions in the topic related to HPV vaccine. "There are more and more people who know about HPV vaccine now, and the domestic vaccination routes are constantly improving, and the cost of vaccination is relatively reduced. Looking forward to the two sessions this year ‘ Incorporate HPV vaccine into the national immunization plan ’ Our suggestions can be seriously considered. " Wang Jingxi said.

　　College students are highly motivated to participate in social affairs discussions.

　　According to the survey of the media in China Youth University, college students are concerned about not only their study and life, but also all aspects of social life.

　　The issue of tackling poverty is closely related to many college students. Li Huawei, a doctoral student in communication at Wuhan University who is at home because of the epidemic, will focus on poverty alleviation in his hometown.

　　"Before someone lived in a dangerous house on the mountain. Now residents’ housing has been guaranteed and their living environment has been significantly improved. Neighbors recently brought a new car in full. " Li Weihua not only saw the improvement of the living standards of local residents, but also felt some problems still existing in the economic development of his hometown. "In my hometown, my father’s generation went out to work more, and the family’s economic income increased, but the local development was relatively backward." Li Huawei expects to see more measures on poverty alleviation in the two sessions, such as policy support, financial support and investment opportunities at the government level.

　　Because some family members are working in the front line of poverty alleviation, Lei Lei, a graduate student of Zhejiang University, is very concerned about how to get rid of poverty and tackle the problem. Lei Lei learned that due to the epidemic situation, some assistance work encountered difficulties. "On the one hand, how to successfully complete the task of getting rid of poverty and let poor households tide over the difficulties smoothly; On the other hand, it is to let poverty alleviation cadres invest in poverty alleviation without worries. "

　　When he participated in the "Three Rural Areas" activity last year, Liao Yangxin was responsible for recording local life with photos. In the photos he took, an old house built of yellow adobe was in sharp contrast with a two-story brick building. The two-story building is a new house built by the local government to help poor households, which is twice as high as the old house with the same second floor, and the alloy window frame is two or three times larger than the wooden window of the old house. "There, I can understand how poverty alleviation is implemented." Liao Yangxin said.

　　Among college students, the proportion of people who are concerned about housing issues accounts for 29.8%, among which boys (38.0%) are more concerned about housing than girls (26.0%).

　　Undergraduate students’ attention to entrepreneurship decreased with the increase of grade, and the proportion of freshmen to seniors was 13.3%, 11.2%, 11.2% and 5.3% respectively. In the postgraduate stage, the proportion of non-graduating students who pay attention to entrepreneurship is 1.8%, and the graduation grade pays special attention to entrepreneurship issues (14.3%).

　　In the fields of teachers’ morality, information security and so on, college students’ attention basically increases with age. Undergraduate freshmen and seniors pay 25.0%, 27.9%, 36.1% and 30.7% attention to the construction of teachers’ morality and style respectively, while non-graduate and graduate students pay 39.3% and 42.9% respectively. The relevant data of information security are 18.6%, 18.1%, 24.5%, 25.3%, 21.4% and 28.6% respectively. It can be seen that with the deepening of school education and the growth of students’ social experience, the awareness of personal information security is gradually enhanced.

　　Long Lingyu, a graduate student majoring in journalism and communication in China Communication University, said that he was very concerned about the review of the Civil Code. He once encountered online fraud, which made him realize the importance of formulating laws and regulations related to online fraud.

　　According to Zhang Han, a law major at Qingdao University, the formulation of the civil code is not only a matter of the legal profession, but also related to every aspect of everyone’s life. "For example, the draft Civil Code stipulates that App cannot excessively collect and process personal information in violation of laws and regulations. When using the network, each of us faces the risk of information leakage. It is related to the basic rights of individuals in the new technology era in the context of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence. " Zhang Han said.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Zhang Han and Lei Lei are pseudonyms.)

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang Trainee Reporter Cheng Si Bi Ruoxu Luo Xi Intern Liu Kaiyang Source: China Youth Daily

　　Beijing Procuratorate Daily, August 26th (Reporter Xie Wenying) "164 votes in favor and 3 abstentions". On the morning of August 26th, the 12th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to pass the newly revised Drug Administration Law. The highlight of the revision is that the scope of counterfeit and inferior drugs has been revised, and drugs imported without approval have not been classified as counterfeit drugs. At the same time, respond to questions such as whether the network can sell prescription drugs.

　　Because China has not implemented compulsory license, some cancer patients are still "illegally" buying foreign generic drugs to save themselves. The experience of Lu Yong, a leukemia patient in Dying to Survive, is a true portrayal of this situation. In order to alleviate the contradiction of "expensive medical treatment" among the people, and let the public use good drugs more quickly and afford good drugs, the State Council requires speeding up the examination and approval of new drugs listed overseas and strengthening the supply guarantee of drugs in short supply, which are all reflected in the newly revised Drug Administration Law.

　　Yuan Jie, director of the Administrative Law Office of the Legal Affairs Committee of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), said at today’s press conference that the import of drugs from abroad must be approved, which is a rule and principle made by law. Drugs that have not been approved, even those that have been legally listed abroad, cannot be imported. This time, the scope of counterfeit and inferior drugs was revised, and drugs imported without approval were no longer classified as counterfeit drugs, which was a response to the concerns of the people. The newly revised Drug Administration Law stipulates that if the circumstances are minor, the punishment may be reduced or exempted for importing a small amount of drugs legally listed abroad.

　　"It is not the same as reducing the punishment to take drugs imported without approval out of counterfeit drugs and stipulate them separately." Yuan Jie said that the law has strictly set legal responsibilities, and the production, import and sale of counterfeit and inferior drugs without obtaining the drug approval documents are still punished according to the production, import and sale of counterfeit and inferior drugs.

　　To implement the drug administration law well, the responsibility of the regulatory authorities should not be underestimated. Yuan Jie said that in the chapter on supervision and management, it is stipulated that if the drug supervision and administration department finds that a drug violation is suspected of committing a crime, it shall promptly transfer the case to the public security organ. The public security organ, the people’s procuratorate and the people’s court shall promptly transfer the case to the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department if there is no need to pursue criminal responsibility or be exempted from criminal punishment according to law, but administrative responsibility should be pursued.

　　There is a high degree of social concern about whether prescription drugs can be sold online. In this regard, the newly revised Drug Administration Law also responded. Liu Pei, director of the Policy and Regulation Department of National Medical Products Administration, said that the current law clearly stipulates that prescription drugs cannot be sold directly to the public through the Internet, and the revised Drug Administration Law stipulates the principle of comparison in selling drugs through the Internet, that is, it requires the drug sales through the Internet to comply with the relevant provisions on drug management, and authorizes the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council to formulate specific measures in conjunction with the health authorities of the State Council and other departments, and stipulates that several types of specially managed drugs cannot be sold online.

　　The newly revised drug administration law will come into effect on December 1 this year.

On May 26th, Netease Cloud Music officially submitted a prospectus to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which disclosed the core operating data of Netease Cloud Music for the first time. Among them, in 2020, the platform revenue was 4.896 billion yuan (RMB, the same below), the average monthly activity of online music service was 181 million, and the online music payment rate was 8.8%.　　

Netease Cloud Music was officially launched in April 2013, focusing on music discovery and sharing. Netease is the controlling shareholder of Netease Cloud Music. According to the prospectus, the revenues of Netease Cloud Music from 2018 to 2020 were 1.148 billion yuan, 2.318 billion yuan and 4.896 billion yuan respectively, with year-on-year growth of 101.9% and 111.2% respectively in the past two years. Online music service, community entertainment service and others are the two major revenues of Netease Cloud Music. With the growth of community entertainment service and other business income, its revenue is gradually diversified. In 2019, they accounted for 76.6% and 23.4% respectively, and in 2020 they accounted for 53.6% and 46.4% respectively.　　

The so-called online music service can be simply understood as paying for members. From 2018 to 2020, the monthly accounts of online music services of Netease Cloud Music were 105 million, 147 million and 181 million respectively, among which the number of paid members was about 4.2 million, 8.63 million and 16 million respectively. From 2018 to 2020, online music service achieved revenue of 1.026 billion yuan, 1.777 billion yuan and 2.623 billion yuan respectively, and the average monthly income per paying user was 8.9 yuan, 9.3 yuan and 8.4 yuan respectively.　　

The so-called social entertainment services and other income can be simply understood as live broadcast, value-added services and advertising. From 2018 to 2020, the number of monthly paid accounts for social entertainment services of Netease Cloud Music was about 5800, 91700 and 327100 respectively. From 2018 to 2020, community entertainment services and others achieved revenues of 122 million yuan, 541 million yuan and 2.273 billion yuan respectively, and the average monthly income per paying user increased from 477.6 yuan in 2019 to 573.8 yuan in 2020.　　

It is worth noting that Netease Cloud Music has not yet achieved profitability, and its net losses from 2018 to 2020 are 2.006 billion yuan, 2.016 billion yuan and 2.951 billion yuan respectively; Its adjusted net losses from 2018 to 2020 were 1.814 billion yuan, 1.580 billion yuan and 1.568 billion yuan respectively.

　

According to the prospectus, Netease Cloud Music’s fundraising will be mainly used to cultivate the music community, enrich diverse music content, and continue to innovate and improve technical capabilities. At the same time, deepen cooperation with various partners and further expand the diversified business model of the platform. The sponsors are BofASecurities, CICC and Credit Suisse.　　

Copyright war in the first half, refined operation in the second half　　

In fact, Internet companies such as Tencent, Baidu, Ali and Netease have all laid out in the music field, forming the whole industrial chain layout of online music, online karaoke, offline performances and digital albums. However, with Baidu Music being managed by Taihe Music and Xiami Music shut down, Cool Dog Music, QQ Music and Cool Me Music under Tencent Music Entertainment and Netease Cloud Music under Netease Company have become one of the few players in the online field.　　

The last round of stories in the online music market originated from copyright. Due to historical reasons such as "free download", Baidu Music did not buy more music copyrights, and QQ Music, Xiami Music Music and Cool Dog Music took the opportunity to rise. Although the market did not form an absolute advantage at that time, the copyrights in their hands were enough for them to gather a group of audiences.　　

The advantage of copyright has also become a key turning point in the history of Tencent’s music entertainment. In 2016, Tencent merged its QQ music business with China Music Group. Tencent replaced its equity with resources and became the largest shareholder of the newly established Tencent Music Entertainment Group. It includes three online music platforms: QQ Music, Cool Me Music and Cool Dog Music, two live broadcast platforms: Cool Dog Live and Cool Me Live, and a national karaoke platform.　　

Since then, most domestic online music platforms have a certain amount of exclusive copyright, forming a situation of "one super and many strong". There are also offensive and defensive issues in copyright resale, among which Tencent Music Entertainment, which has the most exclusive copyright, and Netease Cloud Music, the "upstart", are the most fiercely contested. Tencent Music Entertainment has asked Netease Cloud Music to remove songs on the grounds of copyright three times. In 2017, when the copyright issue was the most serious, Ding Lei, CEO and director of Netease, also made a speech.　　

Finally, under the mediation of the National Copyright Administration, Tencent Music Entertainment and Netease Cloud Music reached an agreement on the cooperation of online music copyright, and the two parties will authorize each other more than 99% of their exclusive music works, and agree to carry out long-term cooperation in music copyright. Earlier, Tencent Music Entertainment had reached a copyright transfer cooperation with Ali Music. In other words, with the "entry" of the National Copyright Administration, domestic mainstream music platforms have carried out several rounds of mutual authorization, and finally the copyright libraries are basically similar.　　

In recent years, Netease Cloud Music has also actively reached a direct authorization with record companies. On the day when Netease released its financial report this year (May 18th), Netease Cloud Music and Sony Music reached a copyright agreement. So far, Netease Cloud Music has collected the copyrights of the three major record companies. In this regard, Ding Lei, CEO and director of Netease, said that we are very active in cooperating with various upstream content providers to help them publish high-quality music content. This has always been our goal, and we will actively cooperate with more upstream content providers in the future. In terms of IoT, whether it is a car or a smart home, it is a music playback scene that Netease Cloud cooperates very closely.　　

After the copyright war died down, refined operation became the consensus of all families. There are also differences in the ways of choice. Tencent Music Entertainment has made great efforts in the fields of live broadcast, karaoke and long audio. Netease Cloud Music tried short video, live broadcast and knowledge payment, and finally found the community positioning.　　

After 90% of active users are 90, change the form of traditional music products.　

According to the prospectus, in 2020, the average daily listening time of Netease Cloud Music users is 76 minutes. Users who actively create UGC account for 25%. By the end of 2020, the total number of song lists created by Netease Cloud Music users exceeded 2 billion, ranking first in China, with the highest user participation. Netease Cloud Music also keeps leading the industry in the data of per capita daily usage frequency, new user retention rate and active user retention rate.　　

Relying on the positioning of music community and music discovery and sharing, Netease Cloud Music has changed the form of traditional online music products. Users’ habit of listening to songs has changed from "search mode" to "recommendation mode". According to the data in the prospectus, at present, Netease Cloud Music users have 2.8 artificial intelligence recommendations from the platform for every 10 songs they listen to on average. Innovative functions such as music criticism fully release the value of music connecting people’s emotions. 48% users of Netease Cloud Music will watch music reviews.　　

According to the consulting data, Netease Cloud Music is the most popular online music platform among young users born in 1990s in China. The unique community atmosphere makes the platform popular with a large number of young users and creators, who nicknamed Netease Cloud Music "Cloud Village". According to Mob Research Institute’s "Picture Book of Generation Z College Students", Netease Cloud Music has become the most popular entertainment APP for Generation Z college students with high active users and high TGI (preference). According to the prospectus, about 90% of Netease Cloud Music’s active users are post-90 s.　　

According to QuestMobile2020“Z Insight Report on "Generation Z", the online consumption ability and willingness of Generation Z (post-95 s and post-00 s) are much higher than those of the whole network users; At the same time, Generation Z is also a heavy user of mobile Internet, and its depth and breadth of use are higher than the average level of the whole network. The famous "adolescent effect" in the music market shows that the songs you listen to when you are young will affect your musical taste all your life. The music community where young users gather has more profound emotional value, which also means that the platform itself will have longer vitality.　　

In addition, Netease Cloud Music also actively supports original musicians. According to the data in the prospectus, as of 2020, Netease Cloud Music has more than 230,000 original musicians, and the original musicians’ works account for 45% of the number of songs played on the platform.　　

According to reports, Netease Cloud Music is the first music platform supported by original music in China. On the day of its launch in 2013, Netease Cloud Music announced that it would "create the best communication channel and space for thousands of musicians in Qian Qian, China". Since then, the platform has successively launched the industry’s first systematic musician support plan "Stone Plan", the "Ladder Plan", which pioneered many music revenue models, and the first large-scale original musician’s annual festival in China, "Hard-ground Furnace Night" and many other initiatives, which helped the original music market to keep pace with mainstream commercial music from being neglected.　　

The rapid development of original music in mainland China, on the one hand, has promoted the vitality of the music market in China. The landlord’s cat, Yan Renzhong, Vicky Genie Chen and many other new generation musicians became popular from Netease Cloud Music; Various music types, such as national wind, folk songs and electronic music, have also moved from Yuncun to the whole network, from the small crowd to the public. On the other hand, as an important part of the national tide, the rising original music has also become an important carrier of cultural communication in China.　　

Beijing News Shell Finance Reporter Bai Jinlei Editor Xu Chaoproofread Lin Zhao

In today’s digital age, banks are constantly introducing innovative authentication methods to improve the security and convenience of services. As a new technology, breath recognition verification is gradually being applied in the banking field. The following is a detailed introduction to how to handle the respiratory identification verification business in the bank.

First, you need to go to the bank’s business outlets. Before you go, it is recommended that you know the business hours of the bank outlets in advance to avoid unnecessary waiting. After arriving at the bank, you can consult the lobby manager about the process and related matters of respiratory identification verification business.

Next, the bank staff will introduce you to the characteristics and advantages of breath recognition verification, and assist you in relevant preparations. Usually, you need to provide valid identity documents to verify your identity information.

During the processing, you will be guided to the special equipment area. These devices are rigorously tested and calibrated to accurately capture your breathing characteristics. When collecting respiratory identification, you need to take deep breaths and breathe steadily according to the prompts of the equipment, so as to ensure that the equipment can obtain accurate and complete respiratory data.

The bank will encrypt and store the collected respiratory data to ensure your information security. At the same time, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of verification, you may be required to collect and verify many times.

After the collection of respiratory identification data, the bank will associate and bind your identity information with respiratory characteristics. In the subsequent business processing, when authentication is needed, you only need to breathe according to the prompts, and the system will automatically compare your breathing characteristics, thus quickly completing the authentication.

It should be noted that different banks may have slightly different business processes for breath recognition verification. The following is a list of some common banks for you:

| Name of bank | Characteristics of handling process | Time required | Additional requirements |
|—-|—-|—-|—-|
| Bank A| The process is relatively simple and the equipment is advanced | About 30 minutes | None |
| Bank B| Pay attention to customer guidance and explain in detail | About 45 minutes | You may need to make an appointment in advance |
| Bank C| adopts multiple authentication, with high security | about 1 hour | needs to open specific business |

In a word, it is a relatively simple but very important process to handle the bank breath recognition verification business. It not only brings convenience to your banking business, but also greatly improves the security of your account. I hope the above contents can help you handle this business smoothly.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Shen Teng and Mary have finally made a new film together!

Apart from other things, just listening to these two names makes people feel refreshed at once.

The last time I saw the pair lead the big-screen comedy, it was about seven years ago in goodbye mr. loser.

"As soon as Charlotte was born, her father was missing …"

"What may the horse? What winter plum? Madong what? "

In the past seven years, many comedies have made us laugh, but the famous scene of Charlotte has been living in our mobile phones and minds, and it is still worth saying "You are my god".

With Shen Teng and Mary here, no one really needs to give another reason to visit Moon Man, because there is no reason not to visit at all.

This time, Shen Teng is no longer a Charlotte who traveled through time and space, but a maintenance worker who was left alone on the moon.

Mary is no longer Ma Dongmei who is dead set on Charlotte, but Ma Lanxing, the dream lover of Duguyue and the elusive moon landing leader.

We just use all our strength to prepare-laugh!

In the moon shield project, the meteorite struck ahead of time, and all the staff were evacuated urgently, so it happened that Duguyue was left alone on the moon. We thought he would persevere in order to survive, but unexpectedly, his moon was rotten and his jar was broken.

Overeating and unshaven, the moon base was created by him alive as a "pigsty".

Until suddenly one day, I found another surviving companion.

It has slender legs, tight and round hips and developed chest muscles …

This strong red kangaroo has just become the eldest brother of the moon, and she doesn’t know Duguyue without fighting.

Duguyue’s getting along with Gangzi shows Mahua FunAge’s skill in creating comic effect in body movements.

A kangaroo wearing a spacesuit on the moon, thinking about it is enough to open a brain hole, but carelessly, this kangaroo is still crazy about manipulating the spacecraft.

It’s funny and exciting.

Even because of the existence of Gangzi, the middle part of the story is pushed to a romantic climax. As for how romantic and magnificent it is, we can only shut it down first and wait for everyone to see for themselves.

Uncle Teng and Gangzi’s scenes are really unexpected and funny, but when they fall back to Shen Teng and Mary, their comedy effect is as usual, and the burden is very dense, with homophonic stalks and comedy stalks one after another.

Although some comedians think that homophonic stalks are not complicated and advanced enough, in movies, if they are used in the right place, there will always be unexpected beauty.

The director played by Li Chengru in the film, "Is there a play?" Then play a play. Suddenly changed the homophonic terrier of Hong Kong and Pu, passing by, but in a daze, we felt that the old man was "a little interesting".

For supporting actors, this effortless little burden can always create interesting people in the details and add comedy atmosphere. This is also essential for a comedy.

In addition to this kind of simple and easy-to-operate homophonic stalks, there are many comedy stalks that Mahua FunAge is very good at, which is simply enjoyable.

Mary anxiously, subordinate (Chang Yuan ornaments) brought a glass of water, and Mary gulped it down.

Chang Yuan: Just boiled.

The next second, Mary’s voice had been burnt hoarse, and he asked hoarsely with hot air: Have you contacted Duguyue?

This is a very typical Mahua FunAge-style comedy burden. Without redundant situational settings, extremely concise lines and action feedback constitute a very contrasting comedy paragraph.

Short and pithy, hit it with one blow.

And this "hot water stalk" was not used up in the film, and it was repeated several times in different forms, deepening everyone’s impression of this stalk by constantly call back, so that this stalk was played to the extreme.

This is a very typical twist comedy practice, with a spirit once.

And this "hot water stalk" has also formed a certain echo with the "drink more hot water" that we spit out every day. It can be said that the stalk is played to the extreme and played thoroughly.

After the lonely moon on the moon finally contacted the earth, she couldn’t help confessing to Ma Lanxing, "Ma Lanxing, I don’t blame you at all for leaving me on the moon. If I go back then, will you still leave me?"

This was originally a very affectionate paragraph, with Shen Teng’s deep voice and sensational atmosphere music. Everyone thought that Ma Lanxing would be moved and shouted "Never again" in the next second.

But what happened?

Ma Lanxing answered without hesitation: Yes.

Duguyue, who fell into a deep feeling, was instantly planed, and a stool fell out of the camera.

It is also a very extreme emotional reversal, and sensational and funny are on the line. As soon as we were ready to receive the protagonist’s deep affection, we were awakened by the reality mercilessly. For a time, we would suddenly turn the emotion that flooded our hearts into a bitter laugh, and we couldn’t tell whether we were laughing at the role or ourselves.

But then, Du Guyue dispelled the little bitterness in our laughter with a self-deprecating spit, and turned the self-pity of the affectionate person into a love full of joy.

"You are so cold-blooded, I really like it!"

Between spitting and self-mockery, the ending of laughter was completed.

During the twists and turns, our emotions experienced moving-disappointment-self-mockery-letting go, and these complicated and unspeakable emotions were relieved by laughter.

This is a very adult emotional expression, but also a very clever comedy technique-with a simple paragraph, a few simple dialogues, creating a very bipolar emotional tension.

This emotional tension between relaxation and relaxation is precisely the charm of Moon Man.

Its funny lies in words, baggage and plot, but its charm lies in that it can make us laugh one second and burst into tears the next. This extreme emotional experience is the real moving part of this film.

Some people say that the core of comedy is tragedy. Although it sounds unreasonable, we have to admit that sometimes there is only a thin line between laughter and tears.

The transition between laughing and crying is a gap in the character’s true feelings.

Under the package of laughter, we walked into the inner world of the characters little by little.

Duguyue, who was forgotten on the moon, thought that she was the only surviving human being in the world after witnessing the accident, so she smashed it every day and mixed it for death. Calling the earth failed again and again, and he gradually gave up hope and self until Gangzi appeared.

Gangzi and Duguyue can’t get along harmoniously, even every day, the chicken flies and the dog jumps, and the face is black and blue, but at least, Duguyue is no longer lonely, and there is a companion on the moon.

Chang ‘e is accompanied by a moon rabbit, and Duguyue is accompanied by a kangaroo. At least, she is no longer alone.

He even formed a strange little family with Gangzi. The family members include photos of Duguyue, Kangaroo Gangzi and Ma Lanxing.

It sounds incredible and looks very funny, but deep down, this is the most real emotional need of a human being isolated on the moon alone-the desire for family and family.

Even on the moon, people’s attachment to family and emotions can’t be cut off by time and space, and even because of the vastness of the universe, they are increasingly attached to home.

From this, we have a more personal experience of the love and killing between Duguyue and Gangzi. This greedy and grumpy kangaroo gave Duguyue family-like warmth and companionship.

Extending from the emotional ties of this "small family", standing on the moon and looking at the earth, the earth is home, which is the local ties of all mankind.

There is a funny and crying scene in the film. Duguyue points to the distant blue planet and says to Gangzi, "Earth, mother".

The tonality of comedy makes the sensation stop, but it does not detract from the emotional resonance we get from the picture.

Standing alone on the distant moon, Duguyue looks at the earth from afar. Behind the desolation is the yearning for home. This is a very primitive and sincere home feeling, which has an extremely amazing appeal in itself.

Therefore, when he thought that the hope of "returning to the earth" was shattered, he would lose hope and direction.

From building a strange little family on the moon to returning to the home of the earth. The whole story understands the "homeland complex" of modern people layer by layer.

We have seen what a person can pay and sacrifice for his home.

From this emotional core, it is really very touching and good enough to cry.

The wonderful thing is that it finds a very delicate balance between crying and laughing, changing emotions at all times and mobilizing all our emotions.

Proper limit, who holds the comedy film, immediately used the baggage to change her mood when the tears just poured out, making everyone smile through tears …

For example, the earth sends a signal to Duguyue to let him know that he is not alone in this universe.

The moment when the signal lights up is very touching. Everyone is about to cry under the emotional inspiration, but in the next second, they laugh wildly because the slogan is not well played.

"How can you swear!"

That’s it. Between laughing and crying, we are like sitting on an emotional rocket and experiencing laughter and tears in a subtle sense.

This subtle proper limit is the unique charm of this film in emotional balance, which pushes comedy into a richer and more multidimensional emotional field.

Of course, after pushing emotional feelings to the extreme, it also explores a broader world visually.

We used to see more urban comedies, romantic comedies, nonsense comedies, etc. Under the traditional creative concept, comedy is a story with a small incision, but this time, the boundaries of comedy have become extremely vast, covering the Milky Way.

The moon base built entirely, and 95% of the shots in the whole film involve special effects …

This very "make a mountain out of a molehill" method shows us that comedy can also bring the ultimate visual shock in such a heavy industry way.

When comedy and science fiction meet, behind this type of hybridity, it reflects that the inflection point of comedy and science fiction comes at the same time-comedy can strike hard in visual effect, and science fiction can also lift the weight lightly in the story.

There is no answer at the end of the universe, but the end of the movie is always the common emotion of human beings.

Whether it is comedy or science fiction, we have paid a lot of emotions, tasted life in tears, laughter, acidity and happiness, and spent a wonderful journey.

In this sense, Moon Man shows a brand-new future for comedies with his extreme emotional experience and super visual shock.

Fat Donglai, known as "the first supermarket in China", is experiencing happy troubles.

Due to the recent explosion of fire, Fat East has attracted a lot of "purchasing". These people queued up early and snapped up all the hot goods when they entered the door. It is not uncommon for a person to guard more than a dozen shopping carts, which seriously affected the buying experience of normal customers. "It’s all about purchasing, and entering the door is like charging." "The happiness of local people is gone." A Xuchang netizen expressed his dissatisfaction.

But this does not affect the popularity of the "purchasing" business at all. Someone set up a stall in front of the supermarket, and a box of beer in 60 yuan was directly sold in 20 yuan at a higher price. Others hung the robbed goods on the online mall and started a "second-hand fat east". On an e-commerce platform, there are hundreds of results in the search for "Fat Donglai Purchasing". A beer from Fat Donglai was sold for 18,000 orders at twice the price.

Even the purchasing fee has been invented. According to a purchasing person, the purchasing fee for goods below 100 yuan is around 10 yuan, while the purchasing fee for rare goods such as tea can reach 100 yuan.

On April 5, Fat Donglai issued a statement demanding that these "second-hand Fat Donglai" shops stop infringing, but with little effect. The offline processing method is also unsatisfactory-because Fat Donglai can’t distinguish between normal customers and purchasing personnel, he can only take measures to limit purchases, and both sides are not pleased.

In desperation, Yu Donglai, the founder of Fat Donglai, directly turned to netizens for help in Tik Tok: "Let’s discuss what good solutions are available, including friends who are purchasing, and let’s move towards beauty together."

Why are there so many purchases in Fat East? This also starts with the explosion of fire from the fat east.

#01

become widely known

–

Fat Donglai was first hotly debated in 2021. In April 2021, a milk tea product of "0 sucrose" under Yuanqi Forest was proved to contain sugar, which attracted a lot of abuse. After getting the news, Fat Donglai immediately removed all the products of Yuanqi Forest, and it was not until the "0 sucrose" on the package was changed to "low sugar" that it was put back on the shelf. After this move was posted online, Fat Donglai quickly rushed to the hot search, and the image of "Conscience Enterprise" was initially known by the whole network.

The further explosion of Pangdonglai was in 2023.

First of all, in a salary picture of a fat man from the East circulated on the Internet in March last year, a subsidy named "grievance award" attracted everyone’s attention. As the name implies, the "grievance award" is the compensation for employees who have been wronged. The picture shows that the compensation amount is 5000-8000 yuan. Although Pang Donglai responded that the "grievance award" does exist, but it is not so high. Actually, it is 500-5,000 yuan, but it really envies netizens. Some people ridiculed: "Going to work in Pang Donglai does not require salary, as long as you are wronged twice a month."

This was followed by the "eight-page investigation report" incident in June last year. Because a customer had a dispute with an employee from Fat East, Fat East released an 8-page investigation report, in which the cause, process and result of the dispute were written in great detail, and the most admirable thing was the handling result-

Pang Donglai admitted that there were problems in the service process, and decided to demote all the managers for three months, and brought gifts and service complaint prizes from 500 yuan to apologize to customers. But at the same time, Pang Donglai thinks that although the customer’s rights and interests have been damaged, he did not choose to feedback the problem through the complaint channel, but blamed the employees loudly on the spot, which caused serious harm to the personality and dignity of the employees. Therefore, Fat Donglai decided to give employees a mental compensation of 5,000 yuan.

This result of "respecting and caring for customers, but definitely not at the expense of belittling employees" has been well received. Some netizens said: "Let’s not talk about who is right or wrong, but it is the first time to see such a detailed investigation report on the Internet."

A similar investigation report also appeared in a "taste storm" in February this year. On February 15th, a video on the Internet showed that when an employee from Fat East was cooking a staff meal in the back kitchen, the chopsticks that he tasted noodles were directly stirred in the pot without changing the washing. In this regard, Fat Donglai quickly produced a 13-page investigation report, which finally decided: "Let the employees involved adjust their positions, but they can continue to work in Fat Donglai."

But the most touching thing in this matter is not the result, but the process. According to the report, this result is a democratic resolution that two voting schemes are jointly worked out from four groups of treatment schemes and then handed over to employees for voting. What is even more unexpected is that Fat Donglai also explained the specific reasons for the two voting schemes in the report, especially in the cause analysis, which was full of reflections on the company’s system problems, rather than personal criticism of employees, which was well-founded and convincing.

It is these consecutive events that have made Fat Donglai completely out of the circle, and now a small matter can cause great concern. This is evidenced by two hot searches: Yu Donglai said recently that "forcing employees to please customers is immoral", he denounced the culture of "overtime", and then "Fat East allows employees to sit and read books when they are not busy" and "Let employees become people with independent personality".

The most amazing thing is that no one thinks that Fat East came by luck. On the contrary, in the eyes of most people, Fat East should have been on fire long ago.

#02

Why is it from the fat east?

–

In 1995, when Fat Donglai was just established in Xuchang, Henan Province, it was at a time when counterfeiting was prevalent. However, Yu Donglai, the founder of Fat Donglai, promised never to sell fake goods as soon as he came up, and also made a slogan of "Return if you are not satisfied". As a result, the business was so good that "it was too late to put the money in the drawer, put a box on the ground, and throw it directly into the box with your feet".

● The predecessor of Pangdonglai/Wangyuelou Pangzi Store

But if that’s all, then Fat East is just a supermarket that can make money. What really makes Fat Donglai a legend in the industry is the implementation of the "people-oriented" corporate culture after 1998, which is used in Donglai’s own words: "I have to let my employees have no worries in life."

In 1998, in order to protect several female employees in the store from being harassed by the underworld, Yu Donglai was retaliated by the underworld. Overnight, Pangdonglai was completely burned by the fire, and eight employees from Pangdonglai died on the spot.

This is the "315 Extraordinary Arson Case" that shocked Xuchang that year. This incident was a great blow to Donglai, but the local people encouraged him and hoped that he would cheer up. A strange old lady said to him, "Son, don’t stand up because of this. If you have no money, your uncle and I have saved more than 20 thousand yuan." I’ll bring it to you if you want to use it. "

The trust of Xuchang people made Yu Donglai start again, and also made him secretly swear: "No matter whether Fat East comes to earn money or not, in order to repay the feelings of the masses, we should also do our work well."

This determination is reflected in the future employee treatment of Fat Donglai.

One is the salary of employees. The salary of employees from Fat East is more than twice the local average salary. Front-line employees such as sales and security also have various commissions and subsidies. Now a cleaner from Fat East can earn 40,000 to 50,000 yuan a year. In addition to wages, there is also a company profit dividend. Since 2000, Yu Donglai has decided to distribute the profits to employees. From the beginning, he took out 50% of the profits and gradually increased it, and now it has become 95%. Yu Donglai always told the boss who came to study that if he couldn’t give 50% of the profits to his employees, it would be useless to study.

The other is employee leave. Fat Donglai stipulated very early that the working hours should not exceed 7 hours. "If the middle and senior managers are still in the company after 18:00, they will be fined 5,000 yuan at a time." When deciding to close the store every Tuesday in 2012, Yu Donglai asked the shareholders that if the annual profit is 200 million, closing the store every Tuesday will lose 70 million, then we "want profit or happiness". As a result, the shareholders all said that we should be happy. After 2014, Yu Donglai forced employees to take four weeks paid leave every year. He said: "It is to let employees go out to play, rest at home and relax themselves. This is to make employees happy."

This is a business world where "squeezing" employees has become a common phenomenon, but Fat Donglai has made employees feel happy and respected by violating business intuition. As a result, everyone treats customers with excellent service, and finally brings customers an excellent shopping experience.

There is a joke circulating in the industry: With the Fat Donglai supermarket as the center, 2 kilometers in Fiona Fang is the "supermarket cemetery". It means that as long as there is a fat east, the supermarket next to it can’t live. A typical example is that after Fat Donglai opened in Xinxiang in 2005, the local three supermarkets, Dennis, Century Lianhua and Wal-Mart, closed down one after another in a few years.

Another thing is that when Fat Donglai was preparing to withdraw from Xinxiang in 2016 because of the increase in rent, Xinxiang citizens and local deputy mayors came forward to retain him, which made Fat Donglai choose to change his address to reopen, and it was crowded on the opening day, and a large number of traffic police came to maintain order.

Dennis, Century Lianhua and Wal-Mart are all famous giants. In 2016, there were a large number of e-commerce companies such as Taobao, JD.COM and Pinduoduo. But why do local people love Fat East?

The answer is probably a cliche: service.

It is not without reason that Fat Donglai is called "Haidilao in the supermarket industry". Before entering the door, the parking lot is ready with a canopy, and there is a pet storage room at the door. There are all kinds of places for pets to eat and drink Lazar, and even a love station for sanitation workers to drink water for free. The service inside the supermarket is more thoughtful, with a bench on the shopping cart. If you are tired, sit down and have a rest. The configuration of the bathroom is also comprehensive, and there are never many hand creams and hair bands on the sink; Customers don’t have to be afraid to buy too much, because there are often supermarket staff to help them put them on the car …

In fact, "service" is not a business secret, but "service" is a matter closely related to "people". As a netizen said, "How can an employee who doesn’t feel respect and happiness provide services that make others feel respect and happiness?"

#03

Fat east, can you copy it?

–

In recent years, there has always been a question around the Fat East: Can the Fat East be copied? Why didn’t there be a second Fat East?

As we all know, the profit rate of retail industry is not high, but the gross profit rate from Fat East is at a high level in the industry. In 2020, for example, the gross profit margin of Yonghui Supermarket is 21.37%, but it can reach 30% from Fat East. Then, how does Fat Donglai achieve high profits at such a high labor cost?

This is about its strong supply chain integration ability. In the early days, Fat Donglai joined forces with three retail enterprises, namely Xinyang West Asia, Nanyang Wandelong and Luoyang Dazhang, to reduce the purchase price of many commodities by 30%-50% year-on-year, so that he could continue to make profits and grow. After becoming famous, Fat Donglai further maintained its strong bargaining power with its huge sales volume and influence.

On this basis, Fat Donglai has launched its own brands in baking, fresh food, home and other categories, such as Explosicum cake, Xuemei Niang and other hot desserts, all from its own bread brand-Drikos bakery. Compared with purchasing goods directly from suppliers, the gross profit of private brands is higher. Take a self-operated liquor introduced in 2020 as an example. Before the price in 35 yuan, Fat Donglai also marked the ex-factory price in 28 yuan, and it was once sold out. An analysis report in 2022 showed that the self-harvesting rate of fresh cooked food from Pangdonglai basically reached more than 60%, which exceeded that of similar supermarkets such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Yonghui.

In the final analysis, all these measures depend on the monopoly position of Fat Donglai in the local market. Only when the cost is less, can the profits be more, and the employees’ high salaries can be obtained. This kind of regional supply chain management ability can only be achieved in Xuchang and Xinxiang, but others can’t learn it, and I’m afraid it can’t be copied by itself.

Not to mention the strict product supply and quality inspection system and the refined scientific management system.

Take the bean products in Xuchang Pangdonglai Fresh Food Zone as an example. These bean products, such as old tofu, bean skin and dried bean curd, all come from a village factory more than 30 kilometers away. The two sides have cooperated for 16 or 7 years. The boss of the factory once complained that because Fat Donglai had extremely high requirements for products, he once didn’t want to supply Fat Donglai again, but he also said: "For so many years, I have never been afraid to come to the factory for inspection, no matter in the city or town, because I know that Fat Donglai keeps coming to the factory to supervise and inspect, and the standards in our factory have been raised to a high level. I am not afraid of anyone who comes to inspect."

On the shelves from Fat East, the requirements for product quality can also be reflected everywhere. For example, fresh food not only indicates raw materials and storage time, but also has accurate values for sugar content and acidity. In addition, there are strict requirements on how to place goods and whether the surface is clean. If the display is not standardized, the arrangement is not timely or there is dust, the corresponding person in charge will be deducted. These requirements are written in more than 30 pages of new employee training manual, and every process of every position has a standard description. What these people can’t see before may really make it difficult for Fat East to copy.

If this is the objective reason why Fat East can’t be copied, then the business philosophy of boss Yu Donglai is the subjective reason. During a live broadcast, Yu Donglai was asked by netizens why Fat Donglai didn’t go to Zhengzhou. He blurted out: "The salary that Fat Donglai can afford is not enough for employees to live a decent life in Zhengzhou." Yu Donglai’s business philosophy is described by business observer Cai Yu as a kind of "gentry spirit"-"while expanding his business territory, he is taking care of his community with the gentry consciousness".

#04

Behind the pouring traffic

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But Excellence, such as being fat from the east, is not without its own problems, just like the current purchasing incident.

This has seriously affected the shopping experience of local consumers, which is one of them. The second is the essential problem reflected by the active purchasing, that is, the real and huge demand of foreign customers, and this demand is just too fat to meet. The sky-splashing demand brought by the sky-splashing traffic has become a happy worry for Fat East.

For the moment, in order to meet the demands of foreign users, opening online shopping malls should be the fastest solution. In fact, in March this year, Fat Donglai launched two WeChat applets, namely "Fat Donglai" and "Fat Donglai Department Store". At that time, after the news came out, it also ushered in a scene of hot sales, but a large influx of users quickly put the system into a maintenance state.

In addition, the online shopping mall from Pangdonglai has obvious defects, that is, although it is marked to be distributed throughout the country, when locating different regions, the categories of goods that can be selected will be different, and the delivery fee will be different. Users in Xuchang and Xinxiang can buy fresh fruits and vegetables, cooked food baking, leisure snacks, home department stores and other categories of goods, but users outside the two places can choose far fewer categories.

In fact, there are some signs that it is better to say that the measures on the line of Fat East are not in place, that is, it is not impossible, but not wanting.

As early as last March, Fat Donglai opened an online supermarket. At that time, the purpose was to take care of local customers who were inconvenient to go out, and on the other hand, to meet the needs of foreign consumers. However, it has been online for a whole year, but the related services to foreign users have not improved, which leads to being caught off guard in the face of the current explosion situation.

However, no matter how Fat Donglai chooses, as far as the whole retail industry is concerned, the integration of online and offline development is not only an irreversible trend, but also the basic consensus of industry personnel.

Many Shangchao brands have opened online channels. Sam member stores have vigorously laid out front warehouses, and now they have nearly 500 front warehouses nationwide. This allows Sam member stores to deliver goods in 30 minutes, which greatly increases the shopping experience of customers and makes its online sales exceed 50% of the total sales. Wal-Mart has achieved 100% nationwide online stores, from nationwide distribution service to one-hour speed, and the consumer experience has risen to a higher level. Yonghui Supermarket and Costco are also accelerating the layout of online business and promoting the strategic transformation of omni-channel business.

The coming out of the circle from the fat east has undoubtedly greatly raised the expectations of consumers everywhere, and it is different from the past after all. Especially when online shopping has become a part of adults’ daily life, do you stick to it or break through it? This is a problem that Fat Donglai, who has never left Henan, has to think about. At least, in the face of the user’s demand after the explosion, it is impossible for Fat Donglai to do nothing.

* Some references:

[1] CCTV interview "The Story of Three Brothers"

[2] Southern People Weekly "Fat East: Dominating a Fourth-tier City’s" Haidilao in Retail ""

[3] Half Buddha immortal "Fat East can’t come out of Henan, it is alive and clear."

[4] Extraordinary deep-fried dough sticks have been squeezed out again! Fat Dong came to open an online shopping mall and it was full in an instant.

[5] The most famous Funtalk is "Yellow Cattle Are Destroying Fat Donglai"

[6] The daily figure "Top Flow Fat East, why can’t you get out of Henan?" 》

Original title: "Fat East, to be yellowed by scalpers? 》

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