hfgjgh

First, see a doctor

1. You don’t need to hang the expert number for the first visit.

The first visit is mainly to ask about the medical history, issue relevant tests, and hang the ordinary number.

No matter what medicine you take, you should avoid smoking.

Salt and alkali contained in smoke will accelerate the degradation of drugs in the liver, leading to the decrease of drug concentration in the blood.

3. Breast hyperplasia does not need to be treated

After a physical examination, 8 out of 10 women have the problem of "mammary gland hyperplasia", and most of them are benign, so pay attention to regular review.

4. Run when you see the hospital for treating cervical erosion.

The name "cervical erosion" has been cancelled. If it is diagnosed as this thing, it means that the hospital or doctor is not reliable.

5. Diabetes is not caused by eating too much sugar.

The main cause of type I diabetes is heredity, and the main cause of type II diabetes is obesity.

6. It is very important to inject rabies vaccine after scratching and biting.

The fatality rate of rabies is almost 100%, and the effective preventive measure is vaccination, even if there is no bleeding.

7. Don’t repeat medication

Take cold medicine as an example. Most cold medicines contain acetaminophen, a chemical component for relieving fever and pain. If multiple cold medicines are taken at the same time, or Chinese and western medicines are mixed, the total dose will be unconsciously exceeded, resulting in liver damage.

8. Physical examination is very important

The earlier diagnosis and treatment are started, the better the effect will be.

9. Snoring is actually a disease

In severe cases, it will cause apnea, and even some people will die in their sleep.

10. You don’t have to take medicine for a cold, but be careful of complications.

You don’t have to take medicine for a cold, but if you don’t get better after more than 7 days, you should seek the help of a doctor in time.

11. Diarrhea does not require fasting.

The traditional treatment of diarrhea advocates that children should be fasted for a period of time. In fact, this is not conducive to the nutritional supplement of the body.

12. Don’t put anything powdery on the wound.

Whether it is a cut or a burn, the powder applied to the wound surface after injury will cause serious scar hyperplasia.

13. Antibiotics must be used in sufficient quantities and in sufficient time as prescribed by the doctor.

The emergence of bacterial drug resistance is because bacteria can not be completely killed by antibiotics, and the remaining part with strong drug resistance becomes the dominant flora.

14. It’s no use looking up with a nosebleed.

Looking up will cause blood to be swallowed, resulting in discomfort or vomiting. When the amount of bleeding is large, it is easy to inhale into the trachea and lungs.

15. Don’t trust any method that can cure serious skin diseases quickly.

For psoriasis, vitiligo and other diseases, the main cause is abnormal autoimmune. Almost all the so-called folk remedies use heavy metal poisons. Such methods can really relieve symptoms, but the kidneys and liver will also be affected.

16. beriberi is a systemic disease.

As long as there is a visible infection focus on the feet, fungi will generally be distributed all over the body, and oral antifungal drugs are needed to cure the disease.

Second, the misunderstanding article

17. Gastric ulcer has little to do with what you eat.

The main cause of gastric ulcer is the interference of Helicobacter pylori, and the main transmission channel is sharing meals, which can be cured by antibiotics.

18. The lump on the body is more dangerous than the pain.

When you find a lump of unknown origin, which is painless and has poor activity, the possibility of malignancy will be greatly enhanced.

Natural vitamins are no better than synthetic vitamins.

There is no difference between natural vitamins and synthetic vitamins in their functions. On the contrary, natural vitamins are more likely to introduce pollution and mix impure substances in the process of production and extraction.

20. Pulling out one gray hair won’t grow ten.

Deciding whether the hair grows black or white depends on the secretion of melanin in the body, and has nothing to do with pulling out the hair.

21. grinding your teeth at night doesn’t mean using insect repellent.

There are many reasons for molars, such as mental stress, occlusal interference and even some systemic diseases.

22. Cactus can’t prevent radiation.

Cactus can resist the damage of sunlight and ultraviolet rays, but what is produced in sunlight is a kind of "radiant energy", which is different from the radiant rays produced by computer screens or other electrical appliances.

23. There is no such thing as "lodging"

The rectum is usually empty and does not accumulate stool.

24. steaming vinegar in the room can’t sterilize.

Steamed vinegar in the room has a certain bactericidal effect, but it requires a higher concentration than vinegar.

25. Drinking bone soup can’t supplement calcium

Although bone soup has high nutritional value, its calcium content is not high, which has little practical significance for calcium supplementation.

26. Although there is bisphenol A in the supermarket receipt, it will not cause cancer if you touch it too much.

Bisphenol A is a compound with low toxicity, and it will only do substantial harm to human body if it is exposed to a large amount and for a long time.

27. Eating duck blood and pig blood can’t get rid of the dust in the lungs.

At present, there is no experimental and clinical proof that small molecules of food can remove dust from the lungs.

28. A lot of attention to confinement is unnecessary.

In the past, confinement paid attention to not brushing your teeth, washing your hair, taking a bath, blowing your hair, going out, and making up for it. Now it seems unreasonable.

29. It is better to eat eggs than to supplement collagen.

High molecular collagen can’t be absorbed through the skin. Protein, who can really supplement, eats an egg.

30. Radiation protection suits for pregnant women have limited effect.

Although the fabrics of radiation protection clothing products can really protect against radiation, these clothes have large openings and limited electromagnetic radiation resistance.

You don’t have to use detergent to wash dishes.

If the food is not greasy, the dish cloth can also be heated with water. Too much exposure to many chemical components in detergent will interfere with the normal metabolism of human body.

Third, diet articles

32. It’s better to beat vegetable juice than juice.

Two cups of fruit juice is equivalent to drinking 4-6 fruits of sugar. It is better to break a large number of vegetables and a small amount of fruits together and drink them together with dregs.

33. There are basically three kinds of "healthy snacks"

Fruit, nuts and yogurt.

34. Yogurt should be drunk 1-2 hours after meals.

If a meal is very full, drinking a cup of yogurt immediately after a meal can only increase the burden on the intestines.

35. Eat half a grapefruit before meals, fill your stomach and lose weight.

Grapefruit is rich in vitamin C and fiber, which makes it easy to feel full, but the calories are very low. In addition, it is rich in fruit acid, which can effectively stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa and affect the absorption of nutrients, thus inhibiting appetite.

36. Lotus root is a potato.

Lotus root is also a kind of potato, an aquatic rhizome food, which is the so-called staple food, and its carbohydrate content is even higher than that of yam.

37. As long as it is not heated at high temperature, the remaining oil can be used.

If the tomato box is fried, the pepper can be fried and seasoned with pepper oil; When making cakes, you can let go of the filtered residual oil; It can also be used to cook vegetables or soup. When cooking, put a spoonful of oil in boiling water to make the leaves bright.

38. It’s no use just drinking soup.

Even if it is stewed for a long time, the soup is only a very thin solution of fat and water-soluble amino acids, and the main nutrients are still in the meat.

39. Don’t give honey to children under one year old.

Infants have poor resistance. If you accidentally eat honey contaminated with botulinum, it will cause botulism in infants.

40. Eat less peanuts when eating out.

It is difficult to distinguish whether peanuts are moldy outside. Foods such as peanuts, corn, soybeans and nuts are moldy, and the aflatoxin produced may cause acute poisoning or even death. Long-term low dose will also increase the risk of cancer.

41. Go home for dinner if you can.

People who eat dinner at home 5-7 times a week have a 15% lower risk of diabetes than the control group who only eat dinner at home twice a week.

42. Don’t believe when you see food.

Zheng Ji, a professor of biochemistry at Nanjing University, once picked out seven pairs of "xiangke" foods that people often eat, and personally ate them with two colleagues for two days. As a result, nothing happened.

43. Don’t hold on when you are hungry at night.

Although it is advocated not to eat supper, if you feel hungry at night, you should eat something in time.

44. Eating egg yolk pie will lead to drunk driving.

Egg yolk pie contains edible alcohol. Tofu milk, Huoxiang Zhengqi water and mouthwash all contain alcohol, so drivers should use them with caution.

45. grapefruit can’t be eaten with antihypertensive drugs.

Grapefruit can increase the plasma concentration of felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine and other oral preparations to varying degrees, resulting in hypotension, but it has no effect on amlodipine.

46. The most effective way to relieve cough is to eat sugar.

When coughing, it contains a piece of hard candy, and the syrup that is swallowed continuously can form a protective layer in the throat to reduce throat irritation.

47. Don’t eat at roadside stalls.

There are many roadside stalls selling fast food around large hospitals, and the sanitary conditions are not guaranteed.

48. You should get something to eat when you get up late.

It’s 10 o’clock on the weekend, but you should eat something first. Your stomach has been waiting all night. Don’t wait to eat it with lunch.

49. Children’s food is purely business hype.

The so-called "children’s food" is actually just adding some fruit and vegetable juice, vitamins, probiotics, etc. to the adult version of food, reducing some salt and sugar, and the actual effect is not great.

50. Don’t drink coffee and strong tea when you are tired.

Otherwise, it will cause great damage to the cardiovascular system, and palpitation is one of the manifestations of this symptom.

51. It is very dangerous to make wine at home.

The most common risk factor is methanol, and the content of methanol cannot be controlled by self-brewing.

52. hangover medicine is just a gimmick.

The "anti-hangover drugs" sold in the market can only be said to be health care products with liver protection function. At present, there is no large-scale clinical study to prove that these ingredients can effectively relieve alcoholism.

53. The refrigerator is not a safe.

Even in the cold room, green leafy vegetables can only be stored for about 3 days, and other vegetables are best eaten within one week to avoid the decline in nutritional value.

Fourth, life articles

54. Don’t add essential oil to the humidifier.

Many humidifier manufacturers will also send you essential oils, but that is not good except for hurting your lungs.

55. Girls should not lose weight blindly.

Women’s normal metabolism needs a certain amount of fat. When the body fat rate is lower than 20%, irregular menstruation may occur, and any lower body fat rate may affect fertility.

56. There is only one way to lose weight.

It is to let the energy intake be lower than the consumption. The simple summary is to take your legs and keep your mouth shut.

57. Don’t use nail polish without it.

Some inferior nail polishes contain excessive lead, arsenic, mercury and other heavy metals, while others contain banned pigments and fluorescent agents. Long-term use of these inferior nail polishes will lead to chronic poisoning and even cancer.

58. Be careful when piercing your ears.

Ear piercing is also an operation. If you have a scar constitution, ear piercing is easy to become a keloid and you have to have it removed surgically. If disinfection is not done well, hepatitis B and hepatitis C may be contagious.

59. Take gastrointestinal medicine with you.

When traveling, catching cold or eating improperly, the food is not cleaned or contaminated, which is prone to infectious diarrhea.

60. The bedroom lights are dim.

The main function of the bedroom is to rest and sleep, so it should not be too bright, too fancy and too exciting, especially the overhead light.

61. Ventilation can remove formaldehyde best.

After three months of forced ventilation, the indoor formaldehyde concentration decreased by 75%.

62. Whitening toothpaste is not so magical.

People who often drink coffee, tea and smoke, whitening toothpaste can really play a certain role. However, due to the limitation of brushing time and the dilution of effective ingredients during brushing, it is impossible to brush for several times to get white.

63. Don’t drink the first glass of water from the tap in the morning.

Shanghai Quality Supervision Bureau found that more than 2/3 of the faucets had excessive heavy metal precipitation, so it was best not to enter the first cup.

64. Pollen patients reduce going out during the day.

The concentration of pollen and other dust in the air is the highest from 10: 00 am to 4: 00 pm. It is best for pollinosis patients to minimize outdoor activities during this time.

65. Don’t dye your hair if you can.

Since 1999, hematology departments of major hospitals in Shanghai have successively treated some blood patients with unexplained white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. According to the analysis and investigation of hospital cases, these patients are all color hair dyes, and they all have a history of dyeing hair for about two years. I really want to dye my hair, at most once every six months.

66. Biting your tongue may be a stroke.

It is normal to bite your tongue occasionally, not want to eat meat. Often bitten, the common problem may be a stroke, and the compression of the brain nerve forces the tongue to move flexibly.

67. Sitting on the sofa often is unhealthy.

Sofa texture is too soft, and the lumbar spine lacks sufficient support, which will lead to lumbar muscle strain, hyperosteogeny and even lumbar disc herniation over time.

68. Be diligent in going to the toilet.

Holding the urine for a long time will lead to the decline of its anti-infection ability, leading to urinary tract infections such as cystitis, which will seriously affect kidney function and increase the possibility of bladder cancer.

69. "Drip Guanyin" is poisonous.

Although it is a common domestic green potted plant. However, the white juice in the root and stem of dripping Guanyin is toxic, but the smell is non-toxic.

70. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is poisonous.

Raw Polygonum multiflorum Thunb has certain toxicity, and hospitals use prepared Polygonum multiflorum Thunb with less toxicity, but it is difficult to tell if you buy it yourself, so don’t take it yourself.

Source: Pharmaceutical Affairs Exchange

Original title: "Health science | 70 super practical health tips, worthy of everyone’s collection! 》

Read the original text

　　On November 11th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council announced 20 measures to further optimize the prevention and control work, which mentioned, "Accelerate the improvement of vaccination coverage, especially for the elderly."

　　On November 12th, Chang Jile, deputy director of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, stressed at the conference of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council that the elderly should take the initiative to vaccinate and strengthen immunization in time. Only by improving the vaccination rate of the elderly can we lay a good foundation for constantly optimizing and adjusting the epidemic policy according to the situation.

　　The Paper noted that in recent days, many parts of the country have actively adjusted epidemic prevention policies and issued a series of measures in response to Article 20. Among them, in terms of strengthening the immunization coverage rate of the elderly, many people issued a document calling for: the elderly should take the initiative to vaccinate in time and strengthen immunization. "It is very necessary and important for the elderly to vaccinate!"

　　Very urgent

　　On November 11th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism issued the Notice on Further Optimizing the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19 Epidemic, and doing the prevention and control work scientifically and accurately (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), and issued 20 measures to further optimize the prevention and control of the epidemic.

　　It mentioned, "Advance vaccination in Covid-19 in an orderly manner. Formulate a plan to accelerate vaccination and accelerate the increase of vaccination coverage, especially for the elderly. "

　　Data show that as of November 11th, China has received 3.44 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine, covering 1.34 billion people. Among them, 239 million elderly people over 60 years old were vaccinated, and 228 million elderly people over 60 years old were vaccinated in the whole process, covering 90.65% and 86.38% of the population over 60 years old respectively. 180 million people completed intensive immunization.

　　In China, the whole vaccination rate of the elderly over 80 years old is 65.7%, and the number of people over 80 years old who have been vaccinated with booster needles accounts for 40% of the total number of elderly over 80 years old.

　　"The total number of vaccinations in COVID-19 in China is among the best in the world, but the vaccination rate of the elderly over 80 years old is really not very high." Chang Jile said that according to the statistics of Omicron epidemic in the first half of this year, 96% of the people who died in this epidemic were over 60 years old and 71% were over 80 years old.

　　Chang Jile said that from the research situation at home and abroad in the past two years, the effect of vaccine in reducing severe illness and death is obvious, but from the perspective of the number of vaccines, the space is unbalanced, especially for the elderly over 80 years old. It is very necessary and urgent to improve the whole vaccination rate of the elderly and strengthen the needle.

　　Advance in many places

　　Recently, many places across the country have actively adjusted epidemic prevention policies according to the "Twenty Measures" to promote the elderly population to strengthen immunization coverage.

　　On November 14th, Wuhan CDC appealed that there are more than two million elderly people aged 60 and over in this city, with a large population base. There are still some elderly people who have not been vaccinated or have not been vaccinated in the whole process for various reasons, so it is also a "short board" to build and consolidate the national immunity barrier.

　　Yang Xiaobing, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Prevention of Wuhan CDC, said that caring for the health of the elderly is the responsibility of the whole society! Only by improving the vaccination rate of the elderly, will our immune barrier be consolidated and truly win the initiative and time for the city’s epidemic prevention and control!

　　In addition, Qinghai, Dalian and other places have issued relevant notices on promoting the work.

　　On November 12th, the Office of the Command for Prevention and Treatment of Pneumonia Infected in novel coronavirus, Haibei Prefecture, Qinghai Province issued the Notice on Resolutely Implementing the Twenty Measures for Optimizing and Adjusting the Prevention and Control Mechanism of Joint Prevention and Control in the State Council, saying that the vaccination in Covid-19 should be promoted in an orderly manner to ensure that the coverage rate of enhanced immunization among the elderly reached over 91.2% before the end of the year.

　　According to the notice, all member units of county headquarters and state headquarters should adhere to the bottom line thinking, highlight the problem orientation, grasp the key links, and do a good job of orderly work in the implementation of optimization and adjustment measures to ensure that the epidemic risk is generally controllable. Among them, regarding the "orderly promotion of vaccination in Covid-19", the notice clearly requires: 1. Continue to accelerate the vaccination work in COVID-19, accelerate the improvement of vaccination coverage rate, especially for the elderly, and ensure that the vaccination coverage rate of the elderly will reach over 91.2% before the end of the year; 2. According to the work arrangement of the national and provincial headquarters, the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine was promoted in an orderly manner.

　　The Notice of Dalian Municipality on Further Optimizing COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Measures and Doing a Good Job in Prevention and Control issued by the General Command of COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control in Dalian, Liaoning Province requires that all measures for optimizing epidemic prevention and control should be fully implemented from November 11th in accordance with the requirements of the Notice on Further Optimizing COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Measures and Doing a Good Job in Prevention and Control.

　　Among them, regarding "vigorously promoting vaccination in Covid-19", the circular pointed out that "the effect of Covid-19 vaccine on reducing severe illness and death is obvious, and citizens who have not completed the intensive vaccination, especially those over 60 years old, people with high risk of infection and people with low immunity, should complete the intensive vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine as soon as possible to obtain the best protection effect. Street communities in various regions should have a clear base of the elderly and people with basic diseases in their respective areas, establish ledgers, do a good job in publicity and policy interpretation, and guide eligible elderly and people with basic diseases ‘ All kinds should be planted ’ 。”

　　very important

　　The State Council joint prevention and control mechanism conference has repeatedly stressed that we should accelerate the vaccination of the elderly.

　　Why is it so important for the elderly to be vaccinated? In this regard, Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that the elderly, especially those with basic diseases, are prone to serious illness and death after being infected with COVID-19, which has been proved by domestic and foreign data. The resistance of the elderly generally declines, and having basic diseases is more likely to lead to the deterioration of the condition and increase the severity and death.

　　"Therefore, six types of high-risk people have been identified in the diagnosis and treatment plan of COVID-19 in China, and we should pay attention to these high-risk people who are seriously ill or even die after COVID-19 infection." Wang Guiqiang said.

　　So, how can the elderly effectively prevent infection, severe illness and death? Wang Guiqiang introduced that, firstly, from the aspect of infection prevention, wearing masks, hand hygiene and social distance are effective preventive measures, which are also applicable to the elderly. Secondly, vaccination is an effective means to prevent serious illness and death. It has been clearly confirmed at home and abroad that vaccination can effectively reduce the risk of serious illness and death of the elderly and basic patients.

　　Wang Guiqiang appealed that "the elderly, especially those over the age of 80 who have basic diseases, must be actively vaccinated to avoid the risk of serious illness and death after infection."

　　Chang Jile also reminded the elderly at the press conference, "Our country has good experience, good organization and good vaccination services, whether it is the vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine or other vaccines in the future, so when the elderly are vaccinated, don’t have too many other concerns, but when you are vaccinated, you should talk to the vaccination doctor and make your overall situation clear."

　　Beijing, Beijing, May 6 (Xie Yiguan) On the 6 th, the three major stock indexes of A shares gapped lower and continued to fall in intraday trading. Individual stocks generally fell, and the industry sector was exhausted. The three major stock indexes all fell below the 60-day moving average, the Shanghai Composite Index fell below 3,000 points, and the risk was 2,900 points. More than 1,000 stocks in the two cities fell.

　　At the close, the Shanghai Composite Index dropped 171.88 points, or 5.58%, to close at 2906.46 points. The Shenzhen Component Index fell more than 700 points, down 7.56%, and then lost 9000 points after falling below the 10,000-point mark, closing at 8943.52 points. The Growth Enterprise Market Index fell 7.94%, falling below the 1600 and 1500 mark and closing at 1494.89. The turnover of the two cities in the whole day was 657.912 billion yuan, which was significantly enlarged compared with previous trading days.

　　Today, the A-share sector all fell green. Brokers in the industry sector almost fell, while telecom operations, IT equipment and software services were among the top losers, falling more than 8%. The banking sector with the smallest decline also fell more than 2%. In the concept sector, domestic software, 5G concepts and chip concepts fell by over 9%.

　　On the disk, the stocks in the two cities are generally down, with only 109 stocks closing up, 3,467 stocks falling and 1,147 stocks falling. Among the limit stocks, the GEM has become a concentrated place, with over 300 GEM stocks falling. It is worth noting that there are more than 100 5G concept stocks among the stocks that have fallen below the limit.

　　Not only A shares, but also Hong Kong stocks were under pressure on the 6th. As of press time, the Hang Seng Index fell more than 3% to 29,062.57 points. The index of state-owned enterprises also fell more than 3% to 11161.9 points; The red chip index fell more than 2.9% to 4,483.47 points.

　　On the 6th, the central parity of RMB against the US dollar was lowered by 58 basis points to 6.7344, the lowest since February 20th. In the morning, the offshore RMB fell sharply against the US dollar, falling below the 6.80 mark and once rushing to 6.8211.

　　On the same day, the Central Bank of China announced that a lower deposit reserve ratio will be implemented for small and medium-sized banks from May 15, and about 1,000 county-level rural commercial banks can enjoy this preferential policy, releasing about 280 billion yuan of long-term funds.

　　It is worth noting that on the 6th, A-shares went northward with a net outflow of 5.188 billion yuan, including 3.072 billion yuan from Shanghai Stock Connect and 2.116 billion yuan from Shenzhen Stock Connect. In the past April, the net outflow of northbound funds was 17.997 billion yuan, the second highest in a single month in history.

　　However, MSCI’s first increase in the proportion of A shares from 5% to 10% will take effect at the end of May. CICC estimates that the proportion of passive funds may be around 20%, and about 20-30 billion yuan will enter the market around the end of May.

　　According to a recent report of CICC, the short-term pressure of A-shares has been released after previous adjustment, and the overall valuation is not high. Therefore, the future outlook of A-shares should not be overly pessimistic, and structural opportunities may still be positive, focusing on the general trend of consumption upgrading and industrial upgrading.

　　On April 30th, the National Bureau of Statistics and China Mining Association released data. In April, the purchasing managers’ index (PMI) of manufacturing industry was 50.1%, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, and remained in the expansion range. Guangfa Hang Seng believes that the structural contradiction of China’s economy still exists, and the economy is in transition to recovery, and the market will still repeatedly play games around theme stocks.

　　Some securities analysts believe that compared with before and after the Spring Festival, the market’s expectation of economic and policy trends is more uncertain. However, many institutions believe that although the unilateral rise in the first stage has passed, the safer configuration window in the market outlook needs to wait further, and the market is expected to enter the second stage.

　　Haitong Securities Strategy Team issued a document saying that this wave of adjustment since 3288 points of the Shanghai Composite Index belongs to the retreat after the first-stage valuation of the bull market has been repaired and increased. In the short term, the phased adjustment has not yet ended, and it is necessary to wait for the fundamental relay when the future rest ends and enters the second wave of the bull market.

　　Founder Securities pointed out that the next four weeks will still be an important observation window. In the first week after the May Day holiday, if the Zhouyang line can be closed, it will help to resolve the risk of further decline, which deserves special attention. (End)

On November 11th, Jin Sha sent a long article in response to the recent controversy about her feelings by the audience, hoping that everyone could be friendly to Sun Chengxiao, the boyfriend of social terror: "Why do you want to do something that you know is controversial? Because I want to feel alive, I don’t want to be the kind of person whose dream is dead although people are still alive. My life writer is myself, and I want to get my pen back … Of course, if there are people who don’t like our couple in the program, you can speak freely, because this is also your freedom, right? I just want to be a little friendly to the social fear, not to say that people who learn to perform can’t be afraid of it and give it back.

It is reported that Kym recently brought her boyfriend Sun Chengxiao, who is 19 years younger, to participate in the program. After the program was broadcast, some netizens questioned that Sun Chengxiao pretended to be naive and won Kym’s favor, not because he had feelings for Kym. Later, Sun Chengxiao responded to the question of pretending to be naive, saying that he was nervous when facing his predecessors and cameras, and his love for Kym was true. On November 8, Kym took a photo of her boyfriend’s program, and responded to the recent controversy about their relationship for the first time: "Do I have a face that is easily injured, in case I am a little fox?"

Kym’s full text is as follows:

A diary written after reading a lot of comments about Xiao Xiao.

Why do you do something that you know is controversial?

Because I want to feel alive.

I don’t want to be the kind of person whose dream is dead although he is still alive.

My life writer is myself.

I want my pen back.

I want to run like a madman

I want to lie on the lawn freely.

I want to walk hand in hand with my lover in the sun.

Wake up occasionally in the mountains

Occasionally wake up in a sleeping bag in a tent.

I want to be freer than birds.

I used to have many friends and liked a few people.

There is really a feeling of walking barefoot in the blade sea.

There are also people who have their hearts ripped out.

I picked up the seams piece by piece and mended them.

It’s finally working again

I could have been an indifferent person.

But I find it boring.

God didn’t give me these lessons to make me stupid.

Is to teach me to be stronger and wiser in dealing with crises.

So people say that people in their forties in Kym are still so naive.

In fact, I chose innocence from the world.

It would be really cool if I were an innocent and sweet grandmother with bright eyes in my later years.

In fact, family, friends, lovers and precious pets.

Everyone is a phased companion, and it can only be seen in dreams.

I just want to seriously look at the present.

Don’t want to miss the beautiful sunset

Don’t want to miss the wet wind

Of course, if anyone doesn’t like our couple on the show,

You can say whatever you want.

Because this is your freedom, right?

I just hope to be a little friendly to the social fear.

It doesn’t mean that people who study acting can’t be afraid of society.

Give a little more time to get acquainted with everyone.

It’s different. It may surprise you then.

Bad words hurt people in June.

I also know that many people don’t bless because they are worried about me.

Thank you for worrying.

I am the heroine of my life script.

Whether it’s a friend or a lover

If it’s not good for me, I’ll write to the TAs overnight.

Although many people have said recently that they want to have a career instead of love.

But I wish you all the best, and you will feel a sense of courage when you encounter something inexplicable in your heart.

Someone who dares to love

After talking, good night.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 21st　

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization

(Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on July 18, 2024)

　　In order to implement the strategic plan made by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee studied the issue of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization, and made the following decisions.

　　First, the significance and overall requirements of further deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization in an all-round way

　　(1) The importance and necessity of further deepening the reform. Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the cause of the party and the people to catch up with the times in great strides. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was epoch-making, which opened a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is also epoch-making, which has opened a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform, systematically designing and promoting reform in the new era, and created a new situation of China’s reform and opening up.

　　With great historical initiative, great political courage and strong responsibility, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core unites and leads the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China to break through the shackles of ideological concepts, break through the barriers of solidification of interests, dare to break into deep water areas, dare to bite hard bones, dare to venture into dangerous beaches, resolutely get rid of the shortcomings of various institutional mechanisms, realize the transformation of reform from local exploration and ice-breaking breakthrough to system integration and comprehensive deepening, and basically establish the basic institutional framework in various fields. Historic changes, systematic remodeling and overall reconstruction have been achieved in many fields, and the reform tasks set by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been completed as a whole, and the goal of more mature and stereotyped systems in all aspects has been achieved by the centenary of the founding of the Party, providing a strong institutional guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Party’s first century-long struggle goal, and pushing China onto a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way.

　　At present and in the future, it is a crucial period to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization. Chinese-style modernization is constantly advancing in the reform and opening up, and it will certainly open up broad prospects in the reform and opening up. Facing the complicated international and domestic situation, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the new expectations of the people, we must continue to push forward the reform. This is an inevitable requirement to uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, implement the new development concept, better adapt to the changes of major contradictions in our society, adhere to the people-centered principle, and make the achievements of modernization more fair and benefit all the people. It is also an inevitable requirement to meet major risk challenges and promote the stability and far-reaching cause of the party and the state. It is an inevitable requirement to promote the building of a community of human destiny and win the strategic initiative in the accelerated evolution of a hundred years of change. It is also an inevitable requirement to further promote the new great project of party building in the new era and build a more powerful Marxist political party. Reform and opening up is only carried out when it is not completed. The whole party must consciously put reform in a more prominent position and further deepen reform in an all-round way around promoting Chinese modernization.

　　(2) Further comprehensively deepen the guiding ideology of reform. Adhere to Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, thoroughly study and implement a series of new ideas, new ideas and new conclusions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on comprehensively deepening reform, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, adhere to the general tone of steady progress, and persist in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and being pragmatic. Further emancipate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, coordinate the domestic and international overall situation, promote the overall layout of "five in one", coordinate and promote the strategic layout of "four comprehensive", take the economic system reform as the traction, take the promotion of social fairness and justice and the improvement of people’s well-being as the starting point and the foothold, pay more attention to system integration, highlight key points, pay more attention to the actual effect of reform, and promote production relations and productivity, superstructure and economic foundation, and national governance and foothold.

　　(3) Further comprehensively deepen the overall goal of reform. We will continue to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. By 2035, a high-level socialist market economy system will be fully established, Socialism with Chinese characteristics system will be more perfect, the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically modernized, and socialist modernization will be basically realized, laying a solid foundation for building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way by the middle of this century.

　　— — Focus on building a high-level socialist market economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, promote high-level opening up, build a modern economic system, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development.

　　— — Focus on the development of people’s democracy in the whole process, adhere to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, and promote the improvement of the system of people being the masters of the country, the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of deliberative democracy, the improvement of the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the construction of a socialist country ruled by law to a higher level.

　　— — Focus on building a socialist cultural power, adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological field, improve the system and mechanism for the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promote cultural prosperity, enrich people’s spiritual and cultural life, and enhance the country’s cultural soft power and Chinese cultural influence.

　　— — Focus on improving people’s quality of life, improving the income distribution and employment system, improving the social security system, enhancing the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promoting the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people to achieve more obvious substantive progress.

　　— — Focus on building a beautiful China, accelerate the overall green transformation of economic and social development, improve the ecological environment governance system, promote ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon development, and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　— — Focus on building a higher level of safe China, improve the national security system, strengthen the integrated national strategic system, enhance the ability to maintain national security, innovate social governance systems and means, and effectively build a new security pattern.

　　— — Focus on improving the party’s leadership level and long-term ruling ability, innovate and improve the leadership style and ruling style, deepen the reform of the party building system, and improve the comprehensive and strict management of the party system.

　　By the eightieth anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2029, the reform tasks set forth in this decision will be completed.

　　(4) Further comprehensively deepen the principle of reform. Summarize and apply the valuable experience of comprehensively deepening the reform since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, and implement the following principles: adhere to the overall leadership of the Party, firmly safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership, give play to the core role of the Party in taking the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and put the leadership of the Party throughout the whole process of reform in all aspects to ensure that the reform always advances in the correct political direction; Adhere to the people as the center, respect the people’s dominant position and initiative, the people have a call, and the reform should be done accordingly, so that the reform is for the people, the reform depends on the people, and the reform results are shared by the people; Adhere to innovation, adhere to Socialism with Chinese characteristics unswervingly, keep up with the pace of the times, conform to practical development, highlight problem orientation, and promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation at a new starting point; Adhere to the system construction as the main line, strengthen the top-level design and overall planning, break the system at the same time, build a fundamental system, improve the basic system, and innovate important systems; Adhere to the rule of law in an all-round way, deepen reform on the track of the rule of law, promote Chinese modernization, achieve the unity of reform and the rule of law, make major reforms well-founded in law, and promptly upgrade the reform results into a legal system; Adhere to the concept of system, handle the major relations between economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, development and security, and enhance the systematicness, integrity and synergy of reform.

　　Second, build a high-level socialist market economic system

　　A high-level socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must give full play to the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, optimize the efficiency and maximize the benefits of resource allocation, both "live" and "manage", better maintain market order, make up for market failures, smooth the national economic cycle, and stimulate the endogenous motivation and innovation vitality of the whole society.

　　(5) Adhere to and implement the "Two Unswervings". Unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, ensure that all sectors of the economy use production factors equally according to law, participate in market competition fairly, and be equally protected by law, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of all sectors of the economy.

　　Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, improve the management and supervision system and mechanism, enhance the strategic coordination of relevant management departments, promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, promote the state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger and better, enhance their core functions and enhance their core competitiveness. Further clarify the functional orientation of different types of state-owned enterprises, improve the management of the main business, and clarify the key investment fields and directions of state-owned capital. Promote the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency response capabilities and public welfare areas related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries. Improve the institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to promote original innovation. Deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operating companies. Establish an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises to fulfill their strategic missions, improve the classified evaluation system for state-owned enterprises, and carry out accounting for the added value of the state-owned economy. We will promote the independent operation of natural monopoly links and the market-oriented reform of competitive links in industries such as energy, railways, telecommunications, water conservancy and public utilities, and improve the regulatory system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the principles and policies of creating a good environment and providing more opportunities for the development of the non-public economy. Formulate the private economy promotion law. We will thoroughly break down barriers to market access, promote the fair opening of infrastructure competition to business entities, and improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major national projects. Support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technical research tasks and further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private enterprises. Improve the financing support policy system of private enterprises and solve the problems of financing difficulty and expensive financing. We will improve the long-term supervision of enterprise-related charges and the legal and regulatory system for paying off arrears of enterprise accounts. Accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the credit status of private enterprises and improve the credit enhancement system for private small and medium-sized enterprises. Support and guide private enterprises to improve their governance structure and management system, and strengthen enterprise compliance construction and integrity risk prevention and control. Strengthen supervision after the event and standardize the administrative inspection of private enterprises.

　　We will improve the modern enterprise system with China characteristics, promote entrepreneurship, support and guide all kinds of enterprises to improve the utilization efficiency of resource elements and management level, fulfill their social responsibilities, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises.

　　(6) Building a unified national market. Promote the unification of market basic system rules, fair and unified market supervision and high-standard connectivity of market facilities. Strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, and clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the unified market and fair competition in the country. Standardize local laws and regulations on attracting investment, and prohibit giving preferential policies in violation of laws and regulations. Establish and improve a unified, standardized and information-sharing public resource trading platform system such as bidding and procurement by the government, institutions and state-owned enterprises, so as to realize the open management of the whole process of the project. Improve the comprehensive supervision ability and level of the market. Improve the national standard system and deepen the reform of local standard management system.

　　Improve the system and rules of factor market, promote the smooth flow of production factors, efficient allocation of various resources and full release of market potential. Construct a unified urban and rural construction land market. Improve the basic system to promote the standardized development of the capital market. Cultivate a national integrated technology and data market. We will improve the factor price mechanism, which is mainly determined by market supply and demand, and prevent the government from improperly interfering in price formation. We will improve the mechanism in which factors of production such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management and data are evaluated by the market and their remuneration is determined according to their contributions. We will promote price reform in the fields of water, energy and transportation, optimize the residential ladder water price, electricity price and gas price system, and improve the pricing mechanism of refined oil products.

　　Improve the circulation system, accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, improve the integrated circulation rules and standards, and reduce the logistics cost of the whole society. Deepen the reform of energy management system, build a unified national electricity market, and optimize the operation and dispatching mechanism of oil and gas pipeline network.

　　Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of basic, public welfare and long-term major projects, improve the system and mechanism for government investment to effectively promote social investment, deepen the reform of investment approval system, improve the mechanism for stimulating the vitality of social capital investment and promoting investment landing, and form a market-led endogenous growth mechanism for effective investment. Improve the long-term mechanism of expanding consumption, reduce restrictive measures, reasonably increase public consumption, and actively promote the initial economy.

　　(7) Improve the basic system of market economy. We will improve the property rights system, protect the economic property rights of all forms of ownership equally and for a long time according to law, and establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system. Improve the market information disclosure system and build a trade secret protection system. We will implement the same responsibility, the same crime and the same punishment for violations of economic property rights and legitimate interests of all forms of ownership, and improve the punitive damages system. Strengthen the judicial protection of property law enforcement, prevent and correct the use of administrative and criminal means to intervene in economic disputes, and improve the mechanism for identifying and correcting cases involving enterprises in accordance with the law.

　　Improve the market access system and optimize the market access environment for new formats and new fields. Deepen the reform of the registration system for subscription of registered capital, and implement subscription on schedule according to law. Improve the enterprise bankruptcy mechanism, explore the establishment of personal bankruptcy system, promote the reform of enterprise cancellation, and improve the enterprise withdrawal system. Improve the social credit system and supervision system.

　　Third, improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development.

　　High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. We must lead the reform with the new development concept, base ourselves on the new development stage, deepen the supply-side structural reform, improve the incentive and restraint mechanism to promote high-quality development, and shape new development momentum and new advantages.

　　(8) improve the system and mechanism of developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions. Promote revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading, promote the optimal combination and upgrading of workers, labor materials and labor objects, give birth to new industries, new models and new kinetic energy, and develop productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency and high quality. Strengthen the innovation of key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies and subversive technologies, strengthen the supply of new track systems in new fields, establish the growth mechanism of future industrial investment, improve and promote the development policies and governance systems of new generation strategic industries such as information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Leading the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries by upgrading national standards, and supporting enterprises to transform and upgrade traditional industries with digital intelligence technology and green technology. Strengthen environmental protection, safety and other institutional constraints.

　　Improve relevant rules and policies, accelerate the formation of production relations that are more suitable for new quality productivity, promote the concentration of various advanced production factors to develop new quality productivity, and greatly improve total factor productivity. Encourage and standardize the development of angel investment, venture capital and private equity investment, give full play to the role of government investment funds and develop patient capital.

　　(9) improve the system to promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Accelerate new industrialization, cultivate and expand advanced manufacturing clusters, and promote the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing. We will build a number of industrial common technology platforms, accelerate the transformation of industrial models and enterprise organizational forms, and improve the system and mechanism to enhance the leading position of advantageous industries. Optimize the operation and supervision mechanism of major industrial funds to ensure that the capital investment meets the national strategic requirements. Establish an investment mechanism to maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing industry, and reasonably reduce the comprehensive cost and tax burden of manufacturing industry.

　　Accelerate the construction of institutional mechanisms to promote the development of digital economy, and improve the policy system to promote digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Accelerate the popularization and application of the new generation of information technology in all directions and all chains, develop the industrial Internet, and build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. Promote the innovative development of the platform economy and improve the normalized supervision system of the platform economy. Construction and operation of national data infrastructure to promote data sharing. Accelerate the establishment of data property ownership identification, market transactions, rights distribution and interest protection systems, improve data security governance and supervision capabilities, and establish an efficient, convenient and secure data cross-border flow mechanism.

　　(10) Improve the system and mechanism for developing the service industry. Improve the policy system to support the development of the service industry, optimize the accounting of the service industry, and promote the standardization of the service industry. Focus on key links and promote the high-quality development of producer services in different fields, develop industrial internet platforms, break down administrative barriers to cross-regional operations, and promote the integrated development of producer services. Improve the mechanism to accelerate the diversified development of life service industry. Improve the laws and regulations system of intermediary service institutions, and promote intermediary service institutions to be honest and trustworthy and perform their duties according to law.

　　(11) Improve the system and mechanism of modern infrastructure construction. Build a new infrastructure planning and standard system, improve the integration and utilization mechanism of new infrastructure, promote the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, broaden diversified investment and financing channels, and improve the coordination mechanism for major infrastructure construction. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, promote the reform of the railway system, develop general aviation and low-altitude economy, and promote the optimization of toll road policies. Improve the underwriting capacity and global service level of shipping insurance, and promote the innovation of maritime arbitration system rules. Improve the construction, operation and management mechanism of major water conservancy projects.

　　(12) Improve the system of improving the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Pay close attention to building an independent and controllable industrial chain supply chain, improve and strengthen the development system and mechanism of key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, medical equipment, instruments and meters, basic software, industrial software and advanced materials, and promote technological research and application of achievements throughout the chain. Establish the safety risk assessment and response mechanism of industrial chain supply chain. We will improve the cooperative mechanism of industrial gradient and orderly transfer in China, and promote the benefit sharing between the transferring place and the receiving place. Construction of national strategic hinterland and backup of key industries. Accelerate the improvement of the national reserve system. Improve the overall planning and connection system of strategic mineral resources exploration, production, supply, storage and marketing.

　　Fourth, build an institutional mechanism to support comprehensive innovation

　　Education, science and technology and talents are the basic and strategic supports of Chinese modernization. We must thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and innovation-driven development, promote the reform of the system and mechanism of educational science and technology talents as a whole, improve the new national system, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.

　　(13) Deepen the comprehensive reform of education. Accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system and make overall plans to promote the reform of educational methods, school-running models, management systems and guarantee mechanisms. Improve the mechanism of moral education, promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political courses in universities, primary and secondary schools, improve the comprehensive training system of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, enhance teachers’ ability to teach and educate people, improve the long-term mechanism of building teachers’ morality and style, and deepen the reform of education evaluation. Optimize the layout of higher education and accelerate the construction of world-class universities and advantageous disciplines with China characteristics. Promote the reform of colleges and universities by classification, establish a discipline setting adjustment mechanism and talent training mode driven by the development of science and technology and the strategic needs of the country, lay out disciplines and specialties urgently needed, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines, and cultivate top-notch talents, and strive to strengthen the cultivation of innovation ability. Improve the mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities and improve the efficiency of transformation of achievements. Strengthen the cooperation between science and technology education and humanities education. Accelerate the construction of a vocational education system that integrates vocational education with general education and integration of production and education. Improve the practice system of students’ internship. Guide and standardize the development of private education. Promote the opening up of high-level education and encourage foreign high-level science and engineering universities to cooperate in running schools in China.

　　Optimize the allocation of regional educational resources and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with population changes. We will improve the mechanism for promoting the quality and balance of compulsory education and explore ways to gradually expand the scope of free education. Improve the guarantee mechanism for preschool education, special education and special education. Promote the digitalization of education, empower the construction of a learning society, and strengthen the guarantee of lifelong education.

　　(14) Deepen the reform of the science and technology system. Adhere to the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, optimize the organizational mechanism of major scientific and technological innovations, make overall plans to strengthen key core technology research, and promote the systematization, institutionalization and synergy of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent team. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological strength, improve the national laboratory system, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities and leading scientific and technological enterprises, promote the coordination between the central and local areas of scientific and technological innovation, coordinate the construction of various science and technology innovation platforms, encourage and standardize the development of new R&D institutions, give play to the leading role of China’s ultra-large-scale market, strengthen the overall planning and strength organization of innovation resources, and promote the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. We will build a monitoring, early warning and response system for scientific and technological security risks, and strengthen the independent guarantee of scientific and technological basic conditions. Improve the management system of scientific and technological associations. Expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, encourage the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and optimize the management mechanism of foreign professional exchanges and cooperation among universities, research institutes and scientific and technological associations.

　　Improve the management of science and technology plans and strengthen the forward-looking and leading layout of basic research fields, cross-frontier fields and key fields. Strengthen organized basic research, increase the proportion of scientific and technological expenditure for basic research, improve the basic research investment mechanism combining competitive support with stable support, encourage qualified localities, enterprises, social organizations and individuals to support basic research, support the diversification of basic research topics, and encourage high-risk and high-value basic research. Deepen the reform of the evaluation system of science and technology, strengthen the ethical governance of science and technology, and severely punish academic misconduct.

　　Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establish a mechanism to cultivate and expand leading enterprises in science and technology, strengthen the deep integration of Industry-University-Research led by enterprises, establish an enterprise R&D reserve system, and support enterprises to take the lead or participate in national scientific and technological research tasks. Construct a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises to increase R&D investment and increase the proportion of R&D expenses plus deduction. Encourage and guide universities and research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises in the way of first use and then payment.

　　We will improve the allocation, management and use mechanism of science and technology funds of the central government, and improve the implementation of science and technology plans of the central government and the management system of professional institutions. Expand the scope of the "contract responsibility system" for financial research projects, and give scientists greater power to decide the technical route, control the funds and dispatch resources. Establish a non-consensus project screening mechanism for expert real-name recommendation. Allow scientific research institutions to implement a more flexible management system than ordinary institutions, and explore the implementation of enterprise management.

　　Deepen the reform of the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the construction of the national technology transfer system, speed up the layout and construction of a number of concept verification and pilot verification platforms, improve the application policies of the first set, the first batch and the first edition, and increase the government’s procurement of independent innovation products. Strengthen the construction of technical managers.

　　Allow scientific and technological personnel to have greater autonomy in the distribution of income from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish a separate management system for the assets of post scientific and technological achievements, and deepen the reform of empowerment of post scientific and technological achievements. Deepen the reform of income distribution in universities and research institutes. Allow more qualified state-owned enterprises to take innovation and creation as the guide and carry out various forms of medium-and long-term incentives among scientific researchers.

　　We will build a technology and finance system suitable for scientific and technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national scientific and technological tasks and small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, and improve the support policies for long-term capital investment in early, small, long-term and hard science and technology. We will improve the risk dispersion mechanism for tackling key technical problems and establish a policy system for science and technology insurance. Improve the convenience of foreign investment in equity investment and venture capital in China.

　　(15) Deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of talent development. We will implement a more active, open and effective talent policy, improve the self-cultivation mechanism of talents, and accelerate the construction of a national high-level talent highland and a platform for attracting talents. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talents, focus on cultivating strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams, focus on cultivating outstanding engineers, great craftsmen and highly skilled talents, and improve the quality of all kinds of talents. Build a first-class team of industrial and technical workers. Improve the orderly flow mechanism of talents, promote the rational distribution of talent regions, and deepen the cooperation of talents in the eastern, central and western regions. We will improve the mechanism for the discovery, selection and training of young innovative talents and better ensure the treatment of young scientific and technological personnel. Improve the system to ensure that researchers concentrate on scientific research.

　　Strengthen the talent incentive mechanism, insist on authorizing the employer and loosening the talents. Establish a talent evaluation system oriented to innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution. Open channels for talent exchange in universities, research institutes and enterprises. We will improve the support and guarantee mechanism for overseas talent introduction and form an internationally competitive talent system. Explore the establishment of a high-tech talent immigration system.

　　V. Improve the macroeconomic governance system

　　Scientific macro-control and effective government governance are the inherent requirements for giving full play to the advantages of the socialist market economic system. We must improve the macro-control system, promote the reform of key areas such as finance, taxation and finance as a whole, and enhance the consistency of macro-policy orientation.

　　(16) Improve the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanism. Build a national strategy formulation and implementation mechanism, strengthen the deep integration of major national strategies, and enhance the macro-guidance and overall coordination functions of national strategies. Improve the national economic and social development planning system, strengthen the implementation mechanism of planning convergence, give play to the strategic guiding role of national development planning, strengthen the basic role of land and space planning, and enhance the supporting role of special planning and regional planning implementation. Improve the system of experts participating in public decision-making.

　　Focusing on the implementation of national development plans and major strategies, we will promote the coordinated efforts of fiscal, monetary, industrial, price and employment policies, and optimize the allocation of various incremental resources and the adjustment of stock structure. Explore the implementation of national macro balance sheet management. Incorporate both economic policies and non-economic policies into the consistency evaluation of macro-policy orientation. Improve the expected management mechanism. We will improve the accounting system of statistical indicators supporting high-quality development and strengthen the coverage of the new economy and new fields. Strengthen the statistical infrastructure construction of industrial activity units, optimize the statistical methods of headquarters and branches, and gradually promote the statistics of the places where the activities of business entities occur. Improve the international macro-policy coordination mechanism.

　　(17) Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. Improve the budget system, strengthen the overall planning of financial resources and budget, and incorporate all the income obtained by relying on administrative power, government credit and state-owned resource assets into government budget management. We will improve the operating budget and performance evaluation system of state-owned capital, and strengthen the country’s major strategic tasks and basic financial security for people’s livelihood. Strengthen macro guidance on budgeting and fiscal policy. Strengthen the performance management of public services and strengthen the ex ante function evaluation. Deepen the reform of zero-based budget. Unify the right of budget distribution, improve the uniformity and standardization of budget management, and improve the budget disclosure and supervision system. Improve the accrual-based government comprehensive financial reporting system.

　　Improve the tax system that is conducive to high-quality development, social equity and market unity, and optimize the tax structure. Study the tax system adapted to the new format. We will fully implement the statutory principle of taxation, standardize preferential tax policies, and improve the support mechanism for key areas and key links. We will improve the direct tax system, improve the personal income tax system that combines comprehensiveness and classification, standardize the tax policies on business income, capital income and property income, and implement unified taxation on labor income. Deepen the reform of tax collection and management.

　　Establish a central and local financial relationship with clear rights and responsibilities, coordinated financial resources and regional balance. Increase local independent financial resources, expand local tax sources and appropriately expand local tax management authority. Improve the financial transfer payment system, clean up and standardize the special transfer payment, increase the general transfer payment, and improve the matching degree of the rights of financial colleagues in cities and counties. Establish a transfer payment incentive and restraint mechanism to promote high-quality development. We will promote the backward movement of consumption tax collection and steadily delimit local areas, improve the policy of value-added tax refund and deduction chain, and optimize the sharing ratio of shared tax. Study on combining urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge and local education surcharge into local surcharge, and authorize local authorities to determine the specific applicable tax rate within a certain range. Reasonably expand the scope of support for local government special bonds, and appropriately expand the fields, scale and proportion used as capital. Improve the government debt management system, establish a full-caliber local debt monitoring and supervision system and a long-term mechanism to prevent and resolve hidden debt risks, and accelerate the reform and transformation of local financing platforms. Standardize the management of non-tax revenue, appropriately reduce the management authority of some non-tax revenue, and differentiate management by local authorities in light of actual conditions.

　　Appropriately strengthen the central government’s power and increase the proportion of central financial expenditure. In principle, the central financial authority arranges expenditures through the central level, reducing the central financial authority entrusted to the local authorities. It is not allowed to ask the local authorities to arrange matching funds in violation of regulations. If it is really necessary to entrust the local authorities to exercise their powers, the funds will be arranged through special transfer payments.

　　(18) Deepening the reform of the financial system. Accelerate the improvement of the central bank system and smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Actively develop technology and finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance and digital finance, and strengthen quality financial services for major strategies, key areas and weak links. Improve the positioning and governance of financial institutions and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism for serving the real economy. Develop diversified equity financing, accelerate the development of multi-level bond market and increase the proportion of direct financing. Optimize the management system of state-owned financial capital.

　　Improve the capital market function of coordinating investment and financing, prevent risks and strengthen supervision, and promote the healthy and stable development of the capital market. Support long-term funds to enter the market. Improve the quality of listed companies and strengthen the supervision and delisting system of listed companies. Establish a long-term mechanism to enhance the inherent stability of the capital market. Improve the restraint mechanism of the code of conduct of major shareholders and actual controllers. Improve the incentive and restraint mechanism for dividends of listed companies. Improve the investor protection mechanism. Promote the docking of regional equity market rules and the unification of standards.

　　Formulate financial laws. Improve the financial supervision system, bring all financial activities into supervision according to law, strengthen the supervision responsibility and accountability system, and strengthen the coordination between central and local supervision. We will build a safe and efficient financial infrastructure, unify the rules and regulations of financial market registration, custody, settlement and liquidation, establish a hard constraint system for early risk correction, and build a financial stability guarantee system for effective prevention and control of systemic risks. Improve the mechanism of protecting financial consumers and cracking down on illegal financial activities, and build a "firewall" for industrial capital and financial capital. Promote a high level of financial openness, steadily and solidly promote the internationalization of the RMB, and develop the offshore RMB market. Steadily promote the development and application of digital RMB. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai International Financial Center.

　　Improve the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management model, and support qualified foreign-funded institutions to participate in financial business pilots. We will prudently expand the interconnection of financial markets and optimize the system of qualified foreign investors. We will promote the construction of an autonomous and controllable cross-border payment system and strengthen the financial security mechanism under open conditions. Establish a unified full-caliber foreign debt supervision system. Actively participate in international financial governance.

　　(19) improve the implementation of regional coordinated development strategy mechanism. Construct a regional economic layout and a national space system with complementary advantages. We will improve the system and policy system for promoting the development of the western region to form a new pattern, making new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast, accelerating the rise of the central region, and accelerating the modernization of the eastern region. Promote Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions to better play the role of high-quality development power sources, and optimize the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin and the high-quality development mechanism. Promoting the construction of xiong’an new area with high standards and high quality. Promote the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area. We will improve the system of main functional areas and strengthen the guarantee mechanism for the optimal development of land space. We will improve the development mechanism of regional integration, build a new mechanism of cross-administrative cooperation and development, and deepen industrial cooperation between the eastern, central and western regions. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting the development of marine economy.

　　Sixth, improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development

　　The integration of urban and rural development is the inevitable requirement of Chinese modernization. We must coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization and overall rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the integration level of urban and rural planning, construction and governance, promote the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements, narrow the differences between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity and development of urban and rural areas.

　　(20) Improve the system and mechanism for promoting new urbanization. Construct a benign interactive mechanism of industrial upgrading, population agglomeration and urban development. We will implement the system of providing basic public services by registered permanent residence, promote the eligible agricultural transfer population to enjoy the same rights as the registered permanent residence population in terms of social insurance, housing security and compulsory education for their children, and accelerate the urbanization of agricultural transfer population. Safeguard the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who have settled in cities, safeguard the land contracting rights, homestead use rights and collective income distribution rights of farmers who have settled in cities according to law, and explore ways to establish voluntary paid withdrawal.

　　Adhere to people’s cities, people build them and people’s cities serve the people. Improve the urban planning system and guide the coordinated development and intensive and compact layout of large, medium and small cities and small towns. Deepen the reform of urban construction, operation and governance system and accelerate the transformation of urban development mode. Promote the formation of a new intelligent and efficient governance system for mega-cities, and establish an institutional mechanism for the development of metropolitan areas. Deepen the reform of giving mega-towns the right to economic and social management commensurate with their population and economic scale. Establish sustainable urban renewal models, policies and regulations, strengthen the construction of underground utility tunnel and the upgrading of old pipelines, and deepen the actions to enhance urban safety and resilience.

　　(21) Consolidate and improve the rural basic management system. We will promote the second round of land contracting in an orderly manner, and then extend the pilot project for 30 years after the expiration, deepen the reform of the separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights of contracted land, and develop moderate scale operation of agriculture. Improve the agricultural management system, improve the formation mechanism of the transfer price of contracted land management rights, promote farmers’ cooperative management, and promote the support policies for new agricultural business entities to increase farmers’ income. Improve the convenient and efficient agricultural socialized service system. Develop a new rural collective economy, build an operating mechanism with clear property rights and reasonable distribution, and give farmers more adequate property rights.

　　(22) Improve the support system for strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers. Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and improve the investment mechanism for rural revitalization. Strengthen the county-level industries to enrich the people, build a diversified food supply system, and cultivate new industries and formats in rural areas. Optimize the agricultural subsidy policy system and develop multi-level agricultural insurance. We will improve the normalization mechanism covering the rural population to prevent poverty from returning to poverty, and establish a hierarchical and classified assistance system for rural low-income people and underdeveloped areas. We will improve the long-term management mechanism for tackling poverty and tackling the problem of state investment to form assets. Use the experience of "Ten Million Projects" to improve the long-term mechanism to promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.

　　Accelerate the improvement of the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and promote the price of important agricultural products such as grain to remain at a reasonable level. Coordinate the establishment of inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism in grain production and marketing areas, and take substantial steps in interest compensation in main producing areas. Make overall plans to promote the reform of the system and mechanism of grain purchase and sale and reserve management, and establish a new mode of supervision. Improve the long-term mechanism of grain and food saving.

　　(23) Deepen the reform of the land system. Reform and improve the balance system of cultivated land occupation and compensation, bring all kinds of cultivated land occupation into unified management, improve the quality acceptance mechanism of supplementary cultivated land, and ensure that the balance standard is reached. Improve the mechanism of construction, acceptance and management of high-standard farmland. Improve the management system to ensure that cultivated land is used for planting basic crops. Houses legally owned by farmers are allowed to be revitalized through leasing, shareholding and cooperation. We will promote the reform of rural collective construction land entering the market in an orderly manner and improve the distribution mechanism of land value-added income.

　　Optimize land management, improve the land management system that is efficiently linked with macro policies and regional development, and give priority to ensuring the rational use of land for leading industries and major projects, so that advantageous areas have more room for development. Establish a coordination mechanism between the allocation of new urban construction land indicators and the increase of permanent population. Explore the mechanism of balancing occupation and compensation for specific projects and regions by using the state’s centralized reclamation and cultivation of cultivated land. Optimize the use of urban industrial and commercial land, speed up the development of the secondary market for construction land, promote the mixed development and utilization of land, rationally change the use, and revitalize the existing land and inefficient land. Carry out special management of land use in various industrial parks. Formulate policies for the extension and expiration of industrial and commercial land use rights.

　　Seven, improve the high-level opening-up system and mechanism.

　　Openness is a distinctive symbol of Chinese modernization. We must adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, persist in promoting reform through opening up, rely on China’s super-large-scale market advantage, enhance the ability of opening up in expanding international cooperation, and build a new open economic system at a higher level.

　　(24) steadily expand institutional opening. Actively connect with international high-standard economic and trade rules, realize the compatibility of rules, regulations, management and standards in the fields of property rights protection, industrial subsidies, environmental standards, labor protection, government procurement, e-commerce and finance, and create a transparent, stable and predictable institutional environment. We will expand independent opening up, orderly open up China’s commodity market, service market, capital market and labor market, and expand unilateral opening up to the least developed countries. Deepen the reform of foreign aid system and mechanism and realize the whole chain management.

　　Maintain the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization as the core, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, and provide more global public goods. Expand the global network of high-standard free trade zones, establish a compliance mechanism that is linked with international rules, and optimize the environment for open cooperation.

　　(25) Deepening the reform of the foreign trade system. Strengthen the coordination between trade policy and fiscal, taxation, financial and industrial policies, build a system and policy support system for trade powers, accelerate the reform of domestic and foreign trade integration, and actively respond to the trend of digital and green trade. Promote regulatory innovations such as customs clearance, taxation and foreign exchange, and create an institutional environment conducive to the development of new formats and new models. Innovate and develop digital trade and promote the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone. We will build a commodity trading center, a global distribution center, support the orderly layout of overseas circulation facilities by various entities, and support the construction of international logistics hubs and commodity resource allocation hubs in qualified areas. Improve the trade risk prevention and control mechanism, improve the export control system and trade remedy system.

　　Innovate and enhance service trade, fully implement the negative list of cross-border service trade, promote the comprehensive pilot demonstration of expanding and opening up the service industry, and encourage professional service institutions to enhance their international service capabilities. Accelerate the development of offshore trade and develop new offshore international trade business. Establish and improve the cross-border financial service system and enrich the supply of financial products and services.

　　(26) Deepen the reform of the management system for foreign investment and foreign investment. Create a market-oriented, rule-based and international first-class business environment, and protect the rights and interests of foreign investment according to law. Expand the catalogue of industries that encourage foreign investment, reasonably reduce the negative list of foreign investment access, implement measures to completely cancel the restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, and promote the orderly expansion and opening up of telecommunications, Internet, education, culture, medical care and other fields. Deepen the reform of foreign investment promotion system and mechanism, guarantee the national treatment of foreign-funded enterprises in terms of factor acquisition, qualification licensing, standard setting, government procurement, etc., and support participation in upstream and downstream cooperation in the industrial chain. Improve the living convenience system for overseas personnel such as entry and residence, medical care and payment. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting and ensuring foreign investment, improve the management service system for foreign investment, and promote international cooperation in the industrial chain and supply chain.

　　(27) Optimize the regional open layout. Consolidate the leading position of the eastern coastal areas in opening up, improve the level of opening up in the central, western and northeastern regions, and accelerate the formation of an all-round opening pattern of land and sea linkage and two-way mutual assistance between the east and the west. Give full play to the advantages of coastal, border, riverside and traffic trunk lines, optimize the division of regional opening functions, and create a variety of open highlands. Implement the promotion strategy of the free trade pilot zone and encourage innovative and integrated exploration. Accelerate the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.

　　Give full play to the advantages of the "one country, two systems" system, consolidate and enhance Hong Kong’s position as an international financial, shipping and trade center, support Hong Kong and Macao to build a highland for international high-end talents, and improve the mechanism for Hong Kong and Macao to play a better role in the country’s opening up. Deepen cooperation in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and strengthen the convergence of rules and mechanisms. We will improve the systems and policies for promoting cross-strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation and deepen cross-strait integration and development.

　　(28) Improve and promote the "One Belt, One Road" mechanism with high quality. Continue to implement the "Belt and Road" action plan for scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in the fields of green development, digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance and disaster reduction. Improve the integrated layout of land, sea and skynet, and build a "Belt and Road" three-dimensional interconnection network. Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects.

　　Eight, improve the whole process of people’s democratic system.

　　Developing people’s democracy in the whole process is the essential requirement of Chinese modernization. We must unswervingly follow the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to and improve China’s fundamental political system, basic political system and important political system, enrich the forms of democracy at all levels, and embody the concrete reality that the people are the masters of the country in all aspects of national political life and social life.

　　(29) Strengthen the system of people being the masters of their own country. Adhere to, improve and operate the people’s congress system. We will improve the supervision system of the NPC over administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs, improve the supervision law and its implementation mechanism, and strengthen the supervision of the NPC’s budget and final accounts review, state-owned assets management and government debt management. Improve the rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress and the system of demonstration, evaluation, appraisal and hearing. Enrich the content and form of NPC deputies’ contact with the people. Improve the working mechanism of absorbing public opinion and pooling people’s wisdom. Give play to the role of trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women’s federations and other mass organizations as a bridge to serve the masses.

　　(30) Improve the deliberative democratic mechanism. Give full play to the role of the CPPCC as a special consultative body, improve the mechanism of in-depth consultation and interaction, full expression of opinions and broad consensus, and strengthen the construction of the CPPCC mechanism to reflect social conditions and public opinion, contact the masses and serve the people. Improve the democratic supervision mechanism of the CPPCC.

　　We will improve the deliberative democratic system, enrich the methods of consultation, improve the institutionalized platforms for political party consultation, people’s congress consultation, government consultation, CPPCC consultation, people’s organizations consultation, grassroots consultation and social organization consultation, and strengthen the coordination of various consultation channels. Improve the implementation mechanism of consultation before and during decision-making, and improve the adoption, implementation and feedback mechanism of consultation results.

　　(31) Improve the grassroots democratic system. We will improve the grassroots mass autonomy mechanism led by grassroots party organizations, improve the grassroots democratic system and work system, and broaden the channels for grassroots organizations and the masses to participate in grassroots governance in an orderly manner. Improve the system of openness in handling affairs. We will improve the democratic management system of enterprises and institutions with the workers’ congress as the basic form, and improve the effective form of enterprise employees’ participation in management.

　　(32) Improve the pattern of great United front work. We will improve the policy measures to give full play to the political role of the United front in rallying people’s hearts and gathering strength. Adhere to, develop and improve the new political party system in China. Give full play to the role of non-party members and improve the system of building a team of non-party representatives. We will formulate the law on promoting national unity and progress, improve the system and mechanism of building a strong sense of the Chinese nation community, and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. We will systematically promote the China of religion in China and strengthen the rule of law in the governance of religious affairs. Improve the political leading mechanism of non-party intellectuals and new social strata. We will comprehensively build pro-Qing political and business relations and improve the working mechanism to promote the healthy development of the non-public economy and the healthy growth of non-public economic people. Improve the working mechanism of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese.

　　Nine, improve the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　The rule of law is an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must fully implement the Constitution, safeguard the authority of the Constitution, promote the reform of legislation, law enforcement, judicature and law-abiding, improve the guarantee mechanism of equality before the law, carry forward the socialist spirit of rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, and comprehensively promote the rule of law in all aspects of state work.

　　(33) Deepen the reform in the legislative field. We will improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core, improve the system to ensure the full implementation of the Constitution, and establish a reporting system on the implementation of the Constitution. Improve the legislative work pattern led by the Party Committee, led by the National People’s Congress, supported by the government, and participated by all parties. Coordinate the reform of legislation, abolish interpretation and compilation, strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging areas and foreign-related areas, improve the constitutional review and filing review system, and improve the quality of legislation. Explore regional collaborative legislation. Improve the coordination mechanism between the internal party regulations and national laws and regulations. Build a unified national information platform for laws, regulations and normative documents.

　　(34) further promoting administration according to law. Promote the legalization of government institutions, functions, authorities, procedures and responsibilities, promote the standardization, standardization and facilitation of government services, and improve the integrated online government service platform covering the whole country. Improve the legality review mechanism of major decision-making and normative documents. Strengthen the review of government legislation. We will deepen the reform of the administrative law enforcement system, improve the grass-roots comprehensive law enforcement system and mechanism, and improve the administrative law enforcement supervision system and mechanism. Improve the benchmark system of administrative discretion in areas such as administrative punishment, and promote the cross-regional convergence of administrative law enforcement standards. Improve the two-way connection system between administrative punishment and criminal punishment. Improve the system and mechanism of administrative reconsideration. Improve the administrative adjudication system. Improve the vertical management system and local hierarchical management system, and improve the vertical management institutions and local cooperation and cooperation mechanisms. Steadily promote the institutional optimization of small population counties. Deepen the reform of development zone management system. Optimize the structural layout of public institutions and strengthen public welfare.

　　(35) Improve the judicial system and mechanism of fair law enforcement. We will improve the system and mechanism in which the supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorial organs, judicial organs and judicial administrative organs perform their respective duties, and the supervisory power, investigation power, procuratorial power, judicial power and execution power cooperate and restrict each other, so as to ensure that the whole process of law enforcement and justice operates under effective supervision. We will deepen the reform of separating judicial power from executive power, improve the national executive system, and strengthen the supervision of the parties, procuratorial organs and the public over the whole process of executive activities. We will improve the system of judicial relief and protection for law enforcement and the system of state compensation. Deepen and standardize judicial openness and implement and improve the judicial responsibility system. Standardize the establishment of specialized courts. Deepen the reform of level jurisdiction, centralized jurisdiction and off-site jurisdiction of administrative cases. We will build a coordinated and efficient police system and mechanism, promote the reform of the establishment management of local public security organs, and continue to promote the reform of the management system of civil aviation public security organs and customs anti-smuggling departments. Standardize the management system of police auxiliary personnel.

　　Adhere to the correct concept of human rights, strengthen the judicial guarantee of human rights law enforcement, improve the working mechanism of pre-examination, in-process supervision and post-correction, improve the system of compulsory measures involving citizens’ personal rights and compulsory measures such as seizure, seizure and freezing, and investigate and deal with criminal acts such as taking advantage of bending the law’s power, illegal detention and extorting confessions by torture according to law. Promote full coverage of lawyers’ defense in criminal cases. Establish a minor criminal record sealing system.

　　(36) Improve the mechanism for promoting the construction of a society ruled by law. We will improve the public legal service system covering urban and rural areas and deepen the reform of the lawyer system, notarization system, arbitration system, mediation system and judicial expertise management system. Improve the publicity and education of the rule of law and improve the practice-oriented education and training mechanism of law colleges. Strengthen and improve the protection of minors’ rights and interests, strengthen the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency, and formulate special corrective education regulations.

　　(37) Strengthen the construction of foreign-related rule of law. Establish a working mechanism to promote foreign-related legislation, law enforcement, justice, law-abiding and legal services, and the training of talents under the rule of law. We will improve the system of foreign-related laws and regulations and the implementation system of the rule of law and deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and justice. We will improve the judicial trial system in foreign-related civil legal relations, such as the parties agreeing on jurisdiction according to law and choosing to apply extraterritorial laws. Improve the system of international commercial arbitration and mediation, and cultivate world-class arbitration institutions and law firms. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules.

　　Ten, deepen the reform of cultural system and mechanism

　　Chinese modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are in harmony. We must strengthen cultural self-confidence, develop advanced socialist culture, carry forward revolutionary culture, inherit Chinese excellent traditional culture, speed up adaptation to the new situation of rapid development of information technology, cultivate and form a large-scale team of outstanding cultural talents, and stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the whole nation.

　　(38) Improve the responsibility system for ideological work. Improve the system of arming the whole party, educating the people and guiding practice with the Party’s innovative theory, improve the study system of the theoretical study center group of the Party committee (party group), and improve the ideological and political work system. Innovate Marxist theoretical research and construction projects, implement innovative projects of philosophy and social sciences, and build China’s independent knowledge system of philosophy and social sciences. Improve the spokesperson system. Build a working mechanism and evaluation system that adapts to all-media production and communication, and promote the systematic reform of mainstream media. Improve the public opinion guidance mechanism and the public opinion response coordination mechanism.

　　Promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education. Improve the system and mechanism of cultivating and practicing socialist core values. Improve the working mechanism of cultivating innovative civilization, practicing civilization and creating civilization. Implement the civilized rural wind construction project. Optimize the publicity and learning mechanism of English model figures, innovate patriotism education and the organization mechanism of various mass theme activities, and promote the whole society to admire heroes, remember martyrs and strive to be pioneers. We will build a system of inheriting Chinese traditional virtues, improve the system and mechanism of building social morality, professional ethics, family virtues and personal morality, improve the long-term mechanism of building integrity, educate and guide the whole society to consciously abide by the law, follow public order and good customs, and resolutely oppose money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism and historical nihilism. Form a decentralized and accurate implementation mechanism for online ideological and moral education. Establish and improve the collaborative governance mechanism for outstanding problems in the moral field, and improve the long-term mechanism of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications".

　　(39) Optimize the supply mechanism of cultural services and cultural products. We will improve the public cultural service system, establish a mechanism for high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots level, improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and promote the reform of the separation of ownership and use rights of public cultural facilities. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises in the cultural field, promote the internal reform of cultural institutions by classification, and improve the development mechanism of literary and art academies.

　　Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, adhere to the combination of achievements and talents, grasp works and grasp the environment, and improve the working mechanism of service, guidance and organization of literary and artistic creation and production. Improve the cultural industry system and market system, and improve the cultural and economic policies. Explore an effective mechanism for the integration of culture and technology, and accelerate the development of new cultural formats. Deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval filing system in the cultural field and strengthen supervision after the event. Deepen the comprehensive management of the entertainment field.

　　Establish a coordination mechanism for cultural heritage protection and inheritance, establish a cultural heritage protection supervision system, and promote systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage. Construct the Chinese civilization logo system. Improve the system and mechanism for the deep integration of culture and tourism. Improve the public service system for national fitness, and reform and improve the management system and operation mechanism of competitive sports.

　　(40) Improve the comprehensive network management system. Deepen the reform of the network management system, integrate the functions of network content construction and management, and promote the integrated management of news propaganda and network public opinion. Improve the development and management mechanism of generative artificial intelligence. Strengthen the rule of law in cyberspace, improve the long-term mechanism of network ecological governance, and improve the network protection system for minors.

　　(41) Build a more effective international communication system. Promote the reconstruction of international communication pattern, deepen the reform and innovation of international communication mechanism of mainstream media, and accelerate the construction of multi-channel and three-dimensional external communication pattern. Accelerate the construction of China discourse and China narrative system, and comprehensively improve the efficiency of international communication. Building a practice mechanism for global civilization initiatives. Promote the convenience of going out and inviting in, and expand international humanities exchanges and cooperation.

　　XI. Improve the system of safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood.

　　Safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood in development is a major task of Chinese modernization. We must persist in doing our best and do what we can, improve the basic public service system, strengthen the construction of inclusive, basic and comprehensive people’s livelihood, solve the most direct and realistic interests of the people, and constantly satisfy the people’s yearning for a better life.

　　(42) Improve the income distribution system. Build a coordinated system of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of residents’ income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. We will improve the mechanism of wage determination, reasonable growth and payment guarantee for workers, and improve the policy system of distribution according to factors. Improve the redistribution and adjustment mechanisms such as taxation, social security and transfer payment. Support the development of charity.

　　Standardize the order of income distribution, standardize the mechanism of wealth accumulation, increase the property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels, and form an institutional system to effectively increase the income of low-income groups, steadily expand the scale of middle-income groups, and rationally adjust excessive income. Deepen the reform of the wage determination mechanism of state-owned enterprises, reasonably determine and strictly regulate the salaries, allowances and subsidies of responsible persons at all levels of state-owned enterprises.

　　(43) Improve the employment priority policy. We will improve the high-quality and full-employment promotion mechanism, improve the employment public service system, and focus on solving structural employment contradictions. We will improve the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers and retired military personnel, and improve the lifelong vocational skills training system. Coordinate the urban and rural employment policy system, simultaneously promote the reform of household registration, employment, archives and other services, optimize the policy environment of entrepreneurship to promote employment, and support and standardize the development of new employment forms. We will improve the system and mechanism for promoting equality of opportunity and smooth the channels of social mobility. Improve the consultation and coordination mechanism of labor relations and strengthen the protection of workers’ rights and interests.

　　(44) Improve the social security system. We will improve the national overall planning system for basic old-age insurance and improve the national unified social security public service platform. Improve the value-added and safety supervision system of social security funds. We will improve the mechanism for reasonable adjustment of financing and treatment of basic old-age pension and basic medical insurance, and gradually raise the basic pension of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents. We will improve the social security system for flexible employees, migrant workers and people with new employment forms, expand the coverage of unemployment, work-related injuries and maternity insurance, completely abolish the restrictions on household registration in places of employment, and improve the policy of transferring and continuing social security relations. Accelerate the development of a multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, expand the coverage of the annuity system, and implement the personal pension system. Give play to the supplementary guarantee function of various commercial insurances. We will promote the overall planning of basic medical insurance at the provincial level, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, improve the system of serious illness insurance and medical assistance, and strengthen the supervision of medical insurance funds. Improve the social assistance system. We will improve the system for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Improve the social security system and care service system for the disabled.

　　Accelerate the establishment of a housing system with both rent and purchase, and accelerate the construction of a new model of real estate development. Increase the construction and supply of affordable housing to meet the rigid housing needs of wage earners. Support the diversified and improved housing needs of urban and rural residents. Fully give the municipal governments the autonomy to regulate the real estate market, and allow the relevant cities to cancel or reduce the housing purchase restriction policy and cancel the standards for ordinary houses and non-ordinary houses due to the city’s policy. Reform the financing mode of real estate development and the pre-sale system of commercial housing. Improve the real estate tax system.

　　(45) Deepen the reform of the medical and health system. Implement the strategy of giving priority to health development, improve the public health system, promote social co-governance, coordination and integration of medical care and prevention, and strengthen the capabilities of monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, inspection and testing, emergency response and medical treatment. Promote the coordinated development and governance of medical care, medical insurance and medicine. Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and balanced regional layout, accelerate the construction of graded diagnosis and treatment system, promote the construction of close medical associations, and strengthen primary medical and health services. Deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented to public welfare, establish a charging mechanism oriented to medical services, improve the salary system, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for staffing. Guide and standardize the development of private hospitals. Innovate medical and health supervision means. We will improve the mechanism for supporting the development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and improve the mechanism for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine.

　　(46) Improve the population development support and service system. Improve the population development strategy with the focus on dealing with aging and declining birthrate, improve the population service system covering the whole population and the whole life cycle, and promote the high-quality development of the population. Improve the birth support policy system and incentive mechanism, and promote the construction of a birth-friendly society. Effectively reduce the cost of childbirth, parenting and education, improve the maternity leave system, establish a maternity subsidy system, improve the public service level of basic childbirth and children’s medical care, and increase the personal income tax deduction. Strengthen the construction of universal child care service system, and support the development of various modes such as employer-run care, community embedded care, and family care points. Grasp the objective law of population flow, promote relevant public services to follow people, and promote the rational agglomeration and orderly flow of urban and rural population.

　　Actively respond to the aging of the population and improve the policy mechanism for the development of pension undertakings and pension industries. Develop the silver-haired economy and create diversified and personalized jobs suitable for the elderly. In accordance with the principles of voluntariness and flexibility, we will steadily and orderly promote the gradual reform of delaying the statutory retirement age. Optimize the supply of basic pension services, cultivate community pension service institutions, improve the operating mechanism of public pension institutions, encourage and guide enterprises and other social forces to actively participate, promote mutual pension services, and promote the combination of medical care and nursing. Accelerate the filling of shortcomings in rural old-age care services. We will improve services for the elderly with special difficulties such as widowhood, disability and disability, and accelerate the establishment of a long-term care insurance system.

　　XII. Deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system

　　Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. We must improve the system of ecological civilization system, promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth in coordination, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets concept.

　　(47) Improve the basic system of ecological civilization. Implement a sub-regional, differentiated and precise ecological environment management system, and improve the ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system. Establish and improve the system of land and space use control and planning permission covering all types of the whole region and unified connection. We will improve the property rights system and management system of natural resources assets, improve the principal-agent mechanism of ownership of natural resources assets owned by the whole people, and establish a responsibility assessment and supervision system for ecological environment protection, natural resources protection and utilization, and asset preservation and appreciation. Improve the coordination mechanism of national ecological security work. Compiling the code of ecological environment.

　　(48) Improve the ecological environment management system. Promote the construction of responsibility system, supervision system, market system, laws, regulations and policy system for ecological environment governance. We will improve the system and mechanism of precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control according to law, implement the supervision system of fixed pollution sources with the pollutant discharge permit system as the core, establish a new pollutant collaborative governance and environmental risk management and control system, and promote the coordinated emission reduction of multiple pollutants. Deepen the reform of environmental information disclosure system according to law and build an environmental credit supervision system. Promote the construction of an ecological environment management system integrating upstream and downstream in important river basins. We will comprehensively promote the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body.

　　We will implement the red line management system for ecological protection, improve the integrated protection and systematic governance mechanism for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and build a diversified investment mechanism for ecological protection and restoration. Implement the rigid restraint system of water resources, and comprehensively implement the reform of water resources fees into taxes. Strengthen the coordination mechanism of biodiversity protection. Improve the system for the development and protection of marine resources. Improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products. Deepen the reform of the system of paid use of natural resources. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation, improve the compensation mechanism for horizontal ecological protection, and make overall plans to promote compensation for ecological environment damage.

　　(49) Improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism. Implement fiscal, taxation, finance, investment and price policies and standard systems that support green and low-carbon development, develop green and low-carbon industries, improve the incentive mechanism for green consumption, and promote the construction of a green and low-carbon circular development economic system. Optimize the government’s green procurement policy and improve the green tax system. Improve the system of total resource management and overall saving, and improve the system of waste recycling. Improve the clean and efficient utilization mechanism of coal. Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and improve new energy consumption and regulation policies and measures. Improve the work system to adapt to climate change. Establish a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emission. We will build a carbon emission statistical accounting system, a product carbon label certification system and a product carbon footprint management system, improve the carbon market trading system and the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading system, and actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

　　Thirteen, promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities.

　　National security is an important foundation for Chinese modernization. We must fully implement the overall concept of national security, improve the system and mechanism for safeguarding national security, realize the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and effectively guarantee the long-term stability of the country.

　　(50) Improve the national security system. Strengthen the coordination mechanism of national security work, improve the national security rule of law system, strategic system, policy system, risk monitoring and early warning system, and improve the security guarantee system in key areas and the important special coordination and command system. Build a coordinated and efficient national security protection system and promote the empowerment of national security science and technology.

　　(51) Improve the governance mechanism of public safety. We will improve the security system for handling major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of great security, strengthen the basic emergency foundation and strength, and improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief. Improve the mechanism of safety production risk investigation and rectification and responsibility investigation. Improve the food and drug safety responsibility system. Improve the biosafety supervision, early warning and prevention system. Strengthen the construction of network security system and establish an artificial intelligence security supervision system.

　　(52) Improve the social governance system. Adhere to and develop the "Maple Bridge Experience" in the new era, improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of party organizations, and improve the social governance system of co-construction and co-governance. Explore the establishment of a unified national population management system. Improve the system and mechanism of social work, strengthen party building to lead grassroots governance, strengthen the construction of social workers, and promote the construction of volunteer service system. Promote the legalization of letters and visits. Improve the social governance capacity of the city, strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, and improve the list management mechanism and normalization promotion mechanism of "efficiently doing one thing". Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism. Improve the mechanism to play the role of family education and family style construction in grassroots governance. Deepen the reform of trade associations and chambers of commerce. Improve the management system of social organizations.

　　Improve the system of matching township (street) responsibilities with power and resources, and strengthen the service management power of township (street). We will improve the overall prevention and control system of public security, improve the normalization mechanism of eliminating evils, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities that are strongly reflected by the masses according to law.

　　(53) Improve the national security mechanism concerning foreign affairs. Establish and improve the coordination mechanism of peripheral security work. Strengthen the system and mechanism of early warning, prevention and control and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the security field, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. Improve the mechanism of anti-sanctions, anti-interference and anti-"long-arm jurisdiction". Improve the mechanism for safeguarding maritime rights and interests. Improve the mechanism of participating in global security governance.

　　Fourteen, continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the army.

　　National defense and military modernization are important components of Chinese modernization. We must uphold the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army and thoroughly implement the strategy of strengthening the army through reform, so as to provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goal of building the army for a hundred years as scheduled and basically realizing national defense and military modernization.

　　(54) Improve the leadership and management system and mechanism of the People’s Army. We will improve the system and mechanism of implementing the responsibility system of the chairman of the Central Military Commission and further promote political army building. Optimize the functional allocation of organs and departments of the Central Military Commission, improve the overall promotion mechanism of war, construction and preparation, improve the consultation and evaluation mechanism of major decisions, deepen strategic management innovation, and improve the military governance system. Improve the working mechanism of administering the army according to law. Improve the supporting policies and systems in the fields of combat readiness and military human resources. Deepen the reform of military academies and promote their connotative development. Implement the adjustment and reform of military enterprises and institutions.

　　(55) Deepen the reform of the joint operational system. We will improve the functions of the joint operations command center of the Central Military Commission, improve the command functions in major security areas, and establish a coordinated operation mechanism with the central and state organs. Optimize the formation of theater joint operations command center and improve the formation mode of joint operations command of task forces. Strengthen the overall planning of the construction and application of network information system. We will build a new structural layout of services and arms, accelerate the development of strategic deterrent forces, vigorously develop new areas and new quality combat forces, and make overall plans to strengthen the construction of traditional combat forces. Optimize the strength of the armed police force.

　　(56) Deepen cross-military reform. We will improve the integrated national strategic system and the working mechanism for capacity building, and improve the system and mechanism for deliberation and coordination of military-related decision-making. We will improve the mechanism of reporting military needs for national defense construction and the docking of military and land, and improve the national defense mobilization system. Deepen the reform of national defense science, technology and industry system, optimize the layout of national defense science, technology and industry, improve the procurement system of weapons and equipment, establish a reward mechanism for military design, and build a modern management system for weapons and equipment. Improve the overall planning mechanism of military and civilian standardization work. Strengthen the construction and management of aerospace, military trade and other fields. Optimize the leadership and management system and mechanism of border and coastal defense, and improve the mechanism of joint efforts of the party, government, army, police and people to govern the border. Deepen the reform of the militia system. Improve the working mechanism of double support.

　　Fifteen, improve the party’s leadership level to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization.

　　The leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "two establishment", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenance", maintain a high degree of consciousness of leading the social revolution with the Party’s self-revolution, persist in governing the Party with the spirit of reform and strict standards, improve the Party’s self-revolutionary system and norms, and constantly promote the Party’s self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement to ensure that the Party will always be strong in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　(57) Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee in further comprehensively deepening reform. The overall design, overall coordination and overall promotion of the leadership reform of the CPC Central Committee. Improve the implementation mechanism of major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and ensure that the CPC Central Committee orders it to be prohibited. Party committees (party groups) at all levels are responsible for implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, planning and promoting the reform of their own departments in the region, encouraging pioneering and innovative work in combination with reality, and creating fresh experiences that can be replicated and popularized. We should follow the Party’s mass line in the new era and fully absorb social expectations, mass wisdom, expert opinions and grassroots experience into the reform design. Set reform issues around solving outstanding contradictions, optimize the generation mechanism of key reform programs, adhere to the truth, correct mistakes, find problems in time, and correct deviations. Improve the reform incentive and public opinion guidance mechanism, and create a good reform atmosphere.

　　(58) Deepen the reform of the Party’s construction system. Focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the whole party to grasp reform and promote development, and improve the system and mechanism of party building. Strengthen the party’s innovative theory, and establish and improve a long-term mechanism to build the soul by learning, to increase wisdom by learning, to correct the wind by learning, and to promote dry by learning. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, clearly establish the correct orientation of selecting and employing people, vigorously select cadres who are politically competent, dare to take responsibility, are determined to reform, have outstanding performance, and are honest and clean, and strive to solve the problems of cadres’ chaos, inaction, dare not act and incompetence. Establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, and improve the working mechanism to effectively prevent and correct the deviation of political achievements. Implement the "three distinctions" and encourage cadres to forge ahead and start businesses. Promote the normalization of leading cadres’ promotion and demotion, and intensify the adjustment of cadres who are not suitable for serving. Improve the normal training mechanism, especially the basic training mechanism, strengthen professional training and practical exercise, and comprehensively improve the ability of cadres’ modernization. We will improve and implement the tenure system for leading cadres, and improve the system of changing and handing over the principal leaders of leading bodies. Strengthen the political and organizational functions of the party organization. Explore effective ways to strengthen the party building of new economic organizations, new social organizations and new employment groups. Improve the mechanism of education management and function in party member. Improve the laws and regulations within the party and enhance the authority and execution of the laws and regulations within the party.

　　(59) Further promote the building of a clean and honest party style and the fight against corruption. Improve the mechanism of concretization, precision and normalization of political supervision. Persevere in implementing the spirit of the eight central regulations and improve the system and mechanism for preventing formalism and bureaucracy. We will continue to streamline and standardize meeting documents and all kinds of activities to create forums for demonstrations, competitions and festivals, strictly control the total amount of supervision, inspection and assessment for grassroots units, improve the quality of research, and make great efforts to solve the problem of excessive frequency and complexity. Formulate a list of duties and responsibilities of townships (streets) and improve the long-term mechanism for reducing burdens at the grassroots level. Establish a regular and centralized discipline education mechanism, deepen the use of the "four forms" of supervision and discipline, and give full play to the party’s discipline education constraints, guarantees and incentives.

　　We will improve the working mechanism of promoting non-corruption, non-corruption and non-corruption, and strive to eradicate the soil and conditions for corruption. We will improve the mechanism of investigating and treating unhealthy practices and corruption at the same time, deepen the rectification of corruption in areas where power is concentrated, funds are intensive and resources are rich, seriously investigate and deal with the problem that political and business ties undermine the political ecology and economic development environment, improve the joint punishment mechanism for key bribers, and enrich effective ways to prevent and control new and hidden corruption. Strengthen the governance of false accusations. We will improve the mechanism for chasing and escaping. Strengthen the construction of clean culture in the new era.

　　Improve the supervision system of the party and the state. Strengthen the comprehensive and strict management of the party’s main responsibility and supervision responsibility. Improve and strengthen the supporting system for supervision of the "top leaders" and leading bodies. Improve the power allocation and operation restriction mechanism, and oppose privileged thoughts and privileged phenomena. Promote the organic connection between discipline enforcement and criminal justice. Improve the system and mechanism of patrol inspection. Optimize the functions of supervision, inspection and investigation institutions, improve the discipline inspection and supervision system of vertical management units, and promote the full dispatch of discipline inspection and supervision teams to middle-management enterprises. Deepen the reform of grass-roots supervision system and mechanism. Promote anti-corruption national legislation, amend the supervision law, and introduce anti-cross-border corruption laws.

　　(60) Do a good job in the implementation of reform in the spirit of nailing. For the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee to further deepen the reform in an all-round way, the whole party must be realistic and pragmatic, dare to do good deeds, adhere to coordination and integration, scientifically formulate the reform task book, timetable and priority order, clarify the implementation subjects and responsibilities of various reforms, incorporate the implementation of major reforms into the contents of supervision and inspection, and test the reform with actual results and people’s satisfaction.

　　Chinese modernization is the modernization that takes the road of peaceful development. We must firmly adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace, promote the building of a community of human destiny, practice the common values of all mankind, implement global development initiatives, global security initiatives and global civilization initiatives, advocate an equal and orderly world multipolarization and inclusive economic globalization, deepen the reform of foreign affairs working mechanism, participate in leading the reform and construction of the global governance system, firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, and create a good external environment for further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization.

　　The whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China should unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, hold high the banner of reform and opening up, make concerted efforts and forge ahead, and work hard to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, realize the goal of the second century, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization.

Go all the way along the seaside highway

Look at the sky and the sky.

Watch the sunrise and sunset by the sea.

Do you like this way of traveling?

Qiang Qiang ~

China’s "most beautiful coastal national highway"

G228 coastal scenic road is on the scene!

recent days

National Highway G228 Xiang ‘annan Interchange

Wait for the completion of the upgrading and reconstruction of 13 bridge guardrails.

Safety and face value are further improved.

Route of Xiamen Section of G228 National Highway

Starting from the Lianhe boundary between Xiamen and Quanzhou.

Finally, Xiamen and Zhangzhou baijiao boundary

The current total length is about 75.6 kilometers.

Via Xiang ‘an, Tong ‘an, Jimei and Haicang.

String together the long and dazzling scenery of Xiamen Bay

Seascape and city scenery complement each other.

The whole line has been completed and opened to traffic.

Xiamen section of national highway G228 passes by in turn.

Xiamen East Sea Area, Xinglin Bay, Maluan Bay and West Sea Area

Road and

Xiang ‘an Tunnel, Jimei Bridge and Haicang Bridge

Equal access to the island

National Highway G228 starts in Dandong, Liaoning Province and ends in dongxing city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 6,900 kilometers. It is the longest coastal national highway in China, and it is planned to run through the whole line in 2025. Known as "the first coastal highway in China" and "the most beautiful coastal national highway", it spans a series of water systems such as Pearl River, Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River and Yalu River from south to north, connecting more than 40 coastal cities in series and connecting the most beautiful coastline of the motherland in series.

Xingbin Road with Sea View and City View/Xiamen Daily reporter Wang Xieyun photo

Excavating "One Line" Tourism Resources

Overlooking Xiamen section of G228 National Highway from the air.

The coastline under the blue sky

Long and beautiful

Effective series connection through G228

Nature, culture, sports and religion along the road.

"One Bay and Sixteen Scenery" Tourism Resources

Form:

Eight scenic spots

Xiang ‘an Xiatanwei Wetland Park, Binhai Romantic Line, Yuanboyuan, Jimei Xuecun, Qingjiao Tzu Chi Palace and other representative eight scenic spots.

Yuanboyuan/Xiamen Daily reporter Lin Minghong photo

Baxiaojing

Eight scenic spots with unique landscapes, such as Bay Sports Port, Ecological Three Islands and Shuixiu Park.

Combined with the characteristics of scenic spots and the land along the route, we will build observation decks, observation towers, theme parks, landscape sketches and other online celebrity punch points according to local conditions, and rationally plan and construct parking service areas, self-driving camps, supporting restaurants, homestays and other service facilities to meet the diversified needs of tourists for self-driving sightseeing, leisure vacation, parking shopping, catering and accommodation.

Promote the integration of "one belt" and travel

Take national highway G228 as the main line

Improve the construction and tourism resources such as scenic spots and parks along the line.

Interconnected tourist feeder lines and contact lines

A total of 4 tourist feeder lines and 17 contact lines are planned.

According to local conditions, along the national highway G228 and around the road.

Construction of coastal walkways, sports slow lanes,

Integrated slow-moving system such as hydrophilic plank road and park greenway.

Create a collection of commuting, leisure, fitness and sightseeing.

Green slow corridor

A total of 36.2 kilometers of slow-moving systems are planned to be upgraded.

Optimize the allocation of bus lines and bus stops.

Open a special tourist line or a bus around the Bay.

Add wind and rain corridors at important nodes

Improve supporting facilities such as parking along the line.

Planning to add 8 parking lots.

A total of 2,100 berths

Let’s take a look at the Xiamen section of G228 line.

What coastal sections have you passed?

?

Binhai east boulevard

Along Binhai East Avenue, the Egret Stadium of Xiamen Olympic Sports Center was completed and accepted in August 2023. In the next decade, one of the venues of the IAAF Diamond League, one of the three major track and field events in the world, will be located here.

On August 12th, 2023, Egret Stadium of Xiamen Olympic Sports Center passed the pre-acceptance. /Xiamen Daily reporter Wang Xieyun photo)

?

tong an da qiao

Via Tongan Bridge, you can have a panoramic view of the scenery of Bingzhou Island. Not far away, there is the first mangrove-themed wetland park in Xiamen-Xiatanwei Mangrove Wetland Park.

Xiatanwei Mangrove Wetland Park/Xiamen Daily reporter Wang Xieyun photo

?

Binhai west boulevard

On Binhai West Avenue, the asphalt road is straight and spacious, extending forward, and a beautiful picture of half the sea and half the city is slowly spread out in front of you.

The Meifeng Ecological Park, four artistic footbridges, Houtian Shelter and other places along the line are also popular punching points for many citizens and tourists.

There is an artistic footbridge across Binhai West Avenue.

?

Jimei Avenue, Haixiang Avenue and Xingjin Road

Along Jimei Avenue, Haixiang Avenue and Xingjin Road, there are not only modern urban scenery, but also gardens full of natural beauty.

Jimei Xingjin Road/Xiamen Daily reporter Wang Xieyun photo

?

Xinyang Bridge, Ma Qing Road

Along Xinyang Bridge and Ma Qing Road, the city view and sea view complement each other.

Nearby attractions such as Maluan Bay Belt Park and Maluan Bay Ecological Three Islands also attract many citizens to visit.

Maluwan Ecological Sandao Park/Xiamen Daily reporter Lin Minghong photo

?

Haicang boulevard

On Haicang Avenue, as far as you can see, the blue sky and sea water are intertwined, seabirds fly by from time to time, reflecting the waves, green trees flash outside the window, and the coastal scenery is beautiful.

Photo courtesy of Haicang Avenue Landscape/Highway Center of Municipal Transportation Bureau

Original title: "After Xiang ‘an! This section of China’s "most beautiful coastal national highway" has new news! 》

Read the original text

Another year of college entrance examination.

This year’s college entrance examination day just happened to coincide with the Dragon Boat Festival. Xiao Dianjun wishes all candidates "Gao Zongzi" here!

The Chinese exam on the morning of June 7th has just ended, and the "College Entrance Examination Composition" once again reached the top of the hot search list with the attitude of "explosion".

If there are so many questions in the college entrance examination, why can only the composition explode?

After all, after graduation, after mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history and other disciplines are all returned to the teacher, composition is the only big problem that the majority of people who eat melons can still understand.

With all the nine essay questions revealed, people from all walks of life began to analyze and compare, and gave exclusive analysis one after another.

After reading these topics, Xiao Dianjun also studied them and found the secret of solving problems in film and television works.

National Volume I: Love of Labor

Read the following materials and write as required.

"People’s livelihood is diligent, but diligence is not scarce", and labor is the source of wealth and happiness. "Sleeping at night, sweeping the court" and loving labor are the excellent traditions of the Chinese nation, which have continued to this day. But in real life, there are also some students who don’t understand labor and don’t want to work. Some said, "We are so busy studying that labor takes up too much time!" " Some said, "With the rapid progress of science and technology, labor can be left to artificial intelligence in the future!" Others said, "Labor is so hard and tiring, why do you have to do it yourself? Spend some money to let others do it! " In addition, there are some phenomena around us that don’t respect labor.

This has aroused people’s deep thinking.

Please write a speech for the students in our school (collectively referred to as "Fuxing Middle School") in combination with the content of the materials, and advocate that everyone "love labor and start from me", reflect your understanding and thinking, and put forward hopes and suggestions. Requirements: self-made title, self-selected angle, and determined idea; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words.

The title of this question is very clear, that is, "love labor."

Advocating that everyone loves labor can be discussed from three dimensions: looking back at history, focusing on the present and looking forward to the future.

In the past, manual workers were highly respected, and the concept of "the most glorious work" has long been a social consensus. From the founding of New China to the early 1980s, workers not only played an important role in creating wealth, but also enjoyed dignity, a high-spirited spirit and a rich emotional life, which reflected that there were many related cultural works during this period.

Taking movies as an example, there is equality, which is both realistic and emotional to the workers.

At present, there are film and television works featuring ordinary workers, such as "Labor Makes Chinese Dream", "Great Craftsman" and "Extreme Laborer". Through the lens, we find out how the hard work of laborers is related to our food, clothing, housing and transportation, and the value of labor is highlighted.

When enumerating students’ misconceptions in the title, it is said that some people think that "labor can be handed over to artificial intelligence in the future", and the classic animation "Kawara Tsutomu" shows the audience a terrible future without labor.

National Volume II: Youth Patriotism

Read the following materials and write as required.

In 1919, when the nation was in danger, young students in China set off a great patriotic revolutionary movement that was completely anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. In 1949, Chinese stood up! Young people in New China devote themselves to the new journey of motherland construction. In 1979, the "spring of science" was full of vitality, and many students were eager to serve the country and merged into the torrent of reform and opening up. In 2019, the young China triumphed, and the young people in the new era bravely took the baton and swore that "a strong country has me". In 2049, the Chinese nation achieved great rejuvenation, and China youth continued to struggle … …

Please choose one of the following tasks to finish your writing as a young student party.

(1) on May 4, 1919, the speech at the student rally.

(2) on October 1, 1949, after attending the founding ceremony celebration parade, I wrote a letter to my family.

On September 15th, 1979, I wrote a letter to my classmates after attending the opening ceremony of freshmen.

4 On April 30, 2019, I watched the "100th Anniversary of the May 4th Movement".

⑤ On September 30th, 2049, I wrote a National Day condolence letter to a "century-old China meritorious figure".

Requirements: combine the materials, choose the angle, and determine the idea; Fit the identity and background; Conform to stylistic features; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words. ?

This question is so exciting that the examinee is exposed to a specific historical time and space from the beginning of the new-democratic revolution (1919) to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation (2049), from which five landmark historical nodes are selected: the May 4th Movement, the founding of New China, the reform and opening up, the 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement and the 100th anniversary of the founding of New China.

With the vicissitudes of the times, the nation of China has gone through the historical process of standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. The youth always share the same fate with the motherland and shoulder the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

In the movie "Nothing to Ask", we can see that the youth in China have always lived up to their mission, no matter in the past, present or future.

National Volume III: Teacher-student Relationship

Read the following cartoon materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

Requirements: combine the content and meaning of the material, choose a good angle, determine the concept, clarify the style, and draw up the title by yourself; Do not copy or copy; Personal information shall not be disclosed.

It is said that this is an essay question that was put in the People’s Daily.

The night before the college entrance examination, People’s Daily WeChat official account tweeted, "In the last class of senior three, the teacher said, Look at the papers again, and I’ll look at you again."

In the movies, there is an unforgettable image of the head teacher. Under their seemingly strict appearance, they often wrap a heart that loves students.

This year’s low-budget film "Teacher Good" can become a dark horse, and Yu Qian’s tough-looking and soft-hearted teacher contributed a lot.

In the movie, he gave chocolate to every student, which was very sincere and touching. High school life will come to an end, but it doesn’t mean that the teacher-student relationship will also end.

National Chinese Test Paper: I love the Olympics best.

Read the following materials and write as required.

On May 10, 2019, the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was 1000 days. Lai ‘an Middle School held a class meeting on the theme of "I love the Olympics". Xiaohua said: "I like the Olympic motto best: swifter, higher and stronger!" " David said, "I like table tennis player Malone best. I hope that one day I can become a world champion and proudly say’ I am made in China’ like him! " Qi said: "I like the slogan of the Olympic movement best:’ The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not victory, but participation.’ I don’t have any sports expertise, but I often exercise! "

Please write an article according to the content of the material and your experience and thinking.

Requirements: ① Self-made topic, self-selected style. ② No less than 600 words.

③ Do not copy. (4) The candidates’ real names, school names, place names and other information shall not appear in the text.

It can be said that this question perfectly responds to the hot event of "1000 days countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games".When the countdown was 1000 days, Xiao Dianjun, who followed the hot spot, tweeted that the countdown to the Winter Olympics was 1000 days! Has the wind of sports movies finally come?

Now, it seems that the upcoming films about sportsmanship are excellent writing materials!

Beijing volume: the resilience of civilization; The color of 2019

Choose one of the following two questions and answer as required. No less than 700 words. Copy the questions on the answer sheet.

(1) "toughness" refers to the soft and solid nature of the object, which is not easy to break. Chinese civilization, which has gone through wind and rain, continues to this day, embodying the spirit of "tenacity". Looking back at the long history of China, the resilience of this civilization is particularly evident at critical moments. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation needs to stimulate the resilience of this civilization.

Please write an argumentative essay on the topic of "the resilience of civilization". You can talk about your thoughts from the perspectives of China’s historical changes, ideology and culture, language and writing, literature and art, social life and Chinese’s character.

Requirements: clear views, sufficient arguments and reasonable arguments.

2 color refers to color; Different colors are often given different meanings. In 2019, we solemnly commemorate the 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement and celebrate the 70th birthday of the Republic. As a student taking the college entrance examination in this special year, what color will you give to 2019 to vividly express your feelings and understanding?

Please write a narrative with the theme of "Color in 2019".

Requirements: healthy thinking, substantial content, sincere feelings, using narrative, description and lyric and other expressions.

Tianjin Volume: Patriotism in Different Periods

Read the following materials and write as required.

Yes, the present China is broken, the country is harmful and the people are poor, but who can assert that China does not have a bright future? No, never. We believe that China must have a bright future to praise. ?— — fang zhimin

The country belongs to everyone. Patriotism is a personal duty. — — Tao Xingzhi

??

If you can make a small wave and roar into the torrent of devotees to promote the development of human history, I think this is the most proud thing in your life. — — danian huang

?　　

以上材料触发了你怎样的思考和感悟？请据此写一篇文章。

要求：① 自选角度，自拟标题；② 文体不限(诗歌除外)，文体特征明显；③ 不少于800字；④ 不得抄袭，不得套作。

北京卷、天津卷和全国Ⅱ卷的作文题有异曲同工之处，都以“爱国”为核心。

今年是五四运动100周年、新中国成立70周年的重要历史节点。在电影界，“献礼新中国70华诞”也是今年的核心主题之一，即将与观众见面的《中国1949·香山之春》等电影都展现了中国电影人的家国情怀。

上海卷：中国味

倾听了不同国家的音乐，接触了不同风格的异域音调，我由此对音乐的“中国味”有了更深刻的感受，从而更有意识地去寻找“中国味”。

这段话可以启发人们如何去认识事物。请写一篇文章，谈谈你对上述材料的思考和感悟。要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800字。

这里的“中国味”小电君认为是一种民族特色。

拿墨西哥导演阿方索·卡隆来说，其惊为天人的长片处女作就十分具有墨西哥特色。

卡隆刚到好莱坞发展时，执导《小公主》《远大前程》等电影屡屡受挫，一度迷失自我。正是重新回到墨西哥，执导让他找到了自己独特的“墨西哥味”。

This kind of creation rooted in Mexico has enabled Caron to persistently explore his own historical context after his success.

Caron’s new work, regarded as a "personal letter", still focuses on the surging tide in Mexico, which won him many important awards such as Oscar for best director.

Zhejiang Volume: Writers and Works

Read the following text and write as required.

There is a view that writers should keep readers in mind when writing and listen to their voices.

Another view is that writers should stick to their own ideas and not be influenced by readers when writing.

If you are a "writer" who creates life and your life becomes a "work", how will you treat your "readers"?

Write an article according to the material and talk about your opinion.

[Note] ① Self-determination, self-selection of angles and self-drafting of topics. (2) clear style, shall not be written as poetry. ③ No less than 800 words. (4) shall not be copied, interplanting.

Changing "writer" to "director" and "work" to "film" in Zhejiang Volume also highlights the dilemma of current film creation: whether to cater to the audience or focus on self-expression.

Specific to the individual, that is, when choosing, do you listen to others’ opinions or obey your heart?

In fact, these two aspects are not completely opposite, and other people’s opinions are not necessarily unified. While accepting others’ opinions with an open mind, we must also insist on ourselves.

Take the film adapted from a real person as an example, the hero with the lowest score successfully got into a famous university.

The establishment of the goal comes from the suggestion of the cram school teacher, and in the process of hard work, there are doubts from the father and others. Shayega’s success is to strike a balance between listening to others’ opinions and sticking to himself.

Jiangsu roll: water and salt

According to the following materials, choose the angle, make your own topic, and write an article of not less than 800 words; Besides poetry, the style is optional.

Everything has its own characteristics, water is light and salt tastes good. Water with water or water, salt with salt or salt. Sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty, five flavors are harmonious, coexist and coexist, and there are many flavors. Things are like this, things are still the same, and so are people.

Among many essay questions in the college entrance examination, the topic of Jiangsu volume is very special and difficult to grasp. No wonder some netizens spit out: "Water+salt is the tears left by my writing in Jiangsu."

Xiao Dianjun believes that this problem can be described from the perspectives of letting a hundred flowers blossom, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and adapting to local conditions.

Everything and everyone has their own characteristics. In movies, it is precisely because teachers find the personalities of so-called "bad children" and "stupid children" and follow their nature that they help children grow up.

That’s all the essay questions. After reading Xiao Dianjun’s analysis, do you also want to talk about something? Welcome to leave a message!

Finally, I wish the majority of candidates a smooth exam tomorrow! Those who don’t take the exam will always keep their intellectual peak!

Henry) said in the book "American Carnival: Newspapers Besieged by New Media": "In the past, journalists came from working-class families and could teach spoiled money sisters how to make doughnuts with coffee. In the eyes of ordinary people today, journalists are all people who receive a large sum of money to make noise in cable news regularly. Host program …

　　Cctv newsThe Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the Civil Aviation Administration of China jointly issued the Outline for the Development of Green Aviation Manufacturing Industry (2023— 2035), proposedBy 2025,The performance of domestic civil aircraft in energy saving, emission reduction and noise reduction has been further improved, the level of aviation green manufacturing has been comprehensively improved, the development of green aviation industry has achieved phased results, and a safe and effective guarantee system has been basically established. Domestic civil aircraft using sustainable aviation fuel have achieved demonstration application, electric navigable aircraft have been put into commercial application, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) have achieved pilot operation, key technologies of hydrogen energy aircraft have been verified, and green aviation infrastructure has been continuously consolidated, forming a number of public service platforms for standards, specifications and technologies, effectively supporting the construction of green aviation production system and operation system.By 2035,A green aviation manufacturing system with integrity, advancement and safety will be built, and new energy aircraft will become the mainstream of development. The safety, environmental protection, economy and comfort of domestic large civil aircraft will reach the world-class level, and the new general aviation equipment with unmanned, electric and intelligent technical characteristics will be commercialized and applied on a large scale.

Outline of development of green aviation manufacturing industry

（2023— 2035)

　　Developing green aviation manufacturing industry is an inevitable requirement to cope with climate change and realize the sustainable development of aviation industry, an important direction of the new round of aviation science and technology revolution and industrial transformation, and an important strategic measure to enhance the future competitiveness of aviation manufacturing industry. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a decision to promote new industrialization and the development of high-end, intelligent and green manufacturing. In order to implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, seize the opportunity of aviation power reform, and accelerate the cultivation of new aviation industry formats, this outline is formulated.

　　One,Development background

　　(A) High-quality development puts forward new requirements for green aviation manufacturing.

　　High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and new and higher requirements are put forward for the development of aviation manufacturing industry in the new era.One isGreen development is the inevitable requirement to realize the sustainable development of aviation industry and the core key to enhance the future competitiveness of aviation manufacturing industry. The major developed countries in the world attach great importance to the development of green aviation and seize the new field and new track of aviation power reform.The second isThe development of green aviation manufacturing industry has opened up new technical paths, product forms and application scenarios, and it is urgent to speed up the construction of a high-level aviation science and technology innovation system that meets the requirements of green development.The third isThe existing aviation technical standard system, airworthiness management system and operation service system need to be updated and upgraded urgently to meet the development needs of green aviation manufacturing industry.

　　(B) China’s green aviation manufacturing industry faces major strategic opportunities.

　　Vigorously promoting the construction of manufacturing power, transportation power and aviation power has provided a rare historical opportunity for China’s aviation manufacturing industry to open up a new green aviation track.One isChina’s air transport, logistics and distribution, urban air transport, aviation emergency rescue and other fields have huge potential markets.The second isChina’s electric vehicles, rail transit and other new energy equipment fields have accumulated technological advantages and formed an advanced industrial base, which provides an opportunity for the green development of aviation manufacturing.The third isA new round of scientific and technological revolution promotes the accelerated integration of new energy, new materials, new generation information technology and aviation science and technology, and related technologies such as batteries, motors, sensors and flight control systems continue to break through, and new modes such as shared travel and smart cities continue to develop, which brings great opportunities for the green and intelligent transformation of aviation manufacturing industry.

　　(C) China’s green aviation manufacturing industry has a good foundation.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership and great attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, all departments have strengthened top-level planning, coordinated the central and local governments to speed up the layout, deployed new technologies and products of green aviation ahead of schedule, promoted the industrialization process, and accelerated the development of green aviation manufacturing industry, and achieved positive results. Green, efficient, safe and low-noise aircraft design, manufacturing and verification technologies are continuously updated and iterated; The development level of light and small fixed-wing electric aircraft and multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles ranks in the forefront of the world; Electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), flying cars and other products are rapidly emerging, and some areas have formed industrial advantages.

　　Generally speaking, in the coming period, the development of China’s green aviation manufacturing industry will face both important strategic opportunities and many new challenges. We must base ourselves on the present and focus on the long-term, systematically plan and make overall plans to open up a new situation of high-quality development of green aviation manufacturing industry.

　　Second,General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the ecological civilization thought of the Supreme Leader, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept based on the new stage of development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, closely follow the goal of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, take the high-quality development of aviation industry as the theme, and take technological change, power change and operation system change as the main line. Coordinate and promote the construction of innovation system, industrial system, demonstration application system and service guarantee system of green aviation manufacturing industry, cultivate new formats of green development of aviation industry, create new kinetic energy of green development of aviation manufacturing industry, and provide strong support for the construction of manufacturing power and aviation power.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Market-led, government-guided.Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, highlight the dominant position of enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, and actively explore the commercialization path of new energy aircraft. Give full play to the role of the government, strengthen top-level guidance, strengthen industry management and services, optimize industrial layout, guide the development of industrial norms, and promote the formation of a unified, competitive and orderly market environment.

　　Leading by innovation, integrated development.Adhere to innovation-driven development, accurately grasp the development direction of green aviation innovation, focus on frontier areas, strengthen the exploration and verification of new technologies and models, establish and improve a coordinated and efficient innovation system and industrial chain supply chain, and continuously enhance industrial competitiveness and innovation. Promote the integration of digitalization, intelligence and greening, strengthen the integration and development of upstream and downstream industrial chains, large, medium and small enterprises, strengthen cooperation at home and abroad, build advanced manufacturing clusters, and form a new pattern of gathering intelligence to tackle key problems.

　　Overall layout and systematic promotion.Adhere to the system concept, overall planning and strategic layout, and coordinate the current and long-term, macro and micro development of green aviation. We will organically combine the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening structural reform on the supply side, systematically promote the transformation and upgrading of aviation manufacturing industry, product supply, industrial development and service support, and realize the unity of quality, structure, scale, efficiency and safety of green aviation manufacturing industry.

　　(3) Development goals

　　By 2025,The performance of domestic civil aircraft in energy saving, emission reduction and noise reduction has been further improved, the level of aviation green manufacturing has been comprehensively improved, the development of green aviation industry has achieved phased results, and a safe and effective guarantee system has been basically established. Domestic civil aircraft using sustainable aviation fuel have achieved demonstration application, electric navigable aircraft have been put into commercial application, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) have achieved pilot operation, key technologies of hydrogen energy aircraft have been verified, and green aviation infrastructure has been continuously consolidated, forming a number of public service platforms for standards, specifications and technologies, effectively supporting the construction of green aviation production system and operation system.

　　By 2035,A green aviation manufacturing system with integrity, advancement and safety will be built, and new energy aircraft will become the mainstream of development. The safety, environmental protection, economy and comfort of domestic large civil aircraft will reach the world-class level, and the new general aviation equipment with unmanned, electric and intelligent technical characteristics will be commercialized and applied on a large scale.

　　Third,Development path

　　Adhere to multi-technology routes and actively explore new fields and new tracks of green aviation. According to the maturity of technology, we will steadily push forward technical research. During the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period, small aircraft will focus on electric power, and medium and large aircraft such as trunk lines will adhere to the coexistence of new aerodynamic layout, sustainable aviation fuel and hybrid power. At the same time, we will actively explore technical routes such as hydrogen energy and liquefied natural gas (LNG) to lay out future industries.

　　(A) "Green+"to promote the upgrading of the civil aircraft industry

　　Promote the optimization and improvement of existing domestic civil aircraft, realize the weight reduction, drag reduction, noise reduction and lift increase of domestic general-purpose aircraft, helicopters and trunk and regional aircraft through various means, improve the multi-power level, and continuously improve the economy and environmental friendliness of domestic civil aircraft. Accelerate the construction of aviation green manufacturing system, promote the green and intelligent upgrading of production processes and processes of civil aircraft enterprises, develop aviation remanufacturing mode, improve the life cycle management of green aviation technology/path, promote the assessment of carbon footprint of the whole industry chain, and reduce energy resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. Strengthen the application verification of sustainable aviation fuel in domestic civil aircraft and engines.

　　(2) Open up a new field of electric aviation.

　　Facing the application scenarios of urban air transport, emergency rescue, logistics and transportation, we will accelerate the application of innovative products such as eVTOL, light and small fixed-wing electric aircraft, new energy drones, and form the supply capacity, operational support capacity and industrialization development capacity of electric aircraft oriented by typical scenarios, and create a new economic growth pole. Encourage the demonstration operation of green aviation, and promote the commercial operation of light and small fixed-wing electric aircraft and eVTOL. Accelerate the integration of eVTOL into the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, establish a unified management platform for open space Zhilian, build a low-altitude Zhilian network, and initially form a safe, convenient, green and economical urban air transportation system. According to the demand of market application scenarios, combined with the development of pure electric propulsion technology and turbine hybrid electric propulsion technology, the pre-research of new energy commercial aircraft was carried out from small to large.

　　(3) Layout of new tracks such as Hydrogen Energy Aviation.

　　Actively deploy the research and development of key technologies of hydrogen energy aviation, speed up the research of core key technologies such as hydrogen storage devices and power devices, and carry out research on new structural layout technologies suitable for hydrogen energy aircraft. Promote the theoretical research and technical verification of hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen internal combustion engine, hydrogen turbine and hydrogen turbine hybrid aircraft, and open up the technical application mode of collaborative innovation with the upstream and downstream of hydrogen energy industry. Focusing on the future development trend of hydrogen energy aviation, explore a new mode of commercial hydrogen energy aircraft operation system. Actively explore the application methods and paths of LNG and other energy sources in the aviation field.

　　Fourth,primary mission

　　(A) to build a collaborative and efficient green technology innovation system

　　1. Strengthen key core technologies of green aviation.We will continue to promote technological upgrading in the fields of general, pneumatic, structural, engine, airborne, materials and manufacturing processes, accelerate the development of hybrid propulsion systems, and continuously improve the level of energy conservation, emission reduction and noise reduction of trunk and regional aircraft and general-purpose aircraft. Accelerate the development of aviation power battery technology with high energy density, high discharge efficiency and high safety, as well as aviation electric propulsion technology with high reliability, high power-to-weight ratio and high efficiency. Strengthen the research on high-efficiency gas turbine-electric energy fusion technology. Guide superior enterprises and research institutions to continuously break through intelligent, high-reliability, lightweight and low-cost energy control and flight control technologies, and carry out technical research on the overall design of new energy aircraft, energy system design, and all-motor-borne system. We will continue to explore key technologies of hydrogen-powered aircraft such as hydrogen fuel storage technology, hydrogen fuel cell technology, hydrogen internal combustion, hydrogen turbine engine technology, hydrogen turbine hybrid electric propulsion technology, and energy integrated management technology. Facing the strategic needs of national green aviation development, we should speed up the basic research of layout and application, and solve the source and underlying technical problems that restrict the development of green aviation.

　　2. Establish and improve the collaborative innovation mechanism.Strengthen the dominant position of green aviation enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote the gathering of various innovation elements to enterprises, support enterprises to enhance their innovation capabilities, and fully stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises. Promote the deep integration of innovation chain and the industrial chain, build a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market orientation and deep integration of Industry-University-Research, establish a commercial green aviation industry technological innovation center and innovation consortium, create a new energy storage manufacturing innovation center, and accelerate the development of key common technologies of green aviation and new energy aircraft products. Strengthen cross-border integration between industries, rely on the common technologies and industrial bases of new energy vehicles, ships, rail transit and other industries, promote the development of green aviation, and build a mutually beneficial and synergistic relationship. Actively promote the cooperation between manufacturing and operation, and accelerate the promotion of green and low-carbon technologies.

　　3. Strengthen the training of professional talents.For sustainable aviation fuel, electric aircraft, hydrogen energy aircraft and other fields, colleges and universities are encouraged to strengthen the construction of knowledge maps in green aviation-related fields and promote the construction of teaching resources and demonstration courses. Encourage industry enterprises to actively cooperate with universities, speed up the training of interdisciplinary and compound talents of green aviation technology, and form a gradient and multi-level ecological structure of talent training to support collaborative innovation.

　　(B) Building an open and integrated green aviation industry system

　　4. Develop aviation green manufacturing.Vigorously promote green design technology, develop green surface treatment, clean processing and low energy consumption technology, and build a green manufacturing technology system for environment, energy and materials. Promote the integration of aviation manufacturing technology with next-generation information technologies such as industrial Internet, big data, 5G and general artificial intelligence, improve the management level of energy, resources and environment, and build a number of green intelligent manufacturing factories. Develop recycling methods of metals, composite materials, power batteries, etc., and promote the formation of a new format of scrapping, dismantling and recycling of aviation equipment.

　　5. Build a green aviation industry chain.Give full play to the role of host enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of green aviation, and strengthen the gradient cultivation of high-quality enterprises. Give full play to the advantages of host enterprises in technology, standards, capital and talents and the supporting role of small and medium-sized enterprises in industrial innovation and strong chain stability, focus on electric aircraft, accelerate the formation of safe and efficient modern industrial chains such as motors, batteries, flight control and materials, and continuously improve the toughness and safety level of the industrial chain. Promote the integration of manufacturing and operation of host enterprises, and explore a safe, efficient and economical business operation model.

　　6. Deepen international cooperation in green aviation.Strengthen policy communication, technical exchange, project (technical) cooperation and personnel training in the field of green aviation development, encourage research institutions, universities and enterprises to actively participate in the formulation of relevant international standards and rules, and build an international technical innovation cooperation platform for green aviation. Encourage enterprises to face the development of green aviation, actively "bring in" and "go out", integrate into the supply chain system of international green aviation industry chain, and explore the international green aviation market.

　　(C) building a market-oriented green demonstration application system

　　7. Promote the pilot demonstration of regional application of new energy aircraft.Relying on advantageous areas, we will build a demonstration zone for green upgrading of domestic aviation equipment. Encourage all regions to carry out pilot demonstration applications of electric navigable aircraft and eVTOL in combination with the foundation and demand of regional economic development, and explore new modes of technology and equipment system, application scenarios and commercial operation. Encourage areas with basic conditions to lay out green aviation key technologies, product schemes, safety verification and other test bases.

　　8. Carry out the pilot application of sustainable aviation fuel on domestic civil aircraft.Based on the mature application of sustainable aviation fuel, the pilot verification of different blending ratios was carried out on domestic civil aircraft. Actively carry out the construction of standards, systems and norms for the use of sustainable aviation fuel in domestic civil aircraft.

　　(D) Building a safe and effective service guarantee system

　　9. Build a green aviation industry regulations and standards system.Adhere to the standards and regulations first, standards and regulations lead, and accelerate the development of standards in the fields of sustainable aviation fuel, green manufacturing, aircraft dismantling, etc., and promote the industrialization of key technologies according to the relevant standards system of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in the industrial field. Focusing on the safety, technical performance and market operation of new energy aircraft products, we will speed up the formulation of industry standards and vigorously develop group standards. Carry out preliminary demonstration of hydrogen energy related standards, and study and establish a hydrogen energy aviation standard system. Promote the construction of green aviation measurement system, strengthen the research on measurement standards related to green aviation, and promote the improvement of measurement standards and breakthroughs in measurement technology in key areas.

　　10. Build a green aviation airworthiness certification system.Improve the airworthiness certification method of sustainable aviation fuel and actively promote the airworthiness certification of alternative fuels. Strengthen the cooperation between the industrial side and the airworthiness certification party, and accelerate the establishment of the airworthiness certification system and the sustainable airworthiness system for new energy aircraft. Strengthen the initial airworthiness certification of electric aircraft in the fields of flight performance, structural strength, airborne support, etc., and accelerate the airworthiness certification of new energy aircraft that is urgently needed by the market. Carry out preliminary research on airworthiness certification technology of hydrogen energy aviation to accelerate the development of hydrogen energy aviation.

　　11. Establish a green aviation safety supervision system.By using technologies such as 5G, Beidou, LEO satellite Internet and ADS-B, we will develop satellite-based communication, navigation and monitoring applications, strengthen the research and verification of the integrated operation of manned aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles, promote the digitalization and intelligence of green aviation service supervision, and build a low-altitude Internet of Things with interconnected facilities and information. Strengthen the market supervision of new energy aircraft, establish and improve the design quality assurance system of new energy aircraft, and study and demonstrate the safety management policies of new energy aircraft. Promote the establishment of third-party technical testing and inspection institutions.

　　12. Promote the construction of a new supporting system for ground infrastructure.According to the existing infrastructure conditions and economic affordability in various places, we will study and demonstrate urban air transport, logistics distribution and other facilities networks, and promote their inclusion in the layout planning of urban transportation infrastructure. Coordinate the technical development of new energy trunk and regional aircraft and the adaptability of existing airport facilities. Study and build a multi-scene and multi-level landing point network, which has the functions of ensuring the take-off and landing, parking and charging of eVTOL and other aircraft.

　　Five,Organize implementation

　　(1) Strengthen the implementation of the outline.

　　Strengthen the organization and promotion of the development of green aviation manufacturing industry, and strengthen resource planning and policy coordination. Strengthen departmental coordination and linkage between central and local governments, and actively promote relevant departments to implement measures in detail. Relevant regions can study and formulate implementation guidelines and action plans for the development of local green aviation manufacturing industry according to the outline deployment and local actual conditions, and formulate detailed support policies and supporting measures.

　　(2) Strengthen policy support.

　　Give play to the role of government procurement and promote relevant departments and local governments to actively purchase and use green aviation equipment. Support the popularization and application of green aviation equipment through the first (set) of major technical equipment insurance compensation. Give full play to the role of national industrial integration as a platform and encourage enterprises to make good use of financial support policies such as green funds, green bonds, green credit and green insurance. Encourage enterprises to make full use of market-oriented investment and financing channels. Promote social capital to actively participate in the development and operation of green aviation equipment by means of financial leasing and equity investment.

　　(3) Strengthen publicity and guidance

　　Support industry associations, industry alliances, professional organizations, etc. to vigorously promote and promote green aviation through scientific and technological innovation activities and aviation culture science popularization, so as to improve the recognition and acceptance of green aviation by the whole society. Support the holding of international professional exhibitions and forums in the field of green aviation, promote industry exchanges and information sharing, and create a good atmosphere for the development of green aviation manufacturing. Strengthen forward-looking and strategic research and decision-making consultation on major issues, and guide the formation of a consensus on industrial development.

　　(4) Strengthen safe development.

　　Adhere to safety first, carry out publicity and education on new energy aviation safety, and enhance the safety awareness of enterprises and related employees. Guide enterprises to establish and improve the quality management system of new energy aircraft, implement the safety management responsibility system, and ensure the reliable quality and safe operation of new energy aircraft.

CCTV News:Aircraft carrier, the country’s heavy weapon. Approved by the Central Military Commission, the first domestic aircraft carrier was named "Shandong Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy" with the ship number "17". Since then, China Navy has entered the era of dual carriers.

China’s first domestic aircraft carrier, Shandong Ship, was delivered to the Navy at a military port in Sanya, Hainan on the afternoon of 17th. With the approval of the Central Military Commission, the first domestic aircraft carrier was named "Shandong Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy" with the ship number "17".

When asked about the main reason why the second aircraft carrier was officially named Shandong Ship, Cheng Dewei, a spokesman for the Navy, said that the Regulations on Naming Naval Ships clearly stated that cruisers and ships of amphibious assault ship and above were named after administrative provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. According to this regulation, the second aircraft carrier in China was named "Shandong Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy", taking into account various factors such as the willingness of provinces and municipalities to apply. In addition, according to the naming convention of ships, in order to keep the carrier’s ship number connected orderly and neatly, the Shandong ship’s ship number was postponed to "17" on the basis of Liaoning ship.

All the components of the first domestic aircraft carrier were made in China.

In view of "what progress and improvement has Shandong ship made in technical performance compared with Liaoning ship?" Cheng Dewei said that Shandong Ship is based on domestic independent design and construction, focusing on solving problems such as overall design of aircraft carrier, hull construction and localization of main power equipment, and improving comprehensive operational efficiency and comprehensive support level.

China’s second aircraft carrier, Shandong Ship, started construction in 2013. In 2016, the officers and men who received the aircraft carrier began to station in the aircraft carrier. On April 26, 2017, the ship was launched in Dalian Shipyard, and on May 13, 2018, it went to sea for the first time. It is reported that tens of millions of components of China’s first domestic aircraft carrier are all made in China, which has achieved completely independent design, independent construction and independent matching.

Shandong Ship Delivered to China Navy to Enter the Double Carrier Era.　

　

Aircraft carrier, the country’s heavy weapon. On September 25th, 2012, China’s first aircraft carrier completed its construction and trial voyage as planned, and was officially delivered to the navy. It was named "Liaoning Ship of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy" with the ship number "16". From this day on, China has its own aircraft carrier. Only two months later, on November 23, 2012, the pilot Dai Mingmeng successfully landed the aircraft carrier Liaoning with the domestic J -15 carrier aircraft, which broke through the key flight technologies such as take-off and blocking the landing, and attracted worldwide attention.

Since then, from the offshore to the far sea, from single ship to formation, Liaoning ship has been maneuvering across the sea for many times and completed hundreds of scientific research experiments and training tasks.

On December 15, 2016, the actual use of weapons by the Liaoning ship formation, the J -15 carrier-based fighter and the Liaoning ship launched more than ten missiles of various types, and accurately hit the target.

Just 10 days after the actual use of weapons exercises, the Liaoning carrier formation entered the western Pacific through the Miyako Strait, breaking through the first island chain for the first time to carry out cross-regional offshore training. Under the harsh sea conditions and climate conditions, several batches of J -15 carrier-based fighters took off from the flight deck of Liaoning ship, and carried out a number of training tasks such as refueling and air confrontation in the air. After completing the training tasks, they stopped the ship in Liaoning ship and tempered the integration ability of aircraft carriers.

On April 12, 2018, after participating in the maritime military parade held by the Central Military Commission in the South China Sea, the Liaoning ship immediately went to the training ground from the parade ground. Liaoning carrier formation has intensively carried out multi-course training in the South China Sea and the Western Pacific Ocean, and the systematic training of carrier formation has gradually normalized.

Lu Qiangqiang, Deputy Captain of Liaoning Navy:From the beginning, we put forward that Liaoning ship is a training ship for test ships, and now it has gradually formed its combat capability. I think this is what all officers and men expect to see, and it is also what Chinese people want to see. Then it should be said that through the improvement of our equipment and the improvement of training level in recent years, we have become more and more confident. Our Liaoning ship is changing from a training ship and a test ship to a fighting ship, and I believe this process should be faster and faster.