南京新茶工作室

　　Editor’s Note: Looking back at the 40-year history of reform and opening up, it is the period of rapid urbanization in China. The reform dividend has been greatly released in the process of urban development and citizenization of population, thus giving birth to a number of world-class big cities that China is proud of. With the spatial development boundary of many big cities facing the "ceiling", environmental pollution, traffic congestion and other big city diseases frequently occur, the "single soldier" path of urban development is out of date, and the marginal effect of reform is decreasing. Therefore, as early as the 11th Five-Year Plan, China proposed that urban agglomeration should be the main form to promote urbanization. As a result, the new path of urban development has become a trend. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further pointed out that urban agglomerations should be the main body to build an urban pattern of coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and accelerate the urbanization of agricultural transfer population. In the new wave of reform and opening up, what reform dividends will the deepening urban agglomeration development strategy bring to China, and what kind of interest disputes and development dilemmas will it face? The editorial department of the semi-monthly talks organized an urban agglomeration research team before the National People’s Congress, and went to many places to learn about the latest trends of the development of major urban agglomerations and explore new ideas, new models, new paths and new hopes for the development of urban agglomerations.

　　Reconstruction of "New Map" of China Economy by Urban Agglomeration

　　Half-monthly discussion on urban agglomeration investigation team

　　With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, the development pattern of urban agglomeration, as the main form of new urbanization, has begun to emerge, and has gradually become an important carrier and platform to lead China’s economic transformation and upgrading. Multi-dimensional urban integration is promoting the interconnection and coordinated integration of urban agglomerations, which not only optimizes the original urban system and pattern, but also brings more tangible sense of gain to the people.

　　The core that determines the future regional competitiveness

　　Urban agglomeration refers to a group of cities with compact spatial organization, close economic ties, and finally a high degree of urbanization and integration, which is formed by taking more than one mega-city as the core and at least three mega-cities as the constituent units and relying on developed infrastructure networks such as transportation and communication.

　　Fang Chuanglin, director of the Regional and Urban Planning Research Center of the Institute of Geographical Resources of China Academy of Sciences, pointed out that urban agglomeration is the mainstream and trend of urban development in the world today. At present, there are five recognized large-scale world-class urban agglomerations, such as the Atlantic coastal urban agglomeration with new york as the center, the Great Lakes urban agglomeration with Chicago as the center, and the Pacific coastal urban agglomeration with Tokyo as the center.

　　Globally, urban agglomeration has become a brand-new regional unit for countries to participate in world competition and international division of labor, which determines the new pattern of political and economic development in the 21st century, is an important carrier of the shift of world economic center of gravity, and is also the main position of competition between countries. According to the World Bank’s report "Reshaping World Economic Geography", half of the world’s production activities are concentrated on only about 1.5% of the world’s land area. Take the urban agglomeration along the Atlantic coast of the United States as an example. This urban agglomeration with an area of 60,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1.5% of its land area, has a population of 45 million, accounting for 20% of the total population of the United States; The manufacturing industry accounts for 30% of the country’s total output value, and it is the largest production base, commercial and trade center in the United States and the largest international financial center in the world.

　　Nowadays, the construction of urban agglomerations in China is advancing rapidly, and the development pattern has initially taken shape. According to the relevant national planning, urban agglomeration is the main form of new urbanization, and the development priorities of the three major urban agglomerations in the eastern region and several urban agglomerations in the central and western regions are defined, with emphasis on the development of urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Central Plains, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Harbin-Changzhou. Judging from the development degree, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations are relatively mature, and their comprehensive development level has an absolute advantage, representing the highest form of urban agglomeration development in China.

　　Zhang Xueliang, deputy secretary-general of the China Association for Regional Science and vice president of the School of Urban and Regional Science of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, believes that urban agglomeration is the core that determines the future regional competitiveness and will become the "main engine" of China’s development. The reason is that China’s regional economy is changing from "plate economy" to "urban agglomeration economy", and all kinds of production factors and economic activities are gathering in the central city and the urban areas around the central city. In 2013, 23 urban agglomerations in China, accounting for 28.9% of the country’s land area, gathered 63.8% of the country’s population and created 85.7% of the regional GDP.

　　"polymerization effect" has become a new kinetic energy to stimulate transformation.

　　"Our Taifu reloads more than 80% of employees’ homes in Changsha, and the company sends 8 buses to and from Changsha and Xiangtan every day to pick up and drop off employees." Xie Fangli, vice president of Taifu Heavy Equipment Group, headquartered in Xiangtan National Economic Development Zone, told reporters that as Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan entered the "half-hour commuting circle", there were more and more cross-city office workers in the three cities. The development of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration in Hunan Province is getting better and better, and the integration and synergy effect are obvious. No matter the economic aggregate, growth rate and development quality, it ranks in the forefront of Hunan Province, achieving the effect of "1+1+1>3".

　　The "agglomeration effect" of urban agglomeration is becoming a new kinetic energy to promote China’s economic transformation and a "strong engine" to stimulate urban innovation in the region. In the Yangtze River Delta, the "Shanghai-Jiaxing-Hangzhou G60 Science and Technology Corridor", which aims to create an influential scientific and technological innovation highland in the world, is fully promoting its construction. Shanghai has the leading capability of scientific and technological innovation in China, and Hangzhou is building a globally influential "internet plus" innovation and entrepreneurship center, with G60 Expressway as the link, Shanghai and Hangzhou as the dual core, and Jiaxing as the supporting area, breaking administrative divisions, promoting the free flow and optimal allocation of scientific and technological elements such as talents, funds, devices and projects, and the resulting innovation ecosystem and industrial cluster effect have become the key to the rapid rise of the region and maintaining sustainable development. The data shows that the added value of information economy in Hangzhou in 2016 was 268.8 billion yuan, contributing more than 50% to the city’s GDP growth.

　　The practice of "Shanghai-Jiaxing-Hangzhou G60 Science and Technology Corridor" is only the epitome of industrial transformation and upgrading in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Urban agglomeration has become an important growth pole of regional economy, which will reconstruct the "new map" of economy and support China’s sustained economic development in the future.

　　On the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway with a length of more than 100 kilometers, there are a number of leading enterprises in the industry and "Gazelle Enterprises" with good growth and leaping development trend. Eight local Fortune 500 companies have taken root here, and world-renowned companies such as Tencent, Huawei, ZTE, DJI and OPPO have thrived here. These star enterprises are like pearls, strung together an innovative "necklace".

　　Yuan Jun, vice president of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that with the development of 40 years of reform and opening up, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen axis region, which is based on Guangzhou-Shenzhen expressway and rail transit, has gathered innovative elements such as high-tech talents, technology, information and capital, and initially formed the Guangzhou-Shenzhen innovation economic belt. In the future, more new technologies and new ideas will be integrated across the border in this innovation corridor, forming a super-industrial cluster with "blood" and becoming a sample of national innovation and development.

　　The "community of urban destiny" is beginning to take shape.

　　Many places are accelerating integration from multiple dimensions, trying to break down institutional and institutional barriers such as administrative divisions, and promoting inter-city interconnection and collaborative integration, and the "same city effect" is becoming increasingly apparent.

　　As a symbol of China’s sharing economy, the birthplace of bike-sharing is the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The reporter found in an interview with the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration that the connotation of sharing economy is constantly expanding, from the earliest bike-sharing and shared houses to a higher field and level.

　　For example, sharing scientific and technological innovation resources. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Science and Technology, three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta jointly launched the "Yangtze River Delta large-scale scientific instruments cooperation and sharing network". There are 1479 units and 17081 sets of large-scale scientific instruments and facilities with a value of more than 300,000 yuan in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, with a total value of 18.274 billion yuan, which effectively reduces the repeated investment in scientific research funds and experimental equipment purchase in the region.

　　In the shared factory based on the Internet, new entrants can entrust the existing capacity processing and manufacturing without building their own factories in the case of overall excess manufacturing capacity. Yuan Wei, general manager of Alibaba’s "Amoy Factory" business, said that sharing factories will commercialize the factory’s production capacity and rationally distribute production, which will help promote industry competition to turn to industry cooperation.

　　In addition to transportation integration, urban agglomerations also actively explore the integration of medical and health care, ecological and environmental protection and other fields. For example, Jiaxing and three medical institutions in Shanghai have established a cooperative relationship of peer-to-peer medical insurance network settlement, and the insured citizens can pay by credit card in hospitals in Shanghai through system direct connection. In order to solve the persistent problem of air pollution, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has accelerated the replacement of coal with electricity and gas, and achieved the "zero clearing" of loose coal. The average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by about 33% in 2016 compared with 2013.

　　The awareness of "dividing land into three parts per acre" among cities has been further broken, and coordinated development is getting better and better. Hebei Province has successively undertaken more than 12,000 industrial transfer projects such as advanced equipment manufacturing in Beijing and Tianjin, new generation information technology and modern trade logistics, and the investment of Beijing enterprises in Tianjin and Hebei has exceeded 200 billion yuan. "Industrial synergy is the substantive content and key support for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei." Zhang Junkuo, deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center, said that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are working together to build a community of urban destiny with coordinated development through industrial complementarity and integration. (Half-monthly talk about urban agglomeration research team: Fang Lie Liu Liangheng He Xinrong Xu Xuzhong Li Junyi Juck Zhang Bai Mingshan Zhao Ruixi)

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016 — The reply of "2035)" proposes to do a good job in protecting historical and cultural cities and shaping urban characteristics. The old city can no longer be demolished, and it should be guaranteed by vacating and restoring construction. The picture shows tourists visiting Xin Li in Qianmen Street, Beijing.

　　The development of urban agglomeration cannot lose its "soul"

　　Half-monthly discussion on urban agglomeration investigation team

　　For a long time, the construction of urban agglomerations in China has always tended to attach importance to economy and neglect culture. Although the economic aggregate and transportation infrastructure have taken on a new look, the development of cultural soft power has lagged behind, and urban construction has lost its soul, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Experts and scholars call on China to reverse the development path of urban agglomerations that emphasize economy and neglect culture, cultivate the cultural mechanism of urban agglomerations with distinct hierarchical system and active coordination, rebuild and revive the "small traditional culture" in different regions, enhance the cohesion of cultural identity, and build a "culturally confident urban agglomeration".

　　More than 600 cities have basically lost their individuality.

　　"Our more than 600 cities have basically lost their individuality, with vague context and vague memories, fragmented historical remains and chaotic cultural symbols." Feng Jicai, a famous writer, commented. Wu Liangyong, an academician of the two academies, also pointed out that the lack of personality is the biggest drawback of urban construction in China.

　　Mentioning the old railway station in Jinan is a pain that haunts the hearts of Jinan citizens. This railway station, which was built in 1904, was the only Gothic building community station in the world and the largest railway station in Asia at that time. It was once listed in the architectural textbooks of Tsinghua and Tongji, and was also listed as the first stop in the Far East by Travel in the Far East published by West Germany after the war. In 1992, the railway station was demolished to expand the station yard.

　　The fate of the old railway station in Jinan is only a microcosm of the destruction of historical sites and the cutting of urban context in the process of urbanization. This kind of phenomenon is also staged in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Chen Ming, deputy director of the Regional Planning Institute of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, revealed that with the outward expansion of Beijing’s urban areas, Tianjin and Hebei have moved closer to Beijing, and a large number of industrial parks and residential quarters have been laid out, forming an "iron fence" around Beijing. In this process, the historical and cultural corridors distributed here have been damaged to varying degrees, and many historical relics have disappeared.

　　According to statistics, about 44,000 ancient sites, temples and other cultural relics in China have disappeared, and a quarter of the remains still preserved are in a state of dilapidated maintenance. Many sites have not been protected and have been demolished in new construction projects. More than 3,500 cultural sites have been destroyed in Shaanxi Province alone.

　　On the one hand, it wantonly destroys historical sites, and on the other hand, it is keen to build high-rise buildings and move to foreign buildings, resulting in a "thousand cities on one side" of the city, many of which are grotesque and charming. Many cities have planned to build residential communities and "characteristic towns" with North American and European customs, and they have been crowned with foreign names: Florence Town, Paris Mansion, California Garden, Manhattan Plaza and so on.

　　Culture is the "lubricant" of inter-city communication.

　　What is even more worrying is that the development path of "emphasizing economy and neglecting culture" leads to unbalanced development, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Fan Zhou, dean of the Institute of Cultural Development of Communication University of China, pointed out that the ideal urban agglomeration is an urban community with a reasonable hierarchical system in terms of population, economy, society, culture and overall structure, and complementary functions and good coordination mechanisms in terms of spatial boundaries, resource allocation, industrial division of labor and cultural exchanges. "In fact, culture, as the soul of a city, can play a unique role in highlighting the humanistic characteristics of the city and enhancing the cultural identity of the city." Fan Zhou said.

　　Cannes, a famous French city, was once a small fishing village. In 1939, France established the Cannes Film Festival to fight against the Venice International Film Festival controlled by the Italian fascist regime at that time, which put Cannes on the fast track of urban development. After decades of development, Cannes International Film Festival has become one of the four largest and most important film festivals in the world, attracting more than 300,000 people every year, bringing great economic benefits and good reputation to the city. Cannes has thus become a world famous city. Around the world, Paris, Vienna, Stockholm … … And the list goes on.

　　"Culture has the characteristics of high added value and high penetration. It is an important thrust for industrial integration to be related to finance, grafted with technology and symbiotic with the Internet." Fan Zhou pointed out that the integration of culture and economy has become an inevitable trend and a new growth point for the economic development of urban agglomerations. Take Hangzhou as an example. In recent years, represented by its unique Liangzhu culture, silk culture, tea culture and many stories and legends handed down, Hangzhou has paid attention to the natural transition between traditional streets and modern life, and formed a unique external cultural understanding of "Qiantang Prosperity" and "Leisure and Elegance", which has promoted the competitiveness of urban culture.

　　Peng Jinsong, deputy director of the Institute of Urban Development of Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the transaction cost or friction cost of urban agglomerations formed on the basis of culture will be reduced in factor flow, commodity trading and other social interactions, which is conducive to maintaining the development and normal operation of urban agglomerations. For example, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the west side of the Taiwan Strait, Chengdu and Chongqing are supported by Wuyue culture, Lingnan culture, Minnan culture and Bashu culture respectively, which play a vital role in enhancing cultural identity and cohesion among cities.

　　Fill the "cultural gap" and build the "soul of the city"

　　Liu Shilin, president of the Urban Science Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, suggested that in the face of the "lack of culture" of urban agglomerations, China should reverse the development path of urban agglomerations that "emphasize economy and neglect culture", promote the innovation of urban planning theory, methods, institutional mechanisms and the protection of laws and regulations, effectively protect and inherit the urban context, and strive to build a "culturally confident urban agglomeration".

　　Do a good job in top-level design, strengthen policies and mechanisms and legal protection. Based on the inherent laws of cultural construction in the process of urbanization, we will constantly improve various laws, regulations, supporting policies and rules and regulations such as cultural relics, ancient buildings, protection of historical blocks, protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and establish an institutional system for urban cultural protection and cultural heritage.

　　Promote the innovation of urban planning theory, method and system and mechanism. It is suggested that the relevant state departments should take the lead in selecting experts from traditional disciplines such as literature, history, linguistics, philosophy, art and sociology, as well as emerging disciplines such as urban science, cultural studies and cultural industries, and carry out in-depth basic theoretical research, so as to develop a standard system of cultural planning in China corresponding to the international community, and provide scientific theory and strategic guidance for the planning and construction of urban agglomerations in China.

　　Adhere to overall coordination and integrate social resources. It is necessary to fully mobilize social forces and private capital to participate in urban cultural protection and cultural heritage. Realize the integration of resources and channels and the diversification of cultural protection and inheritance subjects and methods. It is necessary to make full use of emerging technologies such as the Internet, big data and cloud computing to realize the creative transformation of traditional culture and make urban culture "live".

　　In addition, establish a scientific evaluation mechanism to realize dynamic management. It is necessary to establish a dynamic tracking management mechanism before, during and after the event, do a good job in statistical monitoring and performance evaluation, and constantly adjust management methods and policies and measures according to the evaluation feedback. (Half-monthly talk about urban agglomeration research team: Fang Lie Liu Liangheng He Xinrong Xu Xuzhong Li Junyi Juck Zhang Bai Mingshan Zhao Ruixi)

　　This is Shenzhen Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve located in the hinterland of the city. The beautiful environment benefits from industrial innovation and institutional innovation. The high-standard green economic system and the closed-loop reform of the ecological civilization system have enabled Shenzhen’s "ecological dividend" to be released. Photo by Wang Xiaodan

　　To cure "serious illness", it is necessary to build a "green urban agglomeration"

　　Half-monthly discussion on urban agglomeration investigation team

　　Because of the large-scale population and economic activities in urban agglomeration, environmental pollution and other "big city diseases" are increasingly prominent. On the practical level, there are some problems in the environmental collaborative governance system of urban agglomerations in China, such as imperfect laws and regulations, lack of authority in the collaborative mechanism and insufficient participation of social forces. Therefore, it is necessary to reshape the pattern of coordinated environmental governance of urban agglomerations, such as source control, open cooperation and multi-governance, in order to reverse the deterioration trend of urban agglomerations’ environment.

　　"serious illness" of urban agglomeration

　　"The smog in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been too heavy in recent years. My wife and I are particularly worried that the health of children will be affected. After a long hesitation, we finally made up our minds to leave Beijing. " Zeng Cheng, 32, gave up his decent job in a financial central enterprise two years ago, and married with children came to Shenzhen to start over. He said that although it was necessary to move, the whole family felt comfortable now.

　　According to "2016 China Environmental Status Bulletin" issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the proportion of excellent days in 13 cities at or above the prefecture level in that year ranged from 35.8% to 78.7%, and the average proportion of days exceeding the standard was as high as 43.2%. Among the 74 monitoring cities, 10 cities with relatively poor ambient air quality accounted for 6 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　In addition to smog, acid rain pollution in some urban agglomerations cannot be underestimated. According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the acid rain area in China was about 690,000 square kilometers in 2016, accounting for 7.2% of the land area. It is worth noting that these acid rain pollution "hardest hit areas" are highly overlapped with urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Today’s environmental protection management can’t go it alone. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the relevant ministries and commissions of the state issued intensive regulations and policies on environmental cooperative governance of urban agglomerations. In 2012, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas was issued, which requires the establishment of a joint prevention and control mechanism for regional air pollution in key urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.

　　In addition to the top-level design launched by the central government and ministries, the cooperation between local governments has been deepened, and multi-level inter-city cooperation mechanisms have been established in urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Hunan. For example, Guangzhou and Foshan have continuously improved the regional environmental monitoring network, jointly promoted the construction of the water environmental quality monitoring network, determined the monitoring norms of cross-border river basins, and informed each other of the water quality monitoring data of cross-border sections.

　　During the interview in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, the local cadres and the masses talked about Hunan’s protection of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan’s "green heart". Lvxin is located in the junction of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, covering an area of 522.87 square kilometers. This area is full of low hills, lush vegetation and lush. At one time, under the guidance of the thinking of "space city", the urban boundaries of the three cities continued to expand, and the green heart was once eroded and eroded, shrinking year by year. Decision-makers in Hunan have gradually realized that making use of the location advantage of Green Heart to become a "green wedge" between Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan urban agglomerations can effectively prevent the spread and expansion of the three cities. After that, starting with the planning and legislative guarantee, Hunan successively issued the Master Plan for the Ecological Green Heart Area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration and the Regulations on the Protection of the Ecological Green Heart of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan in Hunan Province, which kept this precious green space in the middle of the urban agglomeration.

　　Although the progress of joint prevention and control of ecological environment in China’s urban agglomerations is obvious, it is still far from enough, and it has not yet stepped out of the dilemma of "one side controls the pollution, and where there is a problem, where there is a problem". The cooperation between some local governments only stays in words and on paper, and has not really turned into joint action.

　　Beijing borders Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, with an administrative boundary line of 115 kilometers. "Taking the mountain as the boundary, one mountain is worth two days. You don’t need to look at the road signs. If there are fewer and fewer trees on the mountain, you will go out of the Beijing boundary and get pregnant." People in Huailai County often say this to Beijing tourists. In addition to the drought and lack of rain as we go northward, the financial input standard of afforestation and forest protection is an important reason. "The financial investment of planting an acre of land in the mountains in Yanqing District of Beijing is 8,000 yuan. It is good for Huailai to take out 800 yuan." A garden worker in Huailai County revealed. In fact, as an ecological conservation area in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Huailai County does not neglect ecological protection, but the difference in investment is determined by financial strength and economic level.

　　Chen Ming, deputy director of the Regional Planning Institute of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, said that the root cause of the above phenomenon mainly lies in administrative division, the coordination mechanism within urban agglomerations has not been straightened out, and the authority of the coordination agencies is insufficient, which leads to the administrative subjects acting in their own way and constraining each other. In addition, the existing environmental laws and regulations in China have not yet defined the main body and power and responsibility of environmental governance in urban agglomerations, and it is difficult to ensure the implementation of inter-city cooperation, which weakens the effectiveness of cooperation policies.

　　"The internal environmental protection standards of urban agglomerations are different, with obvious differences, relatively simple policy means, mostly mandatory means, lack of economic regulatory and encouraging policies, and poor social participation." Li Yue, a professor at the Party School of Changsha Municipal Committee, said.

　　How to build a "green urban agglomeration"

　　Environmental cooperative governance of urban agglomeration is a cross-administrative collective action based on common destiny and common development, which needs to coordinate and balance the interests of all parties and form an institutionalized and standardized cooperative mechanism. In this regard, some exploration experiences at home and abroad are worth learning.

　　First, balance the interest relationship between the environmental protection contribution areas and the environmental protection benefit areas within the urban agglomeration. Wang Kexiu, a professor at the Department of Economics Teaching and Research at the Party School of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, said that the interest compensation mechanism should be based on the principle of "polluters pay, managers benefit, and beneficiaries compensate". For example, the improvement of Changsha’s environment needs the support of upstream cities such as Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. If Changsha and the upstream cities can reach an interest compensation mechanism, it will accelerate the whole process of environmental improvement in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and Xiangjiang River basin.

　　Second, enhance the authority and enforcement of the environmental collaborative governance mechanism. For example, in the process of controlling ozone pollution in Los Angeles urban agglomeration, the United States has established a joint prevention and control mechanism of regional air pollution with unified planning, monitoring, supervision, evaluation and coordination. Several states in the northeastern United States have also jointly established the Ozone Transport Association (OTC), which is composed of state representatives and members of the Environmental Protection Agency, and is responsible for setting regional emission reduction targets for volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides and supervising their implementation.

　　Third, give play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of environmental resources in urban agglomerations and build a multi-incentive and restraint mechanism. For example, taking the property rights of resources and environment as the core, we should improve the system of paid use of resources, levy carbon tax on enterprises with high pollution and high energy consumption, implement the system of pollutant discharge permit and emission trading, force the industrial transformation and upgrading in urban agglomerations, and improve the ecological compensation mechanism in urban agglomerations.

　　Fourth, enhance public participation and strengthen law enforcement. "In the formulation of environmental legislation and standards, the United States has provided smooth channels of participation and supervision mechanisms for the government, enterprises, media and non-governmental organizations, and formed effective public supervision, thus promoting the government’s determination and strength in governance." Greg Yarwood, a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Clean Air Research Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency, believes that although many urban agglomerations in China are different from those in Los Angeles and other places in the United States, the governance process also needs the attention and full cooperation of the government, enterprises and the public. (Half-monthly talk about urban agglomeration research team: Fang Lie Liu Liangheng He Xinrong Xu Xuzhong Li Junyi Juck Zhang Bai Mingshan Zhao Ruixi)

　　In the smart phone market, Apple and Samsung have always been a pair of rivals who can’t tell the outcome. The contest between them actually represents the contest between Android and IOS to a great extent. Although Android’s current market share exceeds 70%, iOS has only about 20%, but iOS users are often more active than Android users, and the revenue of iOS can even exceed that of Android.

　　Regarding the iOS system, I think many people are familiar with it. It is a mobile operating system specially designed by Apple in 2007 for the first generation of Apple smartphones. At present, the latest version is ios 8.3 used on Iphone 6 and Iphone 6 Plus.

　　Compared with Android system, iOS is relatively closed, with low open source, less supported apps, and relies on iTunes, which makes data transmission and activation more troublesome.

　　However, the iOS system has great advantages, such as beautiful interface, smooth operation and so on. Let’s take a look at the advantages of iOS.

　　1. The operation interface is beautiful and concise.

　　IOS has always attracted many mobile phone users with its simple and beautiful interface. Whether it is the control icon of the mobile phone itself or the icon of the APP, it has a high value and strong visibility. People can look at such a beautiful and simple interface when using the mobile phone. It will be a great enjoyment.

　　2. The integration of software and hardware is very high.

　　In order to make the user’s experience stronger, the design of iOS is different from that of Android. iOS can be highly integrated with the hardware system, so that electronic devices can respond in the shortest time. However, the fragmentation of Android is serious, and sometimes the response of mobile phones will be very slow. On the contrary, the design of iOS greatly increases the stability of the system, which will be felt by people who have used the iphone.

　　3. Strong security

　　The security of electronic devices is an important part for users. Although iOS is more closed than Android, the closure of iOS brings high security returns. To operate Android phones, you don’t need any permission, just unlock the screen saver. However, if you want to use and operate all the functions of the phone, you must know the password and user name registered on Apple official website. If you can’t crack this permission, the Apple device is a brick. At the same time, the new functions of iOS can help users lock and operate.

　　4. Operation flow, Caton rarely appears.

　　When iOS is used, the background is pseudo-background or no background program, and the degree of optimization is very high, and it rarely produces cached junk files. When a software retreats into the background, it will basically stop running, leaving space for other software in use, which makes the operation of iOS very flow, and the phenomenon of jamming rarely occurs. In addition, the quality and security of iOS apps are very high, and it will not produce a large number of junk advertisements.

　　Generally speaking, there are many advantages and benefits of iOS, but it and Android are two completely different operating systems, each with its own advantages. Consumers’ choices should be based on their own habits and preferences, so don’t blindly follow suit.

Hello, this is the second issue of our special column "jargon"

Special feature of 1905 film network 　As expected, the musical starring Hugh Jackman didn’t arouse much splash after it was released. Compared with its beautiful counterattack curve in the North American market, the "dream master" P.T. barnum failed to create a miracle in the mainland, and the box office of the film only closed at 50 million after five days of painting, which is really regrettable.

Of course, this is not the first time that mainland audiences have not bought musical films. Last year, despite its reputation, its final box office in the mainland was only 247 million. European and American musical films, as a kind of classic films, have always been "acclimatized" in the mainland. There seems to be no successful case of local musical films in China. The only film with a box office of over 100 million yuan can be traced back to that directed by Jay Chou in 2013 (with a cumulative box office of 120 million yuan).

What is the definition of musical? Why did the musicals, which sold well in North America, go to the mainland? Why is the development of local musical films in China blocked? We also try to find answers to all kinds of questions about musical films.　

【Is it difficult for musical films to break the box office curse in the mainland?】

　

At present, the best-performing imported musical film in the mainland box office is (2017), which made a final box office of 590 million yuan in the mainland, but it is obvious whether the audience bought the song and dance or Disney and Big IP.

In the second place, la la land (2017), a well-known masterpiece with numerous awards, won 247 million RMB in the Mainland. Compared with the quality of the film, this achievement seems to be unsatisfactory. Followed by "The King of Circus" which is currently being released, the film won 54.82 million box office in six days, and the final box office is expected to stop before the 100 million mark.

《The Greatest Showman?"box office"

The box office of other imported musical films in the mainland can be described as bleak: (2013) the final box office was 63 million, (2011) the final box office was 13.98 million, (2011) the final box office was 3.97 million, (2003) the final box office was 3 million and (2015) the final box office was 2.25 million;

As for the achievements of Chinese musical films, they are not satisfactory: The cumulative box office of Love on the Rooftop (2013) was 120 million, that of 47.5 million, that of 30 million, that of 2005, and that of 2017 was less than 2 million, while that of China (2010) and (2014) were all less than one million.

There is no clear definition of musical film as action film and horror film.

Baidu Encyclopedia defines musical films as: "A film composed of a large number of songs and dances. Musical films are films that record opera performances or are adapted from operas. Most of them are played by singers, who mainly rely on singing to portray characters and unfold plots." Strictly speaking, only this kind of film, which is born out of musicals and is narrated by songs and dances, can be called musical films.

But nowadays, people are used to referring to musical films (including biographies of musicians, musical stories, musicals, operas and musical films) as musical films. But even in a broad sense, there are still very few musical films in the domestic market that can be called by the audience.

　

【The road of butterfly change in European and American musical films】

Musical films are one of the most famous types in the film industry, and when it comes to this "imported product", we have to talk about the history of European and American musical films first. Mainly Hollywood musical films, European and American musical films have made brilliant achievements after nearly 40 years of development from the late 1920s to the 1960s.

However, with the rise of television and the decline of Hollywood’s large-scale studio system, the song-and-dance utopia, which was stylized and avoided social problems, began to decline in the 1970s. By the 1990s, the production of song-and-dance films had fallen sharply, and there were almost no representative films, so the production of song-and-dance films entered a recession. After the 21st century, the musical in 2001 regained its attention, and in 2002, it won the Oscar again after a lapse of 34 years.

Since then, musical films have gradually recovered, and a number of musical films with their own styles and innovations have emerged, and many films have made sequels one after another. The creation of musical films has gradually begun to flourish again in the 21st century.

This prosperity not only refers to a breakthrough in the number of musical films, but also shows differences from previous musical films in the innovation of genre elements, narrative and theme expression of musical films and cultural orientation. Most of the classic musical films avoid talking about real problems, deliberately avoiding problems that plague social development, such as race and class.

Since the 21st century, with the opening of society and the diversified development of culture, many musical films have begun to face up to racial issues and draw fresh elements from black culture. Based on a true story starring Beyonce, the film sharply touches on the difficult situation that black music in the United States could not enter mainstream radio stations because of discrimination in the 1960s. It also focuses on the racial conflict between blacks and whites in the United States in the 1960 s; In 2015, the musical biopic also focused on the growth experience of the rap group N.W.A Different themes and diverse genres also cultivated a new generation of audience of song and dance/musical films.

　

【There are no musicals in China? All wet!】

　

When was there a musical in China? In fact, it was there when the first Chinese film was born. Traditional Chinese opera film is a unique type of Chinese film. In 1905, Peking Opera films made by China people themselves started the localization of films in China.

As the first film in China, Dingjun Mountain is a drama film. After that, Mei Lanfang, a Peking Opera artist, boldly explored and borrowed the advantages of Kunqu Opera and starred in the Kunqu Opera movie "A Dream in the Garden" (1960), which not only used feature film technology, but also fully retained the characteristics of stage performance.

Mei Lanfang’s photo with the movie queen mary pickford in the United States.

Fei Mu, the director, also explored the traditional Chinese opera films earlier, and made three traditional Chinese opera films successively (1937), (1941) and (1948). In 1950s, traditional Chinese opera films began to rise. In 1955, the film directed by Shi Hui was released in Hong Kong, which was a great success and attracted the attention of Hong Kong audiences and filmmakers.

Shaw Company took the lead in producing a large number of Huangmei films (1958), (1960) and (1963), which were all very successful in the market. Directed by Cui Xie and Chen Huaiai in 1960, he won the Best opera film Award in Hundred Flowers Award in 1962. At the same time,, and so on were the models of traditional Chinese opera films at that time. According to incomplete statistics, since the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), more than 300 traditional Chinese opera films have been filmed, involving more than 60 kinds of operas.

　

Since the 1980s, the social and cultural life has become increasingly rich, and the traditional Chinese opera films have suffered a certain impact, but until now, there are still many traditional Chinese opera films produced every year.

The newly edited Peking Opera film (2013) won the Best opera film Award in the 29th China Film Golden Rooster Award, and the Cantonese Opera film (2015) was adapted from the large-scale Cantonese opera classic "Legend of Lun Wenxu". In 2015, a 3D version of Peking Opera film appeared for the first time.

In addition, there are many musical films of ethnic minorities in China, but we can hardly see them in mainstream cinemas. Most of these musical films are broadcast through local TV media.

【Can musical films regain their popularity】

　

Zhong Jinwen, dean of the School of Literature and Journalism and Communication of the Central University for Nationalities and director of the China National Film and Television Research Center, believes that talking about whether a musical is a minority depends on the standards it refers to. Obviously, the above-mentioned traditional Chinese opera films and folk song and dance films are destined to belong to the minority in the current film market environment. Musical films in mainstream movies are often difficult to succeed. In recent years, Gorgeous Office Workers and 52 Hz, I Love You have not only been dismal at the box office, but also caused great controversy in word of mouth.

In the mainland, which lacks musical culture, the audience doesn’t know much about traditional musical films. Most people have little musical influence since childhood, and many people can’t understand the plot of "singing as they play". When the singing competition was hot, The Voice of China tried to imitate Glee’s column drama My Youth is Eight Degrees Higher, but most viewers thought it was "accepting incompetence".

"My Youth is Eight Degrees Higher" is not recognized by the public.

In addition, in mainland cinemas, the number of musical films released each year is very limited, and it is not easy for the audience to cultivate their interest in this type. For investors, musical is not a good choice.

Yang Yan, a senior producer and a member of the Film Critics Association, said that she rarely encountered musical scripts in her career. "The narrative of musical is confined by the form. It is necessary to condense the story and match it with appropriate dance and genre. When the audience watches it, there will be a sense of alienation, because everyone doesn’t sing and dance without saying a word. It is different from the viewing habits of China audiences. China audiences are more willing to go to the cinema to watch a story, which leads to few companies willing to invest in a musical. In addition, the big directors’ musical films are basically discounted, and the rate of return is not good. Everyone rarely discusses the investment of musical films in the market. "

　

【So, what about the future market of musical films?】

Yang Yan affirmed, "Absolutely not." She revealed, "In order to bind some directors, some film companies need to exchange some film contracts for some filming by this director, but this belongs to’ no way’. If the photographer evaluates the market normally, the film company is unlikely to shoot a musical."

　

In addition to investment, musical films are also facing many practical difficulties in creation.

A producer who has participated in musical films also revealed that musical films put forward higher requirements for many positions in the film crew, such as director, screenwriter, composer, lyricist, costume, etc. It is difficult to make a musical film with visual quality, and there are few actors with musical literacy, acting skills and popularity.

But the producer also thinks that musicals are very suitable for mixing, because music can be added to various story scenes, and there may be many possibilities for musicals in the future.

At present, films such as "The King of Circus" and "la la land" may be doomed to fail to rival other blockbusters at the box office in the Mainland, and audiences are still skeptical about Chinese musical films such as "Gorgeous Office Workers" and "52 Hz, I Love You".

However, they let more people know about musical films, and also let the mainland film market see the hope of musical films: even if there is a minority, there is still demand. It is believed that these films with an overwhelming reputation can make more people fall in love with musicals, and it is also hoped that the box office "curse" of mainland musicals can be really broken in the future, and more China musicals will appear in the "new era".

On April 18th, Tencent sogou Input Method launched the Developer Center, which opened more than 20 capabilities such as input window, status bar and shortcut keys, and supported the secondary development of third-party large models, AI tools and other applications. Enterprise users can independently expand more smart office capabilities based on the input method according to the office needs of the intranet environment.

As the first development partner, Jiuzhang Yunji DataCanvas, a domestic supplier of artificial intelligence basic software, will combine sogou input method to build an exclusive large model for enterprises and launch a privatization solution of "Enterprise Knowledge Management Assistant".

A large number of business information, such as work summaries and technical documents, will be generated in the daily operation of enterprises, which will be stored in different software systems and intelligent terminals, resulting in some problems, such as inconvenient retrieval, long calling link, and difficulty in precipitation and reuse, especially in large enterprises in the fields of energy, finance and manufacturing.

The privatization solution of "enterprise knowledge management assistant" takes the input method as the carrier, and combines the large model ability with the office input scene to simplify the information retrieval process and improve the efficiency of enterprise information utilization.

This solution is based on Jarvex knowledge agent independently developed by Jiuzhang Yunji DataCanvas, and supports the collection, processing and writing of multimodal data such as enterprise texts and pictures into vector database. Using enterprise private domain data, the scheme generates a vertical large model oriented to business scenarios, providing knowledge generation, knowledge question and answer, knowledge management and other capabilities.

Sogou input method has opened up the ability to obtain candidate words. The vertical large enterprise model generated by the scheme can retrieve and analyze the input candidate words, generate professional vocabulary explanation, business data extraction and other information, and directly display it in the input box, so as to realize the instant search.

In addition, the sogou input method also opens up the capabilities of customizing tool windows and shortcut keys. Enterprise users can independently configure common websites and applications in the input method, and create a dedicated tool portal. Tools such as intelligent writing and intelligent dialogue assistant developed based on Jarvex knowledge agent can also be integrated into the input method tool window.

According to the "Science Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education Primary Schools" revised by the Ministry of Education, since the beginning of this autumn, primary school science courses have been listed as "basic courses" as important as Chinese and mathematics, and the initial grade has been extended to the first grade of primary school. This change has been widely recognized by teachers and parents.

Science education has always been an important part of Lide Shuren’s work. In today’s era, science education has a fundamental role in improving the scientific quality of the whole people and laying a solid foundation for building an innovative country. Nowadays, science and technology are changing with each passing day, which is profoundly changing people’s production and lifestyle. Because of this, everyone living in the era of rapid development of science and technology must have scientific quality. Science education in primary schools is of great significance to stimulate and protect children’s curiosity and thirst for knowledge, and to cultivate students’ scientific spirit and practical innovation ability. From this point of view, the cultivation of scientific quality must be grasped and grasped from an early age.

It should also be noted that science education is not limited to theoretical education. The goal it pursues is not only to master scientific knowledge, but also to put the learning of scientific knowledge in the process of hands-on practice and in the situation of the relationship between science and society under the grand natural and social picture. The new curriculum standard emphasizes that primary school science is a practical and comprehensive course, and the course regards inquiry activities as an important way for students to learn science, and comprehensively uses knowledge and methods in different fields to understand natural phenomena and solve practical problems. These requirements are obvious to the improvement of students’ practical ability, scientific thinking and scientific spirit. How to cope with the new changes of science curriculum standards? As the main force, schools and teachers need to make changes and innovative attempts in teaching concepts and teaching practices, and push open the door to the guidance of science education in primary schools. And all kinds of high-quality science education institutions, such as universities, scientific research institutes and popular science venues, should also take active actions to create conditions for ensuring the implementation of science courses, so that the skylight of science education in primary schools can directly reach the sky of science.

With the support of Shanghai Education Commission, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum and Shanghai Natural Museum established cooperative relations with 127 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai in 2016 alone, and developed 97 library-based courses suitable for different age groups, and 40 science courses have been officially started in schools. Not long ago, the "Future Science+"summer science camp project of Shanghai popular science forum sponsored by Shanghai Science and Technology Museum also made a useful attempt on science education. Some students said that this kind of science education not only enabled them to learn scientific knowledge, but more importantly, they were educated in a future-oriented world outlook, outlook on life and values, and knew how to learn science and think across disciplines. Science education institutions, including popular science venues, have unique advantages in science education because of their rich interactive natural science exhibits and facilities, which can provide more opportunities for students to practice and think scientifically. To develop science education in primary schools well, education administrative departments and school management departments need to establish stable communication channels and long-term cooperation models with popular science venues, make good use of the resources of popular science venues, and promote the development of science courses through cooperation between libraries and schools.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once emphasized that "scientific and technological innovation and scientific popularization are the two wings to realize innovation and development, and scientific popularization should be placed in the same important position as scientific and technological innovation". Teenagers are the key population and basic population for the popularization of science. Only by constantly innovating and invigorating science education in primary schools and attaching importance to front-line practice can we guide students into the door of science, subtly spawn a group of innovative brains and cultivate more modern talents with scientific literacy for the future.(Deputy Director, Research Center for Science Communication and Development, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum) Song xian)

CCTV News:Recently, the Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference, and a spokesperson introduced that this year’s 1-mdash; In July, the actual utilization of US funds in China increased by 25.5% year-on-year, showing the confidence of US-funded enterprises in China’s business environment.

A spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce said that China has always adhered to the basic national policy of reform and opening up, and has always been committed to creating a market-oriented, rule-of-law and international first-class business environment. In order to create a more optimized investment environment for foreign investors, recently, the State Council issued "On Further Optimizing the Foreign Investment Environment"

Opinions on increasing the intensity of attracting foreign investment, put forward 24 policy measures in six aspects, and strive to reduce the burden and increase the vitality of foreign trade enterprises in many aspects.

The number of foreign trade enterprises has increased and their vitality has increased.

Since the beginning of this year, China’s foreign trade has withstood multiple pressures, and under the background of falling demand in the international market, it has generally achieved stable operation, demonstrated strong resilience, and its endogenous motivation has continued to increase.

From the main point of view, the number of foreign trade enterprises has increased and their vitality has increased. The majority of enterprises are the cornerstone of foreign trade development. 1-mdash this year; In July, the number of foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance exceeded 550,000, a year-on-year increase of 5.1%.

From the perspective of the format, the new kinetic energy of foreign trade development has been accelerated. Cross-border e-commerce has maintained rapid development. In the first half of the year, imports and exports increased by 16%, and the proportion of total foreign trade imports and exports rose from less than 1% five years ago to about 5%. There are over 100,000 cross-border e-commerce entities and nearly 700 industrial parks, and new modes such as live e-commerce and social e-commerce are constantly emerging, which has become an important channel for foreign trade enterprises and products to go to sea.

The foreign exchange reserve ratio is lowered again to promote the stability of RMB exchange rate

Recently, due to internal and external factors, RMB exchange rate volatility has intensified. In order to improve the ability of financial institutions to use foreign exchange funds, the People’s Bank of China decided today (September 1) to reduce the foreign exchange deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions by 2 percentage points from September 15, 2023, that is, the foreign exchange deposit reserve ratio will be reduced from the current 6% to 4%. It is estimated that about US$ 16 billion in foreign exchange liquidity will be released in China, which will help to reduce the negative spread between domestic and foreign currencies and promote the stability of RMB exchange rate.

Experts said that adjusting the foreign exchange reserve ratio has always been regarded as a reserve policy in the central bank’s policy toolbox to stabilize market exchange rate expectations. Lowering the foreign exchange reserve ratio can improve the ability of financial institutions to use foreign exchange funds, strengthen the management of foreign exchange liquidity, partially release foreign exchange liquidity, adjust the relationship between supply and demand in the foreign exchange market, and smooth the fluctuation of the foreign exchange market.

Partial time deposit interest ratelower Better support the real economy

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, China CITIC Bank, Zheshang Bank and other banks have successively announced that they will reduce some time deposit interest rates from September 1st. Experts said that lowering interest rates will help banks better support the real economy.

The two departments jointly issued a document to reduce the interest rate of the first home loan in stock.

On August 31st, the People’s Bank of China and the General Administration of Financial Supervision jointly issued the Notice on Matters Related to Reducing the Interest Rate of the First Home Loan in Stock. After the adjustment of the interest rate of the first commercial personal housing loan, the average decline is 0.8 percentage points, and the financial burden of residents will be significantly reduced. Taking a loan with a term of 1 million yuan and an original interest rate of 5.1% for example, assuming that the mortgage interest rate is reduced to 4.3%, the borrower’s interest rate expenditure can be saved by more than 5,000 yuan per year. Reducing the interest rate of the first home loan in stock will help to reduce the housing consumption burden of residents, promote residents to convert savings into consumption and investment, and boost residents’ willingness and ability to expand consumption.

　　The supermarket paper towel wedding dress, known as the "masterpiece of supermarket aunt", became a hot spot for forwarding and commenting as soon as it appeared in Weibo. As a result, various creative displays against the sky, such as toothpaste bicycles, towel tropical fish and mat armor soldiers, began to appear frequently … The reporter visited Changsha supermarket and learned more detailed stories behind these amazing "masterpieces". Network observer (reporter) Li Jin

　　Recently, some creative supermarket product display photos have been circulated wildly on the Internet, among which Weibo, the model of tissue wedding dress, has the largest forwarding volume. Because many supermarket waiters are already aunts, these creative displays have also been praised as naughty "supermarket aunts" by netizens. "I just went to the supermarket and met a sexy beauty. I found that supermarket aunts are all talents, and I admire them. I specially photographed them to share with you! " Some netizens commented on Weibo.

　　@ News Background: Supermarket aunt works against the sky

　　Recently, Changsha netizens have also found mop lucky plates, mahjong mat armor and cute fruits in the supermarket … Mr. Li, a citizen, went to the second floor of Wonderful Life Supermarket to buy fruits. As soon as he entered, he was attracted by a huge "bicycle" on the promotion shelf. Looking intently, it was actually made of hundreds of toothpastes!

　　"How creative!" Mr. Li, who originally only needed to buy fruit, was surprised and bought toothpaste when he saw that the price was very cost-effective.

　　In supermarkets such as Carrefour, there are beautiful wedding dresses made of toilet paper: a tube of toilet paper is wrapped around the model statue, connected from the waist, dragged to the ground, and fixed with paper clips to form an elegant "toilet paper wedding dress"; There are "tropical fish with towels": towels are rolled into rolls, with green and blue towels as the bottom, pink towels as the outline, and a vivid "tropical fish" seems to be swimming … There are also cute cartoon characters piled up with dishwashing cloths, huge "cattail leaf fans" made of mops, handsome "armored soldiers" made of sleeping mats, "Totoro honey pomelo" and other series of works.

　　However, is it really that supermarket aunts are bored and POSE with all kinds of goods? If you think so, you are really "naive". The reporter learned that in fact, this is a "promotional artifact" carefully developed by marketers, and the technical term of anti-God is "creative display".

　　@ 丫丫丫丫丫丫: Behind the supermarket aunt is a marketer.

　　Who came up with these ideas? Is it really a supermarket "aunt" who is idle to kill time?

　　The reporter visited a large supermarket in Changsha and learned that in fact, there are not only supermarket aunts with specific arrangements behind the masterpiece, but more importantly, a group of creative professional marketers.

　　The staff of Carrefour supermarket told the reporter: "This is not the masterpiece of’ Aunt’, but mainly planned by professionals from businesses and supermarkets. Generally, it is only available when manufacturers promote their products. "

　　The reporter learned from several supermarkets that these ideas generally originated from the planning department of suppliers.

　　After they make creative planning, it is time for the supermarket "aunt" to show her talents. "After the supplier designs the shapes and props, he will send someone to the supermarket to lead the waiter to be responsible for splicing the goods." Only in this way can we see those "works of God".

　　In addition, many supermarkets also have their own planning departments and art departments. In order to improve the popularity of supermarkets, they will also make some planning plans for the display of goods.

　　@ 中中中中: Attracting customers and improving sales performance.

　　Why do manufacturers and supermarkets make masterpieces? In fact, the goal of "making you look good" is to "make you pay" and attract consumers and improve sales performance by "aunt’s masterpiece".

　　Just like Li Mian, I just went to the supermarket to buy paper, but I was attracted by the idea of "bicycle" toothpaste. When I saw that it was quite affordable, I bought an extra toothpaste. Many citizens are naturally attracted when they see the creative display in the supermarket. Take a closer look at how it is put out under research, so as to pay more attention to the product.

　　"Ordinary goods display is difficult to attract customers’ attention." Ms. Li, a staff member of Carrefour, said that this kind of creative display can especially attract customers to stop and watch.

　　In addition to the need for creative display for manufacturers’ promotion, supermarkets will also use this creative display to create a festive atmosphere and gather popularity when holidays come. While adding vitality to the supermarket, it can also make customers happy.

　　(Original title: Supermarket Auntie’s creative drink bottles are arranged into a stadium (Figure))

(Source: Red Net)

We know that compared with refined grains, whole grains contain more dietary fiber, fat, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and other plant active substances, which have better health benefits for human body. Increasing whole grain intake is beneficial to weight control and reducing the risk of chronic diseases related to diet, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and tumors. Therefore, the recommended intake of whole grains is defined for the first time in the latest dietary guidelines for China residents, and the importance of whole grains intake is emphasized.

So what is the whole grain intake of China residents? How to increase the intake of whole grains?

The latest Dietary Guidelines for China Residents 2016.It is recommended to consume 50-150g of whole grains every day.

In the latest edition of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016), the first recommendation is "Food is diverse, mainly cereals". Grain-oriented is an important feature of Chinese’s balanced diet model. It is suggested that the average adult should consume 250~400 g of cereals and potatoes every day, among whichWhole grains contain 50-150g of miscellaneous beans.50~100 g of potatoes.

Compared with the dietary guidelines for China residents in 2007, the latest version of the revised dietary guidelines replaces coarse grains with whole grains. Whole grain refers to the grain that has not been refined or has retained the endosperm, germ, bran composition and its natural nutrients of the whole grain despite grinding/crushing/tabletting.

The daily intake of whole grains by adult residents is less than 15g.It is far from the recommended intake of 50-150g/day.

In order to fully and accurately understand the consumption of coarse grains among adults in China, Professor He Yuna from the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and others used the monitoring data of nutrition and health status of residents in China from 2010 to 2012 to analyze the consumption of coarse grains among residents aged 18 and above in China. The research results were published in the Journal of Nutrition in the first half of the year.

The survey results show that the daily intake of whole grains for adult men in China is 13.9g, and that for women is 14.6 g; Rural areas are slightly higher than urban areas, which are 15.5g/d and 13.0g/d respectively. Grouped by age, generally speaking, the older you are, the higher your whole grain intake is, and the intake of women is slightly higher than that of men.

Compared with the minimum recommended intake of whole grains of 50g as the reference value, the proportion of the whole grains intake of different populations in China reaches or exceeds the reference value is 7%~16.7% (as shown in the following figure), so more than 80% of adult residents have insufficient intake of whole grains.

How to increase the intake of whole grains?

The latest dietary guidelines also give some very good suggestions on how to increase the intake of whole grains.

Make whole grains a good meal partner.

Whole grain foods are diverse and nutritious. It is recommended to eat 50-150g of whole grains every day, which is equivalent to 1/4-1/3 of the whole grains in a day. Whole grain oatmeal, whole grain bread, small rice, etc. can all be part of the diet.

Blend into the staple food

Whole grains such as oats, millet, corn, whole wheat flour, etc. can be directly used as staple foods, and at least one meal in three meals a day is whole grains. For example, eat oatmeal, eight-treasure porridge, millet porridge, etc. for breakfast, and for lunch, mix corn flour, mung bean flour, oatmeal flour, or choose whole wheat flour; Put a handful of oats, brown rice, etc. in white rice.

Blend into dishes

Some whole grain foods can also be used as delicious dishes, such as kidney beans and flower beans, which can be made into delicious cold dishes after being boiled soft, or the fast-cooked whole grains can be mixed with vegetables to make nutritious and delicious dishes.

Clever use of modern cookers

Consumers who are used to the fine and soft taste of refined rice flour may feel that the entrance of whole grains is rough, and they will be uncomfortable at the beginning of eating whole grains. In this regard, we can play the role of modern kitchen cookers to improve the taste, such as making whole grain rice paste with soybean milk machine and cooking oatmeal rice with oats with rice cooker, which can make whole grains more delicious.

Source: China Nutrition Society.

　　Beijing, Feb. 23 (Reporter Zhang Nizhong Qing) The one-week Spring Festival holiday has come to an end. Buy new year’s goods, travel abroad and experience a cultural feast … … This holiday, people’s lives have become more colorful and their consumption has become more diversified. Where did everyone spend their money this Spring Festival? A set of numbers reveals the answer.

　　Data Map: Semi-finished dishes launched by a restaurant. Photo by leng Yuyang

　　Time-honored catering enterprises have a booking rate of over 95%.

　　Bread is the staff of life. During the Spring Festival holiday, eating a new height is a consumer demand that Chinese people attach great importance to. New Year’s Eve dinner, family reunion dinner and family banquet have become the protagonists of the Spring Festival catering market.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, the booking rate of New Year’s Eve dinner in various places is hot. The booking rate of some time-honored catering enterprises is over 95%, the attendance rate of major hotels in Qinhuangdao is over 90%, and the sales of New Year’s Eve dinner in Shanghai increased by 11% year-on-year.

　　During the Golden Week of the Spring Festival, the operating income of key monitoring catering enterprises in Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Guangxi and Hainan increased by about 10% year-on-year, while Hebei, Fujian and Inner Mongolia increased by 8.9%, 8.0% and 7.6% respectively.

　　Of course, preparing for the New Year’s Eve dinner at home does not lose the "grade".

　　According to the statistics of Tmall’s "Buy as usual" during the Spring Festival, the turnover of imported fresh food increased by nearly 300% compared with last year, and Chilean king crab, Boston lobster, New Zealand longevity fish, Canadian Arctic ginseng, Vietnamese black tiger shrimp, etc. are all table favorites of adult goods. In addition, Chilean cherries stand out in the fruit army, and the payment orders increased by more than 400% year-on-year.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday, there are many tourists in Sanfang and Qixiang, Fuzhou. Reporter Liu Kegeng photo

　　The per capita spending level of outbound tourists exceeds 6,000 yuan.

　　During the Golden Week of the Spring Festival, traveling and vacationing has also become an alternative way for Chinese people to celebrate the Spring Festival.

　　According to the comprehensive calculation of the data center of the National Tourism Administration, in the Spring Festival of 2018, the country received a total of 386 million tourists, a year-on-year increase of 12.1%, and realized a tourism income of 475 billion yuan.

　　Data show that during the Spring Festival, China tourists arrived in 68 countries and regions and 730 cities at home and abroad from nearly 200 major domestic cities.

　　In China, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Guangxi, Hubei, Zhejiang and other provinces receive the top ten tourists. Southeast Asia is still the destination with the most outbound tourists during the Spring Festival, and long-distance outbound destinations such as Argentina and Mexico are also very popular during the Spring Festival.

　　According to the Inventory of Tourism and Travel Consumption in the Spring Festival Golden Week of 2018 jointly released by Tongcheng International Travel Service and Tongcheng Yilong, the per capita spending level of outbound travel during the Spring Festival Golden Week exceeded 6,000 yuan.

　　From Ctrip’s booking data, outbound and group tours and free travel accounted for 52% and 48% respectively; After 1985 and 1990, tourists accounted for nearly 50% and began to dominate the outbound tourism market.

　　In Taiyuan, Shanxi, people are queuing to buy tickets for watching movies. Photo by Zhang Yun

　　The domestic box office has broken 5.6 billion yuan.

　　During the Spring Festival, watching movies, visiting museums, soaking in libraries and other activities have become the "New Year custom" for many people.

　　There are many new films released in the Spring Festival this year, and the market competition is very fierce. According to the preliminary statistics of real-time box office of Cat’s Eye movies, from the first day of the first month of February 16th to the sixth day of the 21st, the domestic box office totaled 5.6 billion yuan, setting a new record for the Spring Festival in China film market.

　　In addition to the booming film market, major museums also welcomed an endless stream of visitors this Spring Festival.

　　For example, the new Hunan Provincial Museum runs at "full capacity" from the first day of the first month to the sixth day of the first month, and receives more than 100,000 visitors during the holidays.

　　In Chengdu, during the Spring Festival holiday, Chengdu Wuhou Temple, Du Fu Caotang and Jinsha Site received nearly 1.4 million visitors.

　　In addition, many people chose "keeping company with books" this Spring Festival. For example, during the Spring Festival, more than 60,000 people came to Beijing Book Building, a year-on-year increase of 20%. The National Library has carried out various activities, such as the curator’s New Year greetings and "watching the Yongle Grand Ceremony to celebrate the 1898 New Year".

　　Data Map: Citizens buy gold jewelry in Beijing Caibai. China News Service reporter Ren Haixia photo

　　The average single purchase of gold in Beijing, Shanghai and other places exceeds 8,500 yuan.

　　During the Spring Festival this year, sales of old-fashioned goods, green food, jewelry, seasonal clothing, smart home appliances and digital products maintained rapid growth.

　　Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce show that all kinds of gold and silver jewelry with the theme of Zodiac in the Year of the Dog ushered in a sales peak, and the sales of gold and silver jewelry of key monitoring enterprises in Shaanxi, Guizhou and Jilin increased by 43%, 30.6% and 17.8% respectively.

　　In addition, the listing of spring clothes boosted clothing sales, and the clothing sales of key monitoring enterprises in Yunnan, Guangxi and Shaanxi increased by 13.2%, 11.3% and 7.2% respectively.

　　According to the China Annual Report released by China UnionPay, the theme of Spring Festival shopping is to honor the elderly, which has promoted the sales of household appliances, gold, health care products and alcohol. According to the latest data, the national gold consumption scale increased by 20.4% month-on-month, and Beijing, Jiangxi and Shanghai were the most generous, with an average single purchase of gold exceeding 8,500 yuan.

　　At the same time, health care products also ushered in the peak season of sales. During the twelfth lunar month of 2017, the overall growth rate of health care products was over 70% year-on-year. Residents in Henan and Qinghai were most willing to spend money on health care products, with a single person spending over 7,000 yuan; The consumption scale of alcoholic beverages has also increased rapidly. During the twelfth lunar month, the number of people consuming alcoholic beverages increased by over 80% year-on-year. People in Guangdong, Henan, Fujian, Shandong and Jiangsu are the best drinkers, and the consumption scale of alcoholic beverages ranks among the top five in China. (End)

Special feature of 1905 film network "What a big fellow! This must be a sad and generous man in Yanzhao Northland. "

　

Qiao Feng, the great hero in Mr. Wang’s "Eight Dragons", will be put on the big screen.

　

The film produced and starring by him was first exposed at Cannes Film Festival a few days ago, and the film is being prepared for production. When Donnie Yen meets Jin Yong, what sparks will there be?

With the ending of the series and the comprehensive summary of "Zhen Kung Fu", Donnie Yen is also facing a breakthrough in the future personal action film route.

　

In the past, he formed his own unique action style by combining mixed martial arts with fashion action movies. Later, the new school Wing Chun became famous with the series of "Ip Man" and rushed out of the country, becoming its most influential masterpiece so far.

Before the release, Donnie Yen had announced that he would bid farewell to martial arts films such as Ip Man. He bluntly said, "I have almost found a breakthrough in kung fu films." Now, Donnie Yen will aim at another field in action movies — — Martial arts.

What bureau will Qiao Feng Biography be organized?

First of all, it is necessary to clarify the conceptual differences between Kung Fu films and martial arts films mentioned by Donnie Yen.

　

Professor Jia Leilei, an expert in martial arts film research, wrote in the article "Historical Naming and Type Evolution of China Martial Arts Films" that martial arts films can better define this kind of films with martial arts actions as the main performance form than concepts such as kung fu films and martial arts films.

　

His China martial arts films in the past hundred years are subdivided into "Legends of Genies, Biographies of Characters, Knives in Ancient Costume, Martial Arts and Martial Arts, Humorous Comedy and Magic Myth".

　

Based on this discussion, Donnie Yen’s farewell to kung fu movies should mean that he will no longer shoot biographies and martial arts movies like Ip Man, while The Legend of Dragon in Eight Parts of Qiao Feng seems to indicate that he will work hard in the direction of martial arts movies like ancient swords.

　

From the 1990s to the year after 2000, Donnie Yen made this kind of martial arts films, but the creative dominance was more in the hands of directors such as,, and so on.

At the top of the first poster released by Qiao Feng Biography of Dragon and Eight Branches, "A DONNIE YEN FILM”&mdash conspicuously written & mdash; — "Donnie Yen Movies". It can be seen that no matter who is the director or producer of this film, just like the author label formed by "movie" and "movie", Donnie Yen is the core bone of this film.

Regarding the choice of the heroine, Donnie Yen revealed that she would give priority to acting skills, refused to face plastic surgery, and the coffee spot was not important, not to mention the new person who was selected for the sea election. It can be seen that Donnie Yen has great control over this film, and his creative ambition is not small.

　

The producer behind the film is Infinite Freedom Film, acting as a producer. This production group has just released a film adapted from Jin Yong’s novels in this year’s online Spring Festival file, and Jing Wong also remake Jin Yong’s harmony in his early years.

Only now, the film and television works adapted from Jin Yong’s novels have almost become synonymous with "bad drama" and "bad film". Jing Wong’s new version of "Eternal Dragon Slayer" has been a hit at the online box office, with bad reviews.

　

In the past five years, Jin Yong’s new dramas, such as New the legendary swordsman, Dragon Slayer, The Duke Of Mount Deer, and Dragon’s Eight Branches, have appeared frequently, and some of them have fallen into the curse of low marks, such as wrong casting, excessive showmanship, vulgarization of stories, and exaggeration of love dramas into "Qiong Yao style".

Counting from the Qiao Feng Biography of Eight Dragons, six TV series and four films were made from 1982 to 1994, and there were no cinema films related to Eight Dragons.

　

The film version is the most classic, but it is not about Qiao Feng, Duan Yu or Xu Zhu, but about the "fighting style" of the two girls and the elegant demeanor of the leading role. For the role of Qiao Feng, the version and version of TV series are the most praised.

Donnie Yen had been in contact with Jin Yong before, and only played Zhang Sanfeng in this year’s new edition of "Eternal Dragon Slayer". Playing opera is a cinch, that is, it lacks the temperament of sage like type, and there are problems of strong martial arts and weak literary drama.

If Donnie Yen plays Qiao Feng this time, the display of martial arts skills, such as lowering the dragon’s eighteen palms and beating the dog with a stick, is the second, and how to shape Qiao Feng’s true colors as a great hero is the key.

It is said that the film was directed by The Untamed, and it changed from a costume drama to a martial arts movie. These are two totally different creative dimensions, and whether it will become an online movie like the new version of "Eternal Dragon Slayer" after completion. Because of these uncertain factors, most viewers still keep a cautious wait-and-see attitude towards the expectations of the film.

The Dilemma and Breakage of Martial Arts Films

It’s not just "Eight Dragons", but there are very few films adapted from Jin Yong’s novels at present.

　

The last Jin Yong film that can be seen in domestic cinemas was the final version that was released in 2008, but the content of this film is quite different from the original "Legend of the Condor Heroes", which is completely an artistic film after personal deconstruction of Jin Yong’s text.

Not only Jin Yong’s films are not favored by the market, but China’s martial arts films have been in decline for more than a decade, and the decline of martial arts films has long been a cliche in the industry.

　

Comparing with the market performance data, in 2011, there were 18 domestic films with box office exceeding 100 million in China mainland market, and 9 martial arts films accounted for it. In 2019, when the box office of Chinese movies was the hottest before the outbreak, only the martial arts film "Ip Man 4: The End" had a box office of over 100 million, which stood out.

Martial arts films are not the mainstream type in the cinema market today, but a large number of them gather in the online movie platform and grow wildly.

　

In the top three in the history of online movie box office, there are two fantasy martial arts films. In 2022, among the top five online movie box offices, there is also a Zhang Sanfeng. The martial arts craze has turned to the Internet, but unfortunately the content still stays in the IP cold rice.

China’s martial arts films have entered a cooling-off period at the moment, just like western films, which have experienced peaks and valleys. This is a universal law in the development of genre films, but it does not mean that the development of martial arts films has stopped in the past ten years.

　

With three films in the series, Tsui Hark continuously used 3D and special effects technology, combined with suspense detective elements, to inject visual and genre vitality into martial arts films. At the same time, he has been preparing to remake Jin Yong’s "The Condor Heroes" and plans to build a trilogy.

Wong Kar-wai and two highly successful directors have surrendered and.

They not only integrate their personal artistic style into the martial arts, but also create an image texture that is different from the traditional martial arts films. The former writes about the future of the whole martial arts. The latter closely follows the contradiction of "one person, no one of the same kind", and presents the spiritual waves of a generation of women in the dynamic and static switching.

The two films directed by young people have inherited the style of traditional swordsmen’s films with swords and swords, and used the tactics story of the Spring and Autumn brushwork to learn from the past and keep up with the contemporary.

　

Those who create a new martial arts style by themselves pay more attention to the expression of China culture and martial arts inheritance than traditional martial arts films by going deep into different martial arts schools.

Xu Haofeng has made incisive observations and summaries on the shortcomings in the creation of current martial arts films in the book Knife and Stars.

　

He believes that "tracing back to the history of martial arts, we can find that for a long time, martial arts movies were psychological compensation for the lack of national strength." Therefore, many heroes created by martial arts films "hide others from others with’ national justice’ and give the audience cheap excitement with’ declaring war on the outside world’. They don’t have a clear concept of love, values, and life and death. They just rely on’ forcing urgency and fighting’ to cope with everything. "

"Most martial arts films are catharsis of bad mentality, and it is difficult to see a respectable character and a personality worth thinking about, which is far from the high-quality part of traditional culture." In other words, to revive the martial arts movies, we can’t rely on slogans, we can’t turn martial arts into martial arts, and we must establish unique values in order to tell a good story.

　

Xu Haofeng also believes that martial arts films need to reflect on China culture, especially the fear of the collapse of ceremonies. "First, we must establish our own fear and redemption, and we can’t fight any more."

Xu Haofeng’s theoretical thinking prompted him to put himself into practical shooting. In order to face more audiences, Xu Haofeng began to adopt the commercial film production mode from Master, and joined star actors to enter the cinema market. However, since then, projects have been set up and new films have been filmed, and "Hiding on the Back of the Knife" and "Treasure in front of the door" have all been completed, but for various reasons, they have been delayed.

　

Starring "Poetic Eyes Tired of Tianya" was released in 2018. After many years, the video material was released in the near future and quickly boarded the hot search. It can be seen that the audience’s enthusiasm for martial arts films and their desire for excellent martial arts films are undiminished.

Donnie Yen’s Biography of Dragon in Qiao Feng also has the opportunity to create new possibilities for China’s martial arts films.

　

On the pilot poster, Qiao Feng’s image of winning the crowd is reminiscent of the most famous Yanmenguan War in the novel, and Qiao Feng’s sad life, starting point and ending point are all here. It is not only to show Qiao Feng’s heroic spirit, but also his fear and redemptive power to the rough life experience, which is enough to bring more space for the story creation of the film.

According to the report, Donnie Yen wants to use this film as a starting point to establish the martial arts universe in China and export the martial arts spirit in China. Just as The Avengers created Iron Man, the spiritual leader, to imitate the modern system of Marvel Universe to shoot The Legend of Dragon in Qiao Feng, it is also an attempt to go abroad.

　

But never forget the local roots of China’s martial arts films and the soul of China’s martial arts film culture.