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For the post-85 s or post-90 s families in the career rising period, a large-space comfortable SUV is not only an upgrade of transportation, but also a reconstruction of family lifestyle-it needs to carry the laughter and laughter of camping on weekends, be competent for the comfortable demand of long-distance self-driving, and act as a mobile fortress for the whole family in daily commuting. When the market is caught in an involution of "parameter stacking",(positioningFamily Big Six Wisdom Flagship SUVStarting from the "real scene of family users", we "practice" ourselves in three dimensions: space design, comfortable experience and intelligent safety, which brings different choices to consumers.
The picture is as follows:Section 2025 Rear drive Ultra+
The following will be in 2025. Take the rear-drive Ultra+ as an example to see how the Deep Blue S09 performs.At the same time, let’s see what kind of performance can be achieved in the comparison between Deep Blue S09 and the same-class models (Wenjie M9 and Ideal L9)!
At present, the 2025 Deep Blue S09 offers five models, namely:Rear-drive Max, rear-drive Ultra, four-wheel drive Ultra, rear-drive Ultra+ and four-wheel drive Ultra+ are high-end versions, and the price is 239,900-309,900 yuan.
In the design part, Deep Blue S09 continues the latest family design scheme of Deep Blue Automobile, in which the front face adopts semi-closed design, and it is also equipped with split star ring petal penetrating headlight group (penetrating LED dynamic light strip above and adaptive full LED far and near light source system below). In addition, a trapezoidal blackened air inlet is added to the bottom of the front enclosure to enhance the visual layering and dynamic atmosphere of the front face.
Coming to the side of the car body, the slender body lines and tall body contours of the dark blue S09 make the whole car create a good sense of gas field. At the same time, a large number of curved surface designs are used in the car body, which further enhances the layering and strength of the vehicle with the ridge lines raised under the door and at the front and rear wheel arches.
In addition, Deep Blue 09 also provides electric adjustable exterior rearview mirror, electric hidden door handle, front and rear double-layer sound insulation glass, rear privacy glass and other configurations.
The body dimensions of Deep Blue S09 are as follows:5205x1996x1800mm, with a wheelbase of 3105mm, positioning a new energy large SUV.
In terms of wheels, the rear-drive version and the four-wheel drive Ultra models are equipped with 20-inch streaming wheels (255/50 R20), the four-wheel drive Ultra+ high-definition version is equipped with a 21-inch dome multi-spoke wheel hub+265/45 R21 Michelin PS4 SUV tire.
In terms of paint color, the rear-drive Max version only provides "Smoke Blue" paint color; The remaining models (Ultra version) are available in four paint colors (Xuan Mo Black, Shan Xue Yin, Cangshan Grey and Yanbo Blue).
In the rear part, the deep blue S09 uses a penetrating Milky Way petal neon taillight group+a luminous rear logo, and a spoiler+a high-position brake light is also equipped above the rear windshield. At the same time, a large area of blackened decoration+diffuser device is added to the bottom of the rear enclosure to enhance the vitality and dynamic properties of the rear.
In addition, Deep Blue S09 is also equipped with Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS (Huawei Gankun drives ADS SE and Huawei Gankun drives ADS Max.), the specific functions are as follows:
In addition, Deep Blue S09 is equipped with Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS Max (current version is 3.3), and will upgrade Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS 4 in the second half of 2025.
Intelligent assisted driving system is an important index to measure the scientific and technological content of modern automobiles, which is related to the safety and convenience of driving. It is a great "gospel" for busy families born after 1985/1990, and can reduce the burden in daily travel and long-distance driving.
Comparing the same class models (M9 and L9):
From the comparison of intelligent driving systems, Deep Blue S09 and Wenjie M9, with Huawei’s technical support, have performed well in functional richness and scene adaptability, and the ideal L9 still has room for improvement. However, all three cars provide high safety and convenience for family travel.
In the interior design part, the deep blue S09 center console area is equipped with a three-position flat-bottomed steering wheel (four-wheel drive Ultra+ high-fixed version supports electric adjustment/memory/heating of the steering wheel), a 43-inch adaptive smart HD AR-HUD, and a dual 15.6-inch central control screen [(15.6-inch central control screen +15.6-inch passenger entertainment screen), while the rear-drive Max does not provide a 15.6-inch passenger entertainment screen].
At the same time, Deep Blue S09 also uses electronic gear shifting mechanism, and also provides three interior colors (shale gray, turquoise rice, dawn orange).
Integrated intelligent mobile island (can move 700 mm to the back)
10-liter cold and warm refrigerator (adjustable from minus 6 to above 50)
Front row 50W mobile phone wireless charging panel
Sectional non-openable panoramic skylight (with electric sunshade)
In terms of configuration, Deep Blue S09 provides wireless charging of 50W mobile phone in the front row, built-in driving recorder, 256-color ambient light, automatic anti-glare of interior rearview mirror, rain-sensing wiper, three-zone automatic air conditioning, segmented panoramic sunroof (with electric sunshade) and other configurations, and it is also optional.Integrated intelligent mobile island +10-liter cold and warm refrigerator further enhances the convenience of passengers in the car.
The lathe part, Deep Blue S09 is equipped with.HarmonySpace 5 in HarmonyOS cockpit supports full scene interconnection (intelligent ecosystem of people and cars), in-vehicle application mall, online audio and video, 6-tone voice recognition system, children’s exclusive AI elf, space Rubik’s Cube (big bed mode/flagship four-seat/space customization), situational mode (nap mode/camping mode/cinema mode), mobile phone remote car control, gesture recognition, OTA upgrade of the whole vehicle, in-vehicle 5G network and other functions.
Car system is the "smart brain" in the car, which not only provides entertainment functions, but also affects the user’s operating experience and information acquisition. For the post-85 s/post-90 s families who pay attention to quality and sense of technology, a good car system is very important.
Comparing the same class models (M9 and L9):
On the whole, the HarmonyOS cockpit of Deep Blue S09 and Wenjie M9 performed well in system ecology and functional diversity, while the ideal intelligent space of the ideal L9 has its own characteristics in multi-screen interaction of family scenes, and users can choose according to their own emphasis on car functions.
In the seat part, the Deep Blue S09 adopts the layout of six "Yunqi seats", and the seats are wrapped in imitation leather or Nappa leather.
In terms of seat functionality, Deep Blue S09 comes standard with one/two/three rows of seats with electric adjustment, front seat memory and three rows of seats.50:50 ratio down. At the same time, the Ultra version also provides front seat heating/ventilation/massage/waist adjustment, two rows of seat heating/ventilation/memory/massage/waist adjustment/leg rest, and three rows of seat heating (three rows360mm ride height, three rows of 870mm leg space.) and other functions.
Two rows of double zero gravity seats
Two rows of folding tables
Two rows of 21.4-inch ceiling folding entertainment screens
20-channel loudspeaker
In addition, the Ultra version is equipped with two rows of double zero-gravity seats (supporting 180mm horizontal sliding and 121-degree one-button reclining), two rows of folding tables, two rows of 21.4-inch ceiling folding entertainment screens (3K resolution, 0 -79-degree angle adjustment) and a 20-channel sound system (7.3.4 panoramic sound, power of 2,232 watts), which further improves the passengers in the back row.
For family cars, the spacious and comfortable space is the key, especially for six-seat SUVs. To meet the travel needs of the whole family, every seat cannot be "wronged".
Comparing the same class models (M9 and L9):
From the comparison of ride space, Deep Blue S09/ Wonderland M9/ Ideal L9 has a good performance in terms of space flexibility, practicality, second/third row of ride space, etc., which can meet the needs of family travel, and can easily cope with daily commuting, long-distance travel, outdoor camping and other scenes.
In terms of storage space, the conventional storage capacity of the dark blue S09 trunk is 427 liters (seven 20-inch trunks can be placed), and one 20-inch trunk can be accommodated under the trunk cover. At the same time, when the third row of seats is put down, the storage volume of the trunk is increased to 1392 liters, which provides convenience for the placement of outdoor camping items or temporary rest during the trip.
[The conventional volume of the M9 six-seat trunk is 316 liters, and the third row of seats is raised to 1252 liters after being put down; The conventional storage capacity of the ideal L9 trunk is 332 liters, and it is raised to 1191 liters after the third row of seats are laid down.]
In addition, the deep blue S09 car seats also support a variety of layout modes: single bed (one/two rows of single-row seats), double bed (one/two rows of double-row seats), children’s bed (the third row of seats is laid down and the trunk is made into a bed), 1.9m rear cabin queen bed and 2.5m camping bed.
As for the power unit, Deep Blue S09 is equipped with the intelligent range extension system of the Force (1.5T range extension hybrid, the maximum power of 1.5T range extender is 110kW), and it provides two driving systems, namely, rear single motor and front and rear double motors. The detailed power parameters and energy consumption are as follows:
In terms of battery life, Deep Blue S09 matches the 40.18kWh provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited.Ferrous lithium phosphate golden bell battery pack (supporting 3C charging rate), in which the pure electric cruising range of WLTC with two-wheel drive version is 180km (two-wheel drive version)/170km (four-wheel drive version), and the comprehensive cruising range of WLTC is 972km (two-wheel drive version)/927km (four-wheel drive version).
In terms of charging efficiency, Deep Blue S09 supports DC fast charging and AC slow charging, in which the battery can be charged from 30% to 80% within 15 minutes in DC fast charging mode.
In the chassis part, Deep Blue S09 is equipped with front double wishbone independent suspension and rear H-arm multi-link independent suspension. At the same time, Deep Blue S09 also comes standard.R-EPS variable speed electric power steering system, comfort braking CTS 2.0, DTDS/EDTC torque adaptation, curve traction system VDC 2.0 and other software and hardware systems.
In addition, the Ultra version also provides a magic carpet intelligent suspension system (withPavement preview technology, the recognition accuracy is more than 95%), covering CDC continuous variable damping shock absorber+single cavity air suspension (70mm height adjustment), further improving the driving stability of the vehicle and the comfort of passengers in the vehicle.
In terms of passive safety, Deep Blue S09 adopts "Thirteen horizontal and five vertical diamond bodies "design scheme, in whichThe passenger compartment is all made of high-strength steel, and the length of the front collision beam is 1636 mm (81% vehicle width coverage); Cooperate with the standard main and passenger airbags, one or two rows of side airbags, and three rows of 2700 mm integrated side air curtains in the front, middle and rear, and do your best to ensure the safety of passengers in the car.
When the automobile industry entered the era of "customer value regression", the appearance of Deep Blue S09 brought a new trend to the six-seat SUV market: the real high-end is not the number on the configuration table, but a deep understanding of family needs; True wisdom is not cold technology, but making technology serve the temperature of life. For young families born after 1985 or 1990, a good traveling family "partner" never lets any family compromise on comfort and safety.
In addition, compared with the same-class models [Wenjie M9 (price of 469.8-569.8 million yuan) and Ideal L9 (price of 409.8-439.8 million yuan)], Deep Blue S09 provides the same level or even higher car experience as the same-class models at the price range of 23.99-30.99, and its overall performance deserves a big "praise".
Of course, whether any vehicle is suitable for you and your family members, you need to bring your family to experience it together!
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2021 is Cells The tenth anniversary of the publication of periodicals. As of now,Cells The journal has published more than 9,300 papers, and its homepage has been visited by more than 50,000 people every month. We support you. Cells The authors, readers, peer reviewers, editors and others who have contributed to the journal express their sincere thanks.
To celebrate this important moment, the journal created a series of commemorative special issues "10th Anniversary of Cells— Advances in Cell Microenvironment ",this special issue invited Professor Alexander Dityatev, Professor Mark R. Wilson and Professor Dmitri Rusakov, experts in the field of cell microenvironment, as guest editors. Related research topics focused on include, but are not limited to: ECM remodeling, mechanical transduction, stem cell niche, tumor microenvironment, neural network and synaptic microenvironment, reconstruction and repair of cell microenvironment with injectable ECM scaffold, gene therapy and pharmacological targeting, experimental modeling of microenvironment using micro-mode and micro-fluid, and system biology of cell microenvironment. We sincerely welcome all scholars and researchers in this field to contribute enthusiastically.
Deadline for submission of special issue: September 15th, 2022.
Guest editor
Prof. Dr. Alexander Dityatev
German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)
Prof. Dr. Alexander Dityatev is a professor at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the head of the molecular neuroplasticity group. He received his doctorate from the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry in St. Petersburg, Russia. His research group mainly studies extracellular matrix (ECM), and its potential mechanism involves many mechanisms, including L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, NMDA receptors, Ca2+-dependent K+ channels and the regulation of axonal excitability, focusing on the mechanism of controlling ECM up-regulation and downstream events affecting synaptic and cognitive functions. So far, his article has been cited 8570 times.
Prof. Dr. Mark R. Wilson
University of Wollongong, Australia
Prof. Dr. Mark R. Wilson is a senior professor of chemistry and molecular biology at the University of Wollongong, Australia. He took the lead in identifying and studying extracellular (secretory) mammalian chaperones and their roles in protein’s homeostasis (protein homeostasis). He also conducted basic research on protein homeostasis mechanism of supporting diseases, such as motor neuron diseases. His research team has accumulated expertise in a wide range of technical fields, including confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and the production of recombinant proteins that require a lot of post-translational modifications (such as extracellular chaperones). So far, his article has been cited 6562 times.
Prof. Dr. Dmitri Rusakov
university college london
Prof. Dr. Dmitri Rusakov is a professor at University College London and a member of the synaptic imaging team. He mainly studies the formation and integration of signals in neural circuits of astrocytes, the organizing principles of synaptic structure and function, the activity-dependent control of neurotransmitter release, and the nano-molar landscape of basic Ca2+ in neurons and astrocytes. Its research is helpful for interdisciplinary efforts to solve the cellular mechanism of epilepsy and other neurodegenerative diseases. Up to now, his articles have been cited 8141 times.
Special issue details page:
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cells/special_issues/Anniversary_Cell_Microenvironment
CellsPeriodical introduction
Editor in chief:
Cord Brakebusch, The University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Alexander E. Kalyuzhny, Neuroscience, USA
It mainly publishes research in cell biology, molecular biology and biophysics. At present, it has been included in databases such as SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE and PMC.
2020 Impact Factor: 6.600
2020 CiteScore: 6.663
Time to First Decision: 16 Days
Time to Publication: 39 Days
Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and other three departments.
Notice on printing and distributing the measures for the identification and management of intangible cultural heritage workshops
Jin Wen LV Fa [2022] No.69
Municipal Cultural and Tourism Bureaus, Human Resources and Social Security Bureaus and Rural Revitalization Bureaus:
In order to strengthen the standardized construction of non-legacy workshops in Shanxi Province, revitalize traditional crafts, promote employment and increase income, consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and help rural revitalization, the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security and the Provincial Rural Revitalization Bureau have formulated the Measures for the Identification and Management of Non-legacy Workshops, which are hereby printed and distributed to you. Please follow them and report the identification results to the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism for the record before the end of each year. The original "Measures for the Identification and Management of Intangible Cultural Heritage Workshops" (Jinwen Lvfa [2022] No.39) was abolished.
I hereby inform you.
Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism
Shanxi province labor resources and social security department
Shanxi province village revitalization bureau
December 31, 2022
(This piece is made public voluntarily)
Measures for the identification and management of intangible cultural heritage workshops
the firstIn order to promote the construction and management of non-legacy workshops in Shanxi Province, strengthen the protection of non-legacy workshops, increase employment, consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, and help rural revitalization, these measures are formulated in accordance with the spirit of the Notice on Continuously Promoting the Construction of Non-legacy Workshops to Help Rural Revitalization issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the General Office of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Comprehensive Department of the National Rural Revitalization Bureau, combined with the actual situation in our province.
the secondThe term "intangible cultural heritage workshop" as mentioned in these Measures refers to all kinds of business entities and production and processing points that rely on local intangible cultural heritage representative projects or traditional handicrafts to carry out intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance and drive local people to find jobs nearby.
ArticleCounty-level cultural and tourism departments, together with human resources, social security and rural revitalization departments, are responsible for the selection, identification and management of non-legacy workshops.
Article 4Meet the following conditions, you can declare the non-legacy workshop:
(a) relying on one or more non-legacy representative projects, or traditional handicrafts with characteristics and certain mass base and market prospects to carry out production;
(two) there are leading enterprises, cooperatives or leaders in the construction and operation of non-legacy workshops;
(3) Having the site, water and electricity heating, tools and equipment for production;
(four) there are specific systems and measures to help the people out of poverty (including the monitoring object of preventing poverty, the same below) and put them in place, so as to attract more people out of poverty and achieve good results;
(5) Having a standardized management and production system and paying labor remuneration in full and on time;
(six) the products produced have good market prospects, and there are platforms and channels for display and sales;
(seven) to carry out skills training for employees on a regular basis;
(eight) the enterprise or individual has good credit and no illegal acts.
Article 5Non-legacy poverty alleviation and employment workshops that have been established in poverty-stricken areas will be included in the support scope of non-legacy workshops in accordance with the regulations.
Article 6In principle, the declaration of non-legacy workshops is carried out once a year.
Article 7The following materials shall be submitted to declare the intangible cultural heritage workshop:
(a) the name and address of the intangible cultural heritage workshop, the name, inheritor, category and level of the intangible cultural heritage project, or the name and main business of traditional handicrafts;
(two) the original (for verification) and copy of the site lease contract, real estate license or land use certificate;
(3) Employees’ information, including the information on the employees of the poverty-stricken population, the original (prepared) and photocopy of the signed labor service agreement or contract, and the Employment Roster for Absorbing the Labor Force from Poverty-stricken Families;
(four) the basic information and vouchers of operating income and salary payment;
(five) other supporting materials to prove that they meet the conditions for recognition.
Article 8Procedures for identifying non-legacy workshops:
In accordance with the principle of territorial management, the non-legacy project business entities and production and processing points voluntarily apply, and the township (street) will be jointly recognized by the county-level cultural and tourism department in conjunction with the human resources and social security and rural revitalization departments at the same level after passing the preliminary examination.
(a) the township trial. The township (street) government shall conduct a preliminary examination of the application materials and conduct on-the-spot investigation and verification, confirm those that meet the requirements, and submit the relevant materials to the county-level cultural and tourism departments after signing and sealing.
(2) County-level review. After reviewing the application materials, the county-level cultural and tourism departments will jointly review with the management departments of rural revitalization, human resources and social security, finance, etc., and the review will follow the principles of fairness, impartiality and openness.
(3) publicity. The county-level administrative department of culture and tourism will publicize the list of institutions to be identified as non-legacy workshops on the government portal website for 5 working days.
(4) Confirmation and filing. Those who pass the evaluation and publicity shall be recognized, and awarded the "non-legacy workshop" plaque or related logo, and reported to the provincial and municipal competent departments for the record.
(5) establish files. Accurately and truly record the evaluation of the non-legacy workshops, collect and summarize all the information and results of the evaluation of the non-legacy workshops, archive and properly keep the minutes of the evaluation meetings, and establish a complete evaluation file of the non-legacy workshops.
Article 9County-level cultural and tourism administrative departments, human resources and social security, and rural revitalization departments should do a good job in the guidance, supervision, and service of non-legacy workshops, and take the following measures to support the work of non-legacy workshops:
(1) Support willing enterprises, cooperatives and leaders to set up non-legacy workshops in poverty-stricken areas, key counties for rural revitalization, and ex situ poverty alleviation relocation and resettlement areas. Encourage other regions to build non-legacy workshops, incorporate the construction of non-legacy workshops into the rural revitalization work system in this region, explore the work of non-legacy assistance to rural revitalization, and promote the sustainable development of non-legacy workshops.
(two) will meet the conditions of the intangible cultural heritage workshop project into the county to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization project library, to give corresponding support.
(3) Support non-legacy workshops to cultivate characteristic labor brands and improve the employment quality of non-legacy workshop personnel. Non-legacy workshops recognized as provincial-level labor brands enjoy relevant support policies.
(four) if the intangible workshop is identified as an employment assistance workshop, it will enjoy the employment assistance workshop support policy. If it is recognized as an employment assistance base, it will be given a one-time award of up to 250,000 yuan according to regulations. Eligible candidates are selected as intangible productive protection demonstration bases and intangible tourism experience bases, and enjoy relevant support policies.
(5) If all kinds of workers set up non-legacy workshops, they shall be given policy support such as tax reduction and exemption, venue arrangement, business guarantee loans and interest subsidies, one-time business start-up subsidies and business start-up training subsidies in accordance with relevant regulations.
(6) Support qualified leaders of intangible cultural heritage workshops to select representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage at all levels, rural cultural and tourism talents, rural craftsmen, etc.
(seven) in all levels of non-genetic inheritors training programs, set up special training for non-legacy workshops, carry out on-the-spot assistance actions, and build a sales platform for them. Relying on non-legacy workshops to carry out traditional manual vocational skills training, and giving vocational skills training subsidies to those who meet the requirements.
(eight) to establish a catalogue of non-legacy workshop products, to include high-quality non-legacy workshop products in the poverty alleviation consumption procurement catalogue, and to implant them in poverty alleviation supermarkets, agricultural supermarkets and other consumer places.
(nine) support the rational use of copyright, trademark rights, patent rights, etc., strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, and cultivate well-known brands of non-legacy workshops with local characteristics.
(ten) to encourage the A-level tourist attractions, historical and cultural blocks and other places to provide support for the construction of production experience and sales platform for non-legacy workshops.
Article 10The recognized non-legacy workshops shall confirm or update the registration information to the county-level cultural and tourism departments every year.
Article 11County-level cultural and tourism administrative departments shall, in principle, evaluate non-legacy workshops every two years and implement dynamic management. For outstanding non-legacy workshops, they should be informed of praise and be tilted in the support of relevant policies and funds; Non-legacy workshops that fail to implement relevant requirements, play a bad role in radiation driving or cause adverse effects in violation of the provisions of these measures shall be rectified within a time limit.
Article 12In any of the following circumstances, the county-level cultural and tourism departments, human resources and social security, and rural revitalization departments will automatically cancel their qualifications, announce them, and shall not re-declare them within 3 years from the date of revocation of their names:
(a) take fraud, false and other improper means to defraud the establishment of intangible cultural heritage workshop;
(two) the creation and production violates the socialist core values, infringes on public rights and interests, infringes on intellectual property rights and causes certain consequences;
(three) the main person in charge of the non-legacy workshop has violated the law and discipline;
(four) not to carry out the work of the workshop for more than one year;
(five) non-legacy workshops that have not confirmed the registration information to the county-level cultural and tourism departments for two consecutive years;
(six) illegal misappropriation of special financial subsidies;
(seven) the deadline for rectification can not meet the requirements;
(eight) other acts that should cancel the non-legacy workshop.
Article 13These Measures shall be interpreted by the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security and the Shanxi Provincial Rural Revitalization Bureau.
Article 14These Measures shall be implemented as of January 31, 2023 and shall be valid for 3 years. The original "Measures for the Identification and Management of Intangible Cultural Heritage Workshops" (Jinwen Lvfa [2022] No.39) was abolished. According to the actual needs, all localities can formulate detailed policies and measures to ensure the strong promotion of the construction of non-legacy workshops.
A lawyer’s letter is a kind of legal document, which is usually issued by a law firm or lawyer on behalf of a client to express a legal or commercial position. The lawyer’s letter sent by the bank is usually a way for the bank to formally convey legal information to the lender or related customers. The purpose of sending a lawyer’s letter may include reminding or warning the defaulting party to abide by the terms of the contract, urging repayment, seeking a settlement plan or informing the next legal action. It doesn’t necessarily mean that the bank has decided to sue, but it sends a formal attitude and follow-up intention to the other party. If you receive a lawyer’s letter, it means that the matter has entered the legal process, and it is recommended to take it seriously.
Receiving a lawyer’s letter does not necessarily mean that the bank will file a lawsuit. Lawyer’s letter is more of a warning and urging function, which can be regarded as a preparatory measure before bank litigation. Many times, the bank hopes that the lawyer’s letter will urge the other party to take action, such as timely repayment or negotiation with the bank for a solution, so as to avoid both parties entering more complicated and time-consuming litigation procedures. Whether we can really go to the prosecution stage depends on whether we can communicate and resolve disputes. If we can take effective actions after the lawyer’s letter and reach an agreement with the bank, the lawsuit may be avoided.
Banks usually choose to send a lawyer’s letter first rather than directly sue because the litigation procedure is complicated and consumes time and resources. It is a low-cost and effective way for banks to send lawyers’ letters, which can make borrowers aware of the legal consequences and urge them to take action. This way can also show the sincerity of the bank and show its willingness to negotiate with the other party to solve the problem. The contents in the lawyer’s letter can make the borrower know the seriousness of breach of contract and the possible legal risks, increase the opportunity of communication and avoid further deterioration of the situation.
After receiving a letter from a bank lawyer, the most important thing is not to ignore or underestimate its seriousness. Read the lawyer’s letter carefully, and make clear the bank’s demands and requirements, as well as the possible legal provisions. Contact the bank or law firm as soon as possible to understand the specific situation and express the willingness to solve the problem. If the arrears are true but difficult to repay in one lump sum, you can take the initiative to negotiate with the bank for installment payment or adjust the repayment conditions. If you have any objection to the contents of the lawyer’s letter, you can seek the help of professional lawyers to protect your legitimate rights and interests. Failure to deal with the lawyer’s letter may lead to further escalation of the situation and even enter the actual litigation stage.
The content of the lawyer’s letter is usually very formal, and the specific requirements and warning language will reveal the possibility of legal proceedings. If the lawyer’s letter clearly mentions that if an obligation is not fulfilled, legal measures will be taken, which indicates that prosecution is more likely. The lawyer’s letter may include a detailed description of the breach of contract and relevant legal basis. If you are not sure whether the lawyer’s letter is directly related to the lawsuit, you can consult a legal professional to interpret it so as to better judge the next action to be taken.
If you choose to ignore or take no action after receiving the lawyer’s letter from the bank, it may lead to a series of adverse consequences. The bank is a lawyer’s letter to show its formal attitude. If the borrower does not respond, the bank may take further legal action, such as filing a lawsuit. If the problem is not solved in time, the breach of contract may further affect the personal credit record and cause credit stain. The litigation process may increase the other party’s attorney’s fees, legal fees and other additional expenses, which will increase the economic pressure. It is very important to deal with lawyers’ letters in time.
Under normal circumstances, after receiving the lawyer’s letter, there is still a chance to reach a settlement with the bank through consultation to avoid further legal proceedings. One of the purposes of the bank’s lawyer’s letter is to hope that the borrower will realize the seriousness of the question and take the initiative to seek a solution. Communicate with the bank and put forward reasonable solutions, such as rescheduling the repayment plan or partially paying the arrears. If the two sides can reach an agreement, the bank may be willing to give up the prosecution. From the legal point of view, reconciliation is usually a low-cost and controllable dispute settlement method.
After receiving the lawyer’s letter from the bank, if you can’t fully understand the content or don’t know how to deal with it, it is recommended to seek professional legal advice as soon as possible. Lawyers can help to interpret the contents of lawyers’ letters, analyze legal risks and give the best solutions. Especially in the case of large debts or complex contracts, it is very important to invite lawyers or legal advisers to intervene. Professional help can not only avoid unnecessary losses, but also help borrowers to safeguard their rights and interests by legal means, such as putting forward appropriate defenses or negotiation schemes.
1. Paleolithic Age in China (about 3 million years ago-about 10,000 years ago)
1. Introduction to Paleolithic Age
Paleolithic period, the stage of human material and cultural development marked by the use of forged stone tools (see stone tools). The geological age belongs to the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene, starting about 3 million years ago and continuing until about 10 thousand years ago.
"Paleolithic Age" is a concept of time zone put forward by archaeologists. The so-called Stone Age does not mean that people at that time only used stone tools.
2. Paleolithic characteristics
People in this period of Paleolithic mainly hunted, fished and collected by making simple tools. Take Beijingers found in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China as an example. According to research, they used stone tools and wooden sticks to hunt wild animals and knew how to collect fruits to satisfy their hunger.
They mainly lived in caves, but in archaeology, a large number of traces such as charcoal, ashes and burnt bones were found in their caves, indicating that people at that time had mastered the technology of using fire and would cut down trees as fuel.
The main characteristics of paleolithic human beings are that the stone tools are mainly made of stone tools, including stone axes, chopping devices, scrapers, pointy devices and so on; Bone horn is very developed, and new tools such as bone fork, bone needle, bone fish dart and spear throwing device have appeared. Have learned to make, have begun to learn to sew, make decorations, paintings and sculptures; There has been the earliest burial custom.
3. Development of Paleolithic Age
Generally speaking, in the early Paleolithic period, human beings had learned to use fire, bone tools appeared in the middle period, simple combined tools were made in the late period, and matriarchal clans began to form.
Yuanmou ape-man, Lantian ape-man, Beijinger, Jinniushan man and caveman are basically in this period.
2. Neolithic Age in China (ranging from about 10,000 years ago to about 5,000 years ago to more than 2,000 years ago)
1. Introduction to the Neolithic Age
Neolithic Age is a time period set by archaeologists, which started about 10,000 years ago and ended from 5,000 years ago to 2,000 years ago.
Neolithic Age refers to the last stage of the Stone Age in archaeology, and the stage of human material and cultural development marked by the use of grinded stone tools.
This name was first put forward by British archaeologist lubbock in 1865. This era has entered the Holocene in geological age, and developed after the Paleolithic Age or the transition of the Mesolithic Age, belonging to the late Stone Age.
2. Characteristics of Neolithic Age
(1) the emergence of primitive agriculture;
(2) the manufacture of pottery;
(3) the extensive use of polished stone tools;
(4) The emergence of villages and the formation of clan system.
3. The significance of the Neolithic Age.
The agricultural revolution in the Neolithic Age has far-reaching significance. The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry has transformed the human economy from a predatory economy based on gathering and hunting in the Paleolithic to a productive economy based on agriculture and animal husbandry.
Humans have changed from food gatherers to food producers. This change in the way of obtaining food has changed the relationship between man and nature. The occurrence of agriculture and animal husbandry marks a leap in human understanding of nature, and marks that human beings have changed from relying on and adapting to nature to using and transforming nature in terms of "the production of food, clothes, housing and tools necessary for this".
All the production activities of agricultural animal husbandry require human beings to know more about and transform nature and use natural resources to serve human economy. On the basis of agricultural production, people began to observe the activities of the sun, moon and stars, the characteristics of water and soil, and climate phenomena, and accumulated experience, thus generating preliminary knowledge of astronomy, geography and mathematics, and pushing human understanding of the objective world to a new height.
Third, China Xia Dynasty (about 2070-1600 BC)
1. Introduction of Xia Dynasty
Xia Dynasty was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in China’s history books. There are a certain number of bronze and jade ritual vessels in the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty, dating from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age.
According to historical records, the biography of Yu was located in Ziqi, which changed the abdication system of primitive tribes and initiated the hereditary precedent in China for nearly 4,000 years. Therefore, the "home world" in China’s history began with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.
2. Characteristics of Xia Dynasty
(1) The Xia Dynasty established armed forces, established official posts and prisons, and formulated criminal laws. The establishment of this whole set of state machinery shows that the Xia Dynasty has already possessed the characteristics of a country;
(2) Economically, Xia Dynasty belonged to the era of gold (copper) and stone, and its initial economic development laid the foundation for the economic prosperity of future generations;
(3) Culturally, some outstanding cultural achievements of the Xia Dynasty, such as the Xia calendar, have a far-reaching impact on future generations.
3. The significance of the establishment and development of Xia Dynasty.
It represents the improvement of productivity and the progress of mankind, and it is the beginning of slave society in China.
The direct cause of the establishment of the Xia Dynasty probably originated from the Yellow River, which was flooded in the era of Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Because the flood affected the production and life of the surrounding people for a long time, Dayu mobilized all ethnic groups in China to carry out water control work for 20 years, which not only united the Chinese ancestors unprecedentedly, but also greatly enhanced his reputation. After the flood was cured, with the improvement of living environment, the first unified kingship was established.
Fourth, China Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC)
1. Introduction of Shang Dynasty
Shang Dynasty, the second dynasty in the history of China, is the first dynasty in China with direct written records of the same period.
Shang Tang, the monarch of Shang Kingdom in Xia Dynasty, led the kingdom to destroy Xia Hou in the battle of Mingtiao, and established Shang Dynasty in Bo (now Shangqiu) with "Shang" as the title. After that, the capital of Shang Dynasty moved frequently, and it was not until its descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin (now Anyang) that the capital was established in Yin for 273 years, so the Shang Dynasty was called Yin or Yin Shang by later generations.
The Shang Dynasty experienced three major stages. The first stage is "first business"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage is the "Late Shang Dynasty", which has been passed down from generation to generation to 31 kings in the 17th century, lasting for more than 500 years. Di Xin, the last monarch, set himself on fire and died after being defeated by Zhou Wuwang in the battle of Makino.
The excavation of Yin Ruins confirmed the existence of Shang Dynasty in China. The Shang Dynasty was in the heyday of slavery, and the slave owners and nobles were the ruling class, forming a huge bureaucratic ruling institution and army. The records of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen are the earliest systematic written symbols in China. During the Shang Dynasty, there were also developed non-Central Plains civilizations in the Yangtze River Basin.
2. Characteristics of Shang Dynasty
Worship ghosts, slavery economy, bronze ware is expensive, and Oracle bones and tortoise shells are the main ones.
Shang Dynasty’s records of astronomical phenomena and the application of the time-keeping method of cadres and branches were reflected in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Agriculture, animal husbandry and aquaculture in Shang Dynasty developed rapidly, especially handicrafts, and the smelting and manufacturing of bronzes were quite mature, and all kinds of commonly used utensils, ritual vessels and wine vessels were very exquisite.
3. Historical significance of Shang Dynasty.
In Shang Dynasty, the state machinery was constantly strengthened, and great achievements were made in economy and culture. Its activity area and influence far exceeded that of Xia Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the further development of ancient civilization in China and occupied an important position in the history of ancient civilization in the world.
V. China Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC)
1. Introduction of Zhou Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty is the third dynasty in China history after Shang Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty handed down 37 kings in 30 generations and enjoyed the country for a total of 791 years.
Among them, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, also known as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was divided into two parts: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in which Han, Zhao and Wei jointly defeated the ruling Zhishi family and the three families were divided into Jin.
Before the extinction of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou tribe originated from the Huaxia (Han) nationality. Because of the harassment of nomadic tribes in the northwest such as Rong and Di, the leader of the Zhou tribe, Gu Gongqi, led the Zhou people to move to the plain under Qishan and settle down.
Living in the Weihe River valley, Ji Yi, the ancestor of Ji Yi, was Hou Ji, known as the agricultural god. Shuowen said, "The Yellow Emperor lived in Ji Shui, taking Ji as his surname, and Zhou people inherited his surname." The language was ancient Chinese, and the characters still used ancient Chinese characters. In folk records, tortoise bones and ox bones were still the main ones, while the royal family mainly used new brocade and silks. The Zhou Dynasty established the enfeoffment system (the state was founded), and the king of Zhou was the "co-owner of the world".
2. Characteristics of the Zhou Dynasty
The land was owned by feudal princes, and the so-called "all over the world, is it not the land of kings?" Herod the royal family, sealed the state and founded the country, and made it a prosperous week. At the same time, a set of patriarchal clan system was established to coordinate and maintain the development of feudal system. Consolidate the rule of the Zhou Dynasty.
3. Historical significance of Zhou Dynasty.
Zhou Dynasty’s culture of Zhou Dynasty was called pre-culture of Zhou Dynasty before King Wu took the place of Shang Dynasty. Then, after King Wu took the place of Shang Dynasty, Zhou people absorbed the culture of Shang Dynasty and other nationalities, and formed a unique culture of Zhou Dynasty in Chinese history, which was fully reflected in the political ethics of Western Zhou society. Zhou Culture was the cornerstone of Chinese national culture and the source of China traditional culture.
After the inheritance and innovation of hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the development of Confucian Classics in Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, Zhou Wenhua finally formed the unique spiritual temperament and mentality structure of the Chinese nation and became a cultural system with long-term vitality.
All kinds of laws and regulations, rites and music systems and ideological and moral norms contained in Zhou Culture became the ideological and political basis of China’s feudal rule for thousands of years and the source of Confucianism, which influenced the history of Chinese civilization for nearly 3,000 years after Zhou Dynasty.
In the ancient history of China, the rule of the Zhou Dynasty was very distinctive, and there were four main systems: feudalism, patriarchal clan system, well field system and ritual system, which had great influence on the future society.
Six, China Qin Dynasty (221-207)
1. Introduction to Qin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty was the first unified dynasty in China’s history, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Dafei, the ancestor of the Qin people, was a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given a surname of winning.
Qin Wangzheng destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, thus completing the great cause of reunification. In the first 221 years, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history.
The Qin dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs; Abolish the enfeoffment system locally and replace it with the county system; The implementation of books with the same language, cars with the same track, unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering hundreds of places in the south, building the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and digging Lingqu to connect the water system.
The establishment of centralization of authority laid the basic pattern of China’s political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the foundation for the rule of China’s unified dynasty, so it was called "all generations practiced Qin politics and law".
The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old separatist regime of princes since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized state with multi-ethnic integration in the history of China. Which had a far-reaching influence on the history of China.
In the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness in a sand dune during his cruise (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province). His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people’s power and was unified only for more than ten years.
In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang cut the wood for the soldiers, rose up, and the world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu rose up against the Qin Dynasty. Before 207, Qin died.
2. Characteristics of the Qin Dynasty
Qin and Han dynasties were the "great unification" period that ended the melee situation in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The stage feature of this period is the historical period of the formation and initial development of feudal society, and it is also the period when social politics changed from chaos to governance, and social economy changed from stagnation to initial recovery and development.
Politically, the political power is generally stable, but there are unstable factors. The political system is autocratic centralization of authority.
Economically: After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, it ended the situation of scuffle between the warring states and resumed production to a certain extent.
Ethnic relations: the relationship between Qin and Han dynasties and ethnic minorities was peace and war, peace was more than war, and ethnic relations were harmonious and friendly on the whole.
Culture: Due to national unity and production development, political and economic ties among ethnic groups have been strengthened, and science, technology and culture have also developed rapidly.
3. The historical significance of the Qin Dynasty
Qin Dynasty is the first unified centralized country in Chinese history, with Xianyang as its capital. The unification of the Qin Dynasty ended the long-standing situation in which the vassal regime dominated, which was conducive to the stability of people’s lives and the development of social production, and was in line with the common aspirations of the people of all ethnic groups at that time.
The territory of the Qin Dynasty, stretching to the sea in the east, west to Longxi, north to the Great Wall and south to the South China Sea, greatly exceeded that of the previous generation.
The Qin Dynasty was the first unified multi-ethnic county system country in the history of China.
Seven, China Han Dynasty (206 -8 years, 25 -220 years).
1. Introduction to Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty is a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty, mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, which lasted for 29 emperors and enjoyed the country for 405 years.
The Han Dynasty and the Peace Treaty were ranked as the advanced civilization and powerful empire in the world at that time. During the Han Dynasty, the scope of the Han Dynasty was established. At its peak, it was annexed to Korea in the east, Vietnam in the south, Qingling in the west and Gobi in the north, with a land area of about 6.09 million square kilometers. In AD 2, the population of the Western Han Dynasty reached more than 60 million, accounting for one third of the world at that time.
The Huaxia nationality has been called the Han nationality since the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty also made great achievements in the field of science and technology. For example, Cai Lun improved papermaking and became one of the four great inventions in China, and Zhang Heng invented the seismograph and the armillary sphere.
2. Characteristics of the Han Dynasty
Han inherited the Qin system, and at the same time carried out the feudal system, which included the kingdom and the Hou state. These two parallel systems were also called "county state system". This practice laid a hidden danger to the central rule of the Western Han Dynasty. After quelling the rebellion of the kingdom and promoting the decree of mercy, the kingdom no longer poses a threat to the central government.
3. The historical significance of the Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty with a county system in the history of China. Because the history of the first imperial dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, was too short to leave much experience for the Han Dynasty to learn from, so many ruling methods of the Han Dynasty need to be explored by themselves.
We can see that the Han Dynasty actually did quite well, although there were twists and turns, but after all, it operated for 400 years, leaving a rich legacy to the later dynasties.
With his pioneering spirit, brilliant martial arts, prosperous culture and technology, the Han Dynasty marked the youthful spirit and vitality of China’s unified dynasty, and his influence touched almost every level of the Han nationality, so that today, 2000 years later, we can still feel that we are still connected with him by blood, and we can still gain confidence and courage from the Han history.
Eight, Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 -581)
1. Brief introduction of the Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
The Three Kingdoms, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were the most frequent periods of regime change in China’s history, which were mainly divided into Wei Dynasty (Cao Wei), Western Jin Dynasty, Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Due to the long-term feudal separatist regime and continuous wars, the development of China culture in this period was particularly affected. Its outstanding performance is the rise of metaphysics, the import of Buddhism, the prosperity of Taoism and the introduction of Persian and Greek cultures.
During the 360-odd years from Wei Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, and during the alternation of more than 30 dynasties, the development of Confucianism and the image and historical position of Confucius in this period became complicated as a result of the interaction and infiltration of many new cultural factors mentioned above.
2. Characteristics of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties
(1) The feudal state was divided and the regime alternated frequently.
(2) The south is relatively stable and the economy of the south is developing.
(3) There are frequent wars in the north, and ethnic integration has been strengthened.
(4) The formation, development and decline of the gentry system.
(5) With the development of science and technology, Buddhism prevails.
3. The historical significance of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
This stage of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties is a period of national division and national integration in China’s feudal society.
It is between the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is not only the product of the aggregation and intensification of social contradictions in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but also the origin of the unification and prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It serves as a link between the preceding and the following and occupies a special position and role in China’s feudal society.
Investigating the history of this period is of great benefit to our understanding of the relationship between division and unity in feudal society.
Nine, China Sui and Tang Dynasties (581 -907)
1. Introduction to Sui and Tang Dynasties
The Sui and Tang Dynasties, as the collective name of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) and the Tang Dynasty (618-907), were also the most prosperous periods in the history of China. It is two unified dynasties after two long periods: the Five Chaos and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
More open in national thought. The two dynasties achieved unprecedented development in politics, military affairs, culture, economy and science and technology. The emperors in Sui and Tang Dynasties were more open-minded in governing the country, which also influenced neighboring countries to pay tribute and learn from China.
At its peak, the Sui Dynasty reached Liaoning in the northeast, Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang in the west, the East China Sea in the east and northern Vietnam in the south. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, it reached the northern and outer Xing ‘an Mountains of Lake Baikal in the north, the Aral Sea in Central Asia in the west, Sakhalin Island in the east and northern Vietnam in the south.
2. Characteristics of Sui and Tang Dynasties
(1) Politics
A, the system innovation and the system of Tang-Cheng-Sui, such as the formation and development of the system of three provinces and six departments, the establishment and improvement of the imperial examination system, the evolution from the government military system to the recruitment system, the modulation of rent and commission and the implementation of the two tax laws.
B, from division to reunification.
C. Implement strong centralization.
(2) Economy
In the early stage, the rulers carried out the policy of paying taxes lightly and persuading farmers to teach mulberry. The transportation was developed, the domestic ethnic groups had close contacts, and the domestic and foreign exchanges were needed, and the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous.
(3) Social life
Great changes have taken place in social life, and an inclusive, colorful and open social atmosphere has emerged.
(4) Culture
Eclectic, multi-ethnic, extensive and profound, all-round prosperity, leading the world.
(5) Foreign communication
The transportation is developed, and the land and maritime Silk Road are relatively smooth. The government has adopted a relatively open foreign policy, and foreign exchanges have become more frequent than ever before.
(6) Ethnic relations
The rulers, especially those in the early Tang Dynasty, pursued a relatively open ethnic policy, and the contacts between the Han nationality and the frontier ethnic groups were unprecedented. The frontier ethnic groups developed greatly, and their relations with the central government were closer, and the unified multi-ethnic country was further developed and consolidated.
The outstanding characteristics of Sui and Tang Dynasties are: this is an era of great change and openness; The development of politics, economy and culture in Sui and Tang Dynasties influenced many countries in Asia, especially in East Asia, and formed China cultural circle.
3. Historical significance of Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Sui and Tang Dynasties made dazzling achievements in developing economy, culture, strengthening ethnic relations and strengthening international exchanges, which made China’s history reach its second peak. The history of the late Sui and Tang Dynasties opened a clue for the great changes in China feudal society. Sui and Tang Dynasties were indeed an extraordinary era.
Ten, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907 -979)
1. Introduction of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is a period of great division in the history of China. This title comes from the New History of the Five Dynasties, which is a combination of the Five Dynasties (907-960) and the Ten Kingdoms (902-979).
The Five Dynasties refer to the five dynasties whose capitals were in the Central Plains after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907, namely, Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou. In 907 AD, after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen established a back beam in the Central Plains, with Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo as its capital (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms began. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao in the latter Zhou Dynasty, and the Northern Song Dynasty was established after the usurpation of the latter Zhou Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties ended.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were many separatist regimes outside the Central Plains. Among them, more than ten separatist regimes, such as Qianshu, Houshu, Nanwu, Nantang, wuyue, Fujian, Chu, Nanhan, Nanping (Jingnan) and Beihan, were collectively referred to as "Ten Kingdoms" by the New Five Dynasties History and later historians. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the remaining regimes of Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan, Nantang, wuyue and Beihan were unified successively, which basically achieved national reunification.
2. Characteristics of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Compared with the Three Kingdoms, the Sixteen Kingdoms in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the ten kingdoms in the Five Dynasties have remarkable characteristics in the form of separatism:
(1) The status of the Central Plains Dynasty in the Five Dynasties.
(2) The differences in political relations between the Ten Kingdoms and the Central Plains Dynasty.
(3) "Protecting the environment and saving the people" is the main theme of the domestic and foreign policy of the southern separatist regime.
These characteristics of the separatist regime have had a great influence on the process of national reunification. First of all, the status of the Central Plains Dynasty determines that the cause of reunification is bound to be completed by the Central Plains Dynasty, just waiting for the opportunity.
Secondly, the differences in political relations between the ten countries and the Central Plains dynasty and the policy of "protecting the environment and benefiting the people" of the southern separatist regime made the various separatist forces in the south form a pattern of checks and balances, and prevented the south from taking the lead in reunification and forming a confrontation situation between the South and the North again, thus accelerating the process of reunification.
3. Historical significance of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries
(1) The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is the product of the historical decline of the Tang Dynasty. Since the Anshi Rebellion and Huang Chao’s anti-Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty has entered an irreversible decline, and then history has staged an overlapping process of belligerence and defeat. Therefore, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is not a new historical stage, but only a time-space portrayal of the Tang Dynasty’s prosperity and decline, extreme division and inability to return to heaven.
(2) The founders of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were all military strategists, who were brave and foolhardy, and relied on the meritorious military service to favor the king. Most of their heirs were men without great talents. The northern dynasties all died in two generations, and the war was endless. In addition, the Qidan plundered, the Central Plains completely disappeared the political, economic and cultural prosperity pattern created in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and thus lost its consistent cultural core position since the Spring and Autumn Period.
On the other hand, the ten southern countries, far away from the Central Plains, zoned land for prison, maintained a relatively stable situation, and inherited the legacy of the Tang Dynasty, and were fortunate enough to retain the fire of Tang Wenhua, thus starting a new pattern of leading China culture.
(3) In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty began to differentiate from the majestic whole in the social and historical context of the kings’ separatist regime, especially in the south, and gradually became mature and meticulous in the hands of literati, with extremely distinctive regional cultural characteristics of Jiangnan water towns.
As a result, the "Tang and Five Dynasties Culture" was formed, which was a cultural transition stage with unique social and historical characteristics and vivid regional characteristics, and thus constituted the forerunner of the Song Dynasty culture and its cultural forms.
(4) The culture of the Tang and Five Dynasties has a prominent "eschatological complex": on the one hand, it gives vent to the satisfaction of eating, drinking, and enjoying in time, on the other hand, it is full of perplexity, pain, sadness, despair and other emotions that are hard to get rid of.
On the one hand, it gave up the mission of social morality and turned back to the internal observation of itself, on the other hand, it showed its resentment against reality and struggle. On the one hand, it turns to folk customs, on the other hand, it pursues spiritual detachment and dust-free.
In a word, these are typical features of "eschatological complex" in China’s classical culture, and they are vividly reflected in the culture of Tang and Five Dynasties.
Xi. China Song Dynasty (960 -1279)
1. Introduction to Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty is a dynasty in the history of China, which inherited five dynasties and ten countries and started the Yuan Dynasty. It was divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, and it lasted for 18 emperors and enjoyed the country for 319 years. Song Dynasty is an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China.
Neo-Confucianism emerged in the Song Dynasty, Confucianism was revived, science and technology developed rapidly, politics was enlightened, there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord regime, and the number and scale of mutiny and civil unrest were relatively small in the history of China.
Chen Yinque said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved for thousands of years, and it was the culmination of the Zhao and Song Dynasties." There are not a few scholars in western and Japanese historians who think that Song Dynasty is the Renaissance and economic revolution in China’s history.
The Song Dynasty was founded more than 300 years ago, and it was overturned twice, all due to foreign invasion. It was the only dynasty that did not die in civil strife.
2. Characteristics of the Song Dynasty
(1) Farming and pastoral cultures are gradually merging (farming and nomadic cultures are fighting and negotiating with each other);
(2) Prosperous urban commerce (the traditional market structure has been broken);
(3) Colorful literature and art (the world of literati appeared);
(4) Extremely prosperous traditional science and technology (the model and peak of ancient science and technology in China);
(5) Frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries (in the heyday of Sino-foreign relations, there was an unprecedented situation of opening up and exchanges)
3. The historical significance of the Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a unified feudal dynasty established after the Five Dynasties. Influenced by traditional ideas, people often call it "weak Song". However, Deng Guangming and Qi Xia, famous experts in the history of the Song Dynasty, all believed that the Song Dynasty was the peak of China’s feudal society.
Politically, the imperial system of the Song Dynasty had a great influence on later generations, and its outstanding phenomenon was the elimination of the separatist regime of the buffer region, which further formed a unified multi-ethnic country, the autocratic centralization of authority of the Song Dynasty, which was inherited by the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In agriculture, the population of Song Dynasty exceeded 100 million, twice as much as that of Han and Tang Dynasties, and the agricultural productivity was greatly improved.
The handicraft industry has made great progress, and the commodity economy has developed prominently, among which the relationship between commodity and currency has made remarkable progress and the maritime trade has never been developed before.
In terms of culture and science and technology, the three great inventions were perfected or invented in the Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on the world. Outstanding achievements have been made in literature, history, education and philosophy.
In a word, the Song Dynasty was at an extremely important stage in the overall process of China’s historical development in terms of economy, politics and culture.
XII. China Yuan Dynasty (1271 -1368)
1. Introduction of Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Mongolians, which was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The capital of Dadu (present-day Beijing) was handed down to the Fifth Emperor and the Eleventh Emperor, which lasted for 98 years.
2. Characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty.
(1) a unified multi-ethnic feudal country was consolidated and developed.
The Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country with an unprecedented vast territory; The provincial system has been implemented, and the central authorities have exercised jurisdiction over Tibet, Taiwan Province, Yunnan and other border areas.
(2) The feudal economy continued to develop.
Widespread planting of cotton has promoted the development of cotton textile industry; The smooth transportation of water and sea has promoted economic exchanges; Most of the larger cities are prosperous; Quanzhou’s foreign trade is developed.
(3) frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries
Caravans and envoys from Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa came in an endless stream. Italian Kyle Poirot has lived in China for more than ten years; Gunpowder and gunpowder weapons spread to Europe through Arabs; Quanzhou is the largest foreign trade port.
(4) ethnic integration has been further strengthened.
The Han people have contributed to the development of the frontier, and a large number of ethnic groups in the frontier have moved to the mainland to live together with the Han people. The Khitan, Nuzhen and other ethnic groups who originally entered the Central Plains have merged with the Han nationality; A new minority, the Hui nationality, has been formed. However, the policy of ethnic differentiation in Yuan Dynasty played a negative role in social development.
3. Historical significance of Yuan Dynasty.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Shangshu Province and Menxia Province were abolished, while Zhongshu Province, Privy Council and Yushitai were kept in charge of politics, army and supervision, and the provincial system was implemented locally, which was the first of its kind in China.
The Yuan Dynasty also carried out many malpractices, such as various policies, casting system, expelling system, craftsman system, no system of membership, human sacrifice, curfew, sea ban, etc., which interrupted the process of reform in the Tang and Song Dynasties and profoundly reshaped the history of China after the Song Dynasty.
XIII. China Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644)
1. Introduction of Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty was a unified dynasty established by the Han nationality, which passed down to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years.
In the Ming Dynasty, the territory included Han, and in the early Ming Dynasty, the northeast reached the Sea of Japan and the outer Xing ‘an Mountains, and then it was reduced to the Liaohe River Basin. Reach Yinshan in the north and retreat to the Ming Great Wall; West to Hami, Xinjiang, and then retreat to Jiayuguan; It faces the Bay of Bengal in the southwest and then turns back to Yunnan today. He also set up a detention center in the Qinghai-Tibet region and recovered Annan.
In the Ming Dynasty, handicraft industry and commodity economy flourished, commercial market towns and capitalism sprouted, and culture and art showed a trend of secularization. According to Records of the Ming Dynasty, the peak population was 71.85 million, but most scholars thought it actually exceeded 100 million, and some scholars pointed out that the population in the late Ming Dynasty was close to 200 million.
The Ming Dynasty was the golden age after the Han and Tang Dynasties. There are no consorts of the Han dynasty, the buffer region of the Tang dynasty, and the old coins of the Song dynasty. The emperor guards the country and the king dies. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty rated Ming Taizu as "Ruling the Tang and Song Dynasties", and The History of Ming Dynasty rated Ming Chengzu as "Yuanmai Han and Tang Dynasties".
2. Characteristics of the Ming Dynasty
The absolute monarchy has been strengthened unprecedentedly; The commodity economy developed unprecedentedly in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. The seeds of capitalism have emerged; Political corruption, high concentration of land, continuous peasant uprising and gradual decline. In the ideological field, anti-feudal thoughts, at the same time, the fields of literature and art are bound to have anti-feudal colors.
3. The historical significance of the Ming Dynasty
(1) from the perspective of worldwide influence.
In the early Ming Dynasty, through Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas, countries from Southeast Asia to the Persian Gulf were connected, and China’s influence was enhanced. This should be the last time that China took the initiative to communicate with the West after the Tang Dynasty, which is of great significance.
Then, the Japanese pirates were rampant in the southeast, which led to the implementation of the policy of closing the country to the outside world, which affected the Qing Dynasty and eventually accelerated the demise of the feudal dynasty in China.
(2) from the perspective of economic development
The Ming Dynasty was the seed of capitalism in China, which was also an important stroke in the history of China. Although the germination of capitalism in China was only a flash in the pan, the historical position of the Ming Dynasty could not be denied.
(3) from the territorial theory
The territory area of the Ming Dynasty, though not the largest in China history, is basically the main activity area of Han people now. Although the territory was further expanded after the Qing dynasty entered the customs, the territory of the Ming dynasty was also very large.
(4) from the political system.
The Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister system in China for thousands of years, and the centralization of monarchy was further improved. In addition, the cabinet system of the Ming dynasty and the three provinces and six departments have been used until the Qing dynasty. The political system of the Ming Dynasty is an important part in the history of China.
Fourteen, China Qing Dynasty (1616-1912)
1. Introduction to Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (1616-1912) was the last feudal dynasty in the history of China, with 12 emperors, totaling 296 years. It was 276 years since the name of the country was changed to Qing Dynasty. It is 268 years since the Qing soldiers entered the customs and established national political power.
After the Opium War, it was invaded by foreign powers, and its sovereignty and territory were seriously lost. It also began the exploration of modernization, and carried out modernization reforms such as the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. The Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance’s invasion of China further deepened the national crisis.
In the late Qing Dynasty, China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. On February 12, 1912, Yuan Shikai, the minister of Beiyang, induced Pu Yi, the Qing emperor, to abdicate, issued an abdication edict, and realized the Republic of the five ethnic groups, thus ending the Qing Dynasty.
2. Characteristics of the Qing Dynasty
The Qing army carried out shaving and changing clothes politically, and militarily attacked the peasant army and Nanming regimes, and gradually occupied China. Then, after three dynasties in Kang Yong, it developed to Dingfeng. During this period, the unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated, which basically laid the territory of China, and at the same time, the autocratic monarchy reached its peak.
However, in the middle and late period, due to political rigidity, cultural autocracy, closed doors and ideological stagnation, it gradually fell behind the world. The Sino-British Opium War broke out in 1840, which was invaded by foreign powers and seriously lost sovereignty.
3. The historical significance of the Qing Dynasty
Kang Yong’s three dynasties reached its peak, during which the traditional society of China made unprecedented development achievements. It was unified and consolidated in a multi-ethnic country, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty unified the Mongolian ministries, incorporated Xinjiang and Tibet into the territory, and implemented the policy of returning land to the southwest. Finally, the modern territory of China was determined, and the integrity of the country’s territorial sovereignty was actively safeguarded.
However, feudal autocracy also reached its peak, and gradually fell behind the west in the middle and late period due to political rigidity, cultural autocracy, and closed doors.
Source: China History Network
2014 is the "first year of self-making" for China video websites to concentrate on the field of self-made dramas. Compared with traditional TV dramas, how to truly create an Internet phenomenal super-online drama and open up a big online drama era beyond traditional TV dramas,Various video websites have invested the largest amount of capital and resources in the history in the direction of self-production. At present, the most powerful one is the "Hurry that Year" with a single investment of over one million.
After it was launched on August 4th, the youth online drama "In a hurry that year" quickly occupied the first place in all kinds of rankings of word of mouth and hot search, surpassing not only all online dramas, but also TV dramas such as swords of legends, Divorce Lawyer, Ten Years of Love and Obstetrician, which have been popular in TV stations recently.
The major search indexes ranked first.
The online drama "In a hurry that year" focuses on the theme of nostalgic youth, bringing the past youth growth of the post-80 s to the audience with the roles of Chen Xun, Fang Fen, Qiao Ran, Lin Jiamo and Zhao Ye. Although the online drama "In a hurry that year" is a memory story of the post-80s generation, it has also attracted the same drama-chasing craze. It can also be seen from the trend of Baidu index that the popularity of "In a hurry that year" has continued to climb since its first broadcast. Only seven days later, on August 11, Baidu index surpassed all online dramas in the same period and became the first. Looking at the 7-day overall increase rate of Baidu index, the overall year-on-year increase rate and mobile year-on-year increase rate of "In a hurry" both reached the peak of 1000%, and it is a new generation of self-made "drama king" in terms of growth momentum.
In a hurry that year, a weekly online drama, broke the boundary between online drama and TV drama, and brought online drama into a brand-new "big era". First of all, in terms of production cost, the input specification of each episode exceeds one million, which is already the production cost of first-line TV series; Secondly, in terms of shooting specifications, it is the first in China to apply 4K HD shooting technology to film and television drama shooting; In addition, film-level personnel and resources are invested in editing and publicity, and the promotion efforts have reached the peak of the online video industry. Unlike Divorce Lawyer, which was launched on the same day as the last drama, Hurriedly That Year represents a more subversive future.
High-level, high-standard, high-input, so that the fans of "In a hurry that year" are not disappointed. Late-stage, editing, sound effects and other large-scale productions, the difference only depends on the shortcomings of the star’s China TV drama industry, and the focus of the big online drama is subversive high quality. "In a hurry that year" received a large-scale investment of more than one million episodes, and pioneered the 4K high-definition shooting on the Internet. It has been compared with TV dramas in terms of pre-shooting, post-production, music sound effects, broadcasting platform and marketing, realizing the unprecedented all-round subversion of the Internet industry and opening the era of "big network drama" 4K high-definition drama viewing. Since its first broadcast on August 4th, "In a hurry that year" has continued to dominate the list of topics in Weibo in Weibo. Continuously boarded the hot list of topics in Weibo, hot TV series, film and television hot search list, etc.
Douban 8.1′ s high score beats TV drama.
"In a hurry that year" not only has a high attention craze, but also has high praise. On Douban, 8.1 points were scored in Rush Year, 7.1 points in swords of legends, 6.8 points in Divorce Lawyer and 7.9 points in Ten Years of Love … … The 8.1 points of "In a hurry that year" have surpassed some high-profile TV dramas.
Some netizens said: "My drama-following weekly schedule is finally full. I will follow" The Year of Hurriedness "on Monday and Tuesday, and" swords of legends "&hellip on Wednesday and Thursday; …” However, the actors in that year in a hurry are all "small fresh meat", which completely breaks the traditional rule of taking the drama with the stars and puts all the large investment in the repertoire on creating the quality of that year in a hurry. Although "In a hurry that year" and "Divorce Lawyer" are the same as satellite TV dramas with millions of investments, the actors in satellite TV dramas account for the vast majority, and the production may not be as good as "In a hurry that year".
Zero bad review and high recommendation
"In a hurry that year" held a national touring movie-watching activity in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Chengdu and Zhengzhou. In five places, a group of media people and "in a hurry" fans can enjoy the "In a hurry" filmed by 4K ultra-high-definition technology in advance. As a result, in the process of touring movies, the repertoire evaluation with zero bad reviews and high recommendation rate of fans was obtained.
In the eyes of many media people, "In a hurry" not only triggered a wave of topics about the post-80 s youth, but also produced and filmed the drama’s 4K high-definition pictures, exquisite editing of big movies, role selection that fits the plot, which completely compared with the scale of the film’s announcement and completely refreshed the media people’s understanding of self-made online dramas. At the same time, the online drama "In a hurry that year" was also highly recommended by the famous writer Zhang Jiajia, which once again showed the high recognition of "In a hurry that year" in the industry.
"In a hurry that year" adopted the big movie-style announcement specification, which not only adopted the big movie specification in shooting and editing, but also allowed the audience in five places who watched the movie in advance to enjoy the brand-new enjoyment of watching the 4K high-definition online drama in the cinema. As far as the final audience watch drama questionnaire is concerned, "In a hurry that year" won no bad review score and a high recommendation rate of 99%.
Many people will follow the trend when buying a car, and many technology configurations can greatly enhance people’s daily convenience, which is still very worth buying. What I bring to you today is that it has many highlights. Let’s take a good look at it.
First of all, from the appearance, the light blue VELITE 6 pure electric locomotive head presents a solid design style, with flying wing grille, which makes people unforgettable. Coupled with the headlights of fashion sports, it is the finishing touch on the front face. The car is equipped with automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4650MM*1817MM*1519MM, and the car adopts soft lines, which gives people a very unique feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it gives people a very domineering feeling. In the rear design, the overall shape of the micro-blue VELITE 6 pure electric car tail echoes the front of the car, the taillights are very simple, and the whole looks very fashionable and simple.
Coming into the car, the design of the micro-blue VELITE 6 pure electric interior is very calm, which is very in line with the tastes of young consumers. The steering wheel of the car is well designed, equipped with the functions of manual adjustment of the steering wheel up and down, and everything looks very dynamic and lively. From the central control point of view, the 10-inch central control screen is used for decoration, which makes the interior design quite layered and gives people a sense of fierceness. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the sports atmosphere is relatively in place. The car uses a leather-like seat, the seat is wrapped in place, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.
Light blue VELITE 6 pure electric matching gearbox, 130KW, 265N.m, with good power performance.
In terms of configuration, the light blue VELITE 6 pure electric vehicle is equipped with traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), supports CarPlay, supports CarLife, Bluetooth /WIFI connection, cruise control, intelligent key and other configurations.
After reading this car, I believe you have a general understanding. The car with moderate size is a very suitable choice for many families, and the internal space is enough for daily use in families.
Beijing News Shell Financial News (Reporter Wang Linlin) On November 17th, the new BMW 5 Series long wheelbase version of BMW Group was launched in the world at Guangzhou Auto Show. The new car will be listed at the end of January 2024 and delivered one after another.
The new BMW 5 Series long wheelbase is a customized model in China market, and the BMW Group claims that it has the ability to expand to L3-class automatic driving; In addition, the new BMW 5 Series applies L2+ intelligent driver assistance system and is equipped with BMW’s first automatic lane change function with line-of-sight confirmation. In addition, the BMW 5 Series introduced pure electric vehicles for the first time, and the BMW i5 adopted the fifth-generation BMW eDrive electric drive technology and BMW’s latest charging technology; The launch of BMW i5 also means that the pure electric products of BMW Group cover almost all major market segments.
In the first 10 months of this year, the sales volume of BMW pure electric vehicles in the domestic market increased by 211% year-on-year to 78,568 vehicles. In terms of charging infrastructure, by the end of October 2023, BMW’s public charging network had connected more than 580,000 public charging piles nationwide; In August this year, the BMW Super Charging Station project, which is open to all brands of electric vehicles, was officially launched. BMW plans to cover nine cities including Guangzhou within three months, and it is estimated that about 50 stations will be completed by the end of 2023.
Editor Song Yuting
Proofread Junyan Zhang
"hello! "Big Girl" is a documentary interview program for women, which talks with women strugglers from all walks of life, shows their thinking, choice, persistence and transcendence in their respective situations, and records the voices of women of the times. This time, Euler cooperated with the program to pay tribute to "her time" with the guests, so that "her strength" could be seen by more people, and at the same time, she took the opportunity to endorse independent and confident women.
World champions, redefine big girls:
When the women’s shot put world champion shows the unknown "soft" side;
When Wan Qian, a young actor with his head held high, devoted himself to the stage and behind the scenes;
When Zheng Xiaoying, the chief female conductor of China, interprets fearless big girls with passion and challenge;
When Tan Yuanyuan, the Queen of Ballet, danced with her friends for Fantasy Night in the Art Museum;
When Gong Linna, a national singer, digs her own "wildness" and explores the pace of freedom;
When Chen Xuan, an architect, pursues himself, explores boundaries and pursues a more valuable and diverse life;
When China athlete Zhang Hong interprets the blooming of different flowering periods, he adapts himself and does his best …
Throw away one-sided and rigid labels, break the so-called perfection, accept the true and rich self, and listen to the program sponsor Yang Lan, in Hello! The term "big girl" is particularly three-dimensional and rich under the program lens of "Big Girl".
From "Hello! The program "Big Girls" has created the female-friendly characteristics of Euler’s good cat products, all of which are interpreting such a voice: the strength of women is worth seeing and promoting the social influence of women’s spiritual values.
Adeline Virginia Woolf once said: "A woman should not be a still life in a vase for people to watch, but a rhythm that dances with the wind on the grassland." The light rhythm of women deserves to be seen and applauded.