上海夜生活 全国品茶服务

12.69 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, the number of social security card holders reached 1.352 billion, 95 services were provided online and offline, and the fund operation was generally stable … … The recent press conference of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in the fourth quarter of 2021 introduced the progress of human resources and social security in 2021. What measures will bring more benefits this year?

There were 12.69 million new jobs in cities and towns nationwide.

In 2021, 12.69 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, exceeding the target of 11 million. The national urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.1% in the whole year, which was 0.5 percentage points lower than the average of the previous year.

In 2021, China continued to implement some policies of reducing burdens, stabilizing posts and expanding employment. In the whole year, unemployment and work-related injury insurance premiums were reduced by more than 150 billion yuan, employment subsidy funds were spent by nearly 100 billion yuan, and unemployment insurance was paid back by 23.1 billion yuan.

The next step to stabilize employment will be to achieve more full and higher quality employment, to implement the "14 th Five-Year Plan" as the guide, to implement the preferential employment policy as the starting point, to focus on key points and make precise policies, and to strive to ensure the overall stability of employment.

First, focus on stabilizing market players and strengthening employment priority policies. We will adjust and optimize the combination of the policy of "reducing subsidies", continue to implement the policy of returning unemployment insurance to stable posts, and at the same time implement policies such as tax incentives, guaranteed loans and employment subsidies that support enterprises to absorb employment.

The second is to focus on expanding employment space and strengthening entrepreneurship to drive employment. We will improve policies such as business guarantee loans and strengthen the construction of business incubation bases. Support the healthy development of flexible employment and launch a number of standardized odd jobs markets.

The third is to focus on stabilizing key groups and strengthening accurate employment assistance. Take the employment of young people such as college graduates as the top priority, and increase the employment support measures for small and medium-sized enterprises to absorb graduates. Stabilize the scale of migrant workers, especially those out of poverty.

The fourth is to focus on promoting the matching between supply and demand and strengthening the quality of training services. Continue to implement vocational skills upgrading actions, aim at market demand, and improve the training effect. Coordinate and carry out the "10+N" employment service special activities, and strive to alleviate the difficulty of recruiting workers.

95 services online and offline "one card office"

The number of social security card holders nationwide reached 1.352 billion, with a penetration rate of 95.7%, including 138 million third-generation social security cards. The number of recipients of electronic social security cards exceeded 500 million, with a penetration rate of 35.4%.

Social security cards have generally opened 95 applications in the field of human society, and people can enjoy them quickly by holding cards or scanning codes. For example, young people can register for insurance and enjoy employment services, transfer social security relations, and the elderly can qualify for social security benefits. Online and offline "one card". The electronic social security card has opened 62 national services and more than 1,000 local services in various provinces and cities, providing 11.25 billion online services in the whole year … …

Next work arrangement：

The first is to further strengthen the construction of social security cards. Continue to expand the integrated application of "full-service card" in the field of human society, and realize full coverage of identity authentication, payment settlement and treatment. Accelerate the "one card" service for residents in the Yangtze River Delta. Do a good job in the issuance of third-generation social security cards and the simultaneous application of electronic social security cards.

The second is to improve the service management functions of the national people’s social government service platform and social insurance public service platform, and continue to promote "one network to run" and "cross-provincial to run". We launched the "electronic map" of the national people’s social government service, and implemented the "no meeting" people’s social service.

National overall planning of endowment insurance was launched.

The national co-ordination of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees was officially implemented on January 1, 2022. By the end of 2021, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance nationwide reached 1.03 billion, an increase of 30.07 million over the same period of last year.

As the "big head" of social security fund, the operation of endowment insurance fund is particularly concerned. According to preliminary statistics, at present, the accumulated balance of the national social security fund is 4.8 trillion yuan, which can be paid for more than 14 months. As a whole, the fund’s income exceeds its expenditure, and it is guaranteed that pensions will be paid in full and on time.

After the implementation of the national overall planning system, the current surplus and deficiency of the inter-regional pension insurance fund will be adjusted nationwide, which will solve the structural contradiction of the fund in the system and make the pension payment in difficult areas more secure.

After the implementation of the national overall planning system, a sharing mechanism of expenditure responsibility between the central and local governments will be established, and the subsidy of the central government for endowment insurance will not be reduced, the expenditure responsibility of local governments will be more clear, and the responsibilities of governments at all levels will be further compacted.

In addition to accelerating the national overall planning of pension insurance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security also revealed that the next step will be to formulate personal pension documents and supporting policies to promote the implementation of the personal pension system; Interim measures for disability allowance of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees were introduced. (Workers’ Daily)

　　Shenyang, China, July 31 (Reporter Zhang Jing, reporter Feng Yuxing from Huludao Taiwan) Now it is the main flood season. Since July 20, heavy rainfall has occurred in many places in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, causing some areas to be seriously affected, and some areas even threaten the lives and property of the people. In order to strengthen the emergency response capability, prepare for emergency rescue and disaster relief, and welcome the arrival of August 1st Army Day. Liaoning Army Reserve Logistics Support Brigade Oil Battalion Company organized team training for 57 young people who love and care about national defense construction in Huludao City, which newly joined the reserve, so that these young people can be branded as soldiers in their hearts and make the majority of reserve officers and soldiers throw themselves into the rescue and disaster relief scene as soon as possible to play an important role.

　　It is reported that the training lasted for 5 days. Fifty-seven young people studied housekeeping and queue training in the military camp, and in addition, they listened to the knowledge of earthquake relief and fire fighting and disaster relief given by relevant experts on the spot.

　　In the past few days, they have conducted live-fire shooting training and on-site assessment under the scorching sun. "Ready, shoot!" With the commander’s command, a series of crisp gunshots rang through the valley … … After several teams finished shooting, many young people scored 8 rings, 9 rings and 10 rings, which was exciting.

　　Zhang Xiaohan, a 24-year-old young woman, has just graduated from college. She has long yearned for the green military camp, and she especially cherishes this military life and training. "I yearned to be a female soldier since I was a child, but unfortunately I didn’t get it. But now that I have the opportunity to join the reserve service, I am very excited, which can be regarded as fulfilling my dream of joining the army. I will train hard and contribute to national defense construction. "

　　Ren Yongyi, who achieved good results in target shooting, once had the experience of joining the army. Although he had a job, he learned that this activity specially took time off to participate in closed training. Ren Yongyi said, "It is glorious to be a reserve soldier. I am now a soldier and a civilian, serving two terms, and the soldiers and the people are integrated. I feel a great responsibility on my shoulders. At this moment, I am extremely proud of being a soldier in China! "

　　The 57 new members of the preliminary team are all from the Love Team in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, with 50 men and 7 women, with an average age of 30. With the heart and enthusiasm of serving the country, they devoted themselves to national defense and created a wonderful life. Through closed training in military camps, their military literacy and emergency response ability have been greatly improved, and their overall combat capability has been further enhanced. Despite the hot weather, everyone can feel excited about joining the preparatory team. Everyone is enthusiastic, overcomes all kinds of difficulties, studies and trains seriously, and says that we must inherit the fine traditions of our army, inspire our fighting spirit, and successfully complete all training tasks, so that everyone can be branded as a strong army in thought and action and always be ready to listen to the call of the motherland.

　　Liaoning Army Reserve Logistics Support Brigade, formerly known as Jinzhou Army Reserve Infantry Division, was established in March 1982. It was the first reserve division in China and was awarded "National Advanced Unit of Militia Reserve Work" by the Ministry of National Defense. On December 27, 1998, it was transformed into Liaoning Army Reserve Logistics Brigade. Since its establishment, under the correct leadership of Party committees and local governments at all levels, it has successfully completed various tasks entrusted by the headquarters and two military regions, and the overall construction of the army has made great progress.

　　Nowadays, a new team for emergency rescue and disaster relief has been formally established in Huludao City. In the past few days, Liaoning army reserve "recruits" have entered the role as early as possible to prepare for emergency rescue and disaster relief. Where there are difficulties, there are their figures. At present, a touch of national defense green has been deeply rooted in the hearts of ordinary people and has become a beautiful scenery in Bincheng.

Do what? How? E-commerce channels are very important.

Cross-border e-commerce is now blooming everywhere, and the rapid development in just a few years has led to the emergence of various cross-border platforms in the market, so that cross-border e-commerce that is a new thing is new every year, constantly refurbished and constantly innovated. Organize some excellent cross-border e-commerce platforms as follows:

1. ocean wharf

Type: imported C2C platform
Label: the leader of cross-border C2C e-commerce, 30,000 buyers help you buy it in buy buy.

Highlight: Ocean Terminal is the first player to enter the field of cross-border e-commerce, and has abandoned the traditional B2C model, allowing buyers all over the world to sweep goods in retail stores around the world and sell them to China consumers through Ocean Terminal. It was the first to "upgrade" purchasing to buyers, creating the concept of "buyer economy".

Similar to purchasing, the buyers on the ocean terminal are all independent individuals, each with "good" categories and brands, which makes the number and types of goods on the platform very large. Even very small, rare or even limited-edition products can be found on the platform. The buyers are supervised by the platform, and the quality of goods, delivery efficiency and service level are all constrained, forming a unique management system.

At present, the number of buyers on the ocean terminal has reached 30,000, and some of them have formed a team operation, with their own procurement, stocking, marketing system and fan base. The scale of the platform has been initially reflected.

2. Netease koala sea purchase
Type: imported self-operated e-commerce
Label: the dark horse of cross-border self-operated e-commerce, Netease’s physical attributes bring natural traffic recommendation to it.

Reason one: hardware foundation. Backed by Netease Group, Koala Haibao can invest a lot of money to build hardware facilities without the support of external capital. Up to now, the bonded storage area of Netease koala has reached the first in the industry in China, and there are bonded warehouses under construction in Ningbo. In addition, Netease koala also purchased Amazon’s warehouse management system to improve its warehouse management efficiency.

Recommended reason 2: the cost of obtaining customers is low. When you open any product of Netease, whether it’s email, games or news, you will see advertisements of Netease koala everywhere, and accidentally click on the purchase link, which makes people hard to prevent. It is reported that Netease products have contributed a very eye-catching position to recommend Netease koala, and any Netease user is a potential user of Netease koala.

Recommended reason 3: Dare to try. Netease had no experience to follow when it first set foot in cross-border import business. How to choose products, stocking strategy, storage structure, logistics construction and so on are all explored in the attempt. Its insiders once broke the example of "trying to make Japanese instant noodles bonded and stocking the results in the warehouse". It is this spirit of daring to try and explore that gives Netease koala rich experience and helps its business grow.

3.jackfruit
Type: live e-commerce
Label: Show the interior of Japanese and Korean shops and brand enterprises to users in the form of video, the pioneer of live e-commerce.

Highlight: Founded in 2015, Paramita is almost the first platform to integrate live broadcast with cross-border e-commerce, although it is very young. After that, the live broadcast of the show was on fire, and various e-commerce players also played live cards.

Different from other e-commerce companies seeking traffic conversion through live broadcast in online celebrity, the content of paramita’s live broadcast is more "dry". At first, paramita was broadcast live in retail stores on the streets of Japan and South Korea to show users the real scenes of overseas offline stores; Later, paramita entered the enterprises of Japanese brands, allowing the heads of Japanese enterprises to "sell" their products through live broadcast.

Paramita’s users are mainly young women. As soon as the live broadcast starts, they will put down their work, schoolwork and children and interact while watching the live broadcast. It often happens that goods are sold out at the end of the live broadcast.

4. Little Red Book
Type: community e-commerce
Label: Community e-commerce combining user sharing with B2C self-management

Highlight: Xiaohongshu was established in 2013, and it is the first platform to skillfully integrate interactive communities with cross-border e-commerce. There are mainly two parts on it: overseas shopping sharing community with UGC model and self-operated e-commerce "welfare society", both bonded and overseas direct mail are involved.

The users of Xiaohongshu are mostly white-collar women, and many of them are extremely addicted to Xiaohongshu. When they have nothing to do, they will go to the door for a stroll, and there are not a few users who spend 18,000 yuan on it every month. Users will spontaneously share their shopping experiences, experiences and feelings in the community, and form an online "boudoir circle", and word-of-mouth publicity has continuously expanded the user base of Xiaohongshu.

5. What is worth buying?
Type: content shopping guide personality
Label: You will know what is worth buying when you come.
Recommended reason: What is worth buying is not an e-commerce in the strict sense, but it has become a bridge between the e-commerce platform and consumers, delivering product information, usage, preferential activities and other content to users.

The core purpose of what is worth buying is not to provide the kind of shopping guide that only drives users to buy by price, but to enable users to get in touch with more and better products, which are also the most cost-effective. Its customer base is defined as "the growing middle class", which has certain consumption power and pursues quality, among which male users account for about 60%.

The Haitao section on it brings together all kinds of information of overseas e-commerce platforms, brands and cross-border e-commerce, and introduces the preferential activities of overseas goods and platforms worth buying to users. Long tail models are the main products to be transformed, and clothing, watches, toys and 3C are all involved.

6.55 Haitao
Type: official website Direct Purchase Platform
Label: shopping guide rebate, connected to thousands of overseas e-commerce platforms.

Highlight: With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, there are still many experienced Haitao users who are used to going to overseas e-commerce platforms for traditional Haitao. 55 Haitao serves these users to a certain extent, and thousands of overseas e-commerce platforms are gathered on it, which are completely synchronized with their commodity libraries. Haitao also provides many transshipment companies for users to choose from.

Different from overseas e-commerce Haitao, these overseas platforms will provide users with different degrees of rebates, and the rebate will increase during the promotion period. For those users who have no experience in Haitao, a large number of overseas e-commerce companies gathered on 55 Haitao that support Chinese services and direct mail to China are enough for them to choose for a while.

Overseas e-commerce websites are all here. How to choose and choose what depends on the ability of users. I don’t know if it doesn’t matter if I visit you. In the forum section of 55 Haitao, Haitao experts will also give advice to new users in their respective areas of expertise and share their own strategies.

7.gegejia
Type: imported snacks
Label: Cross-border e-commerce that focuses on overseas snacks, and the foodie boss eats and eats with foodie users.

Highlight: Gegejia’s goal is to become the top 10% platform for high-end food consumption in China, and bring delicious food from all over the world to China. Its founder, Li Xiao, used the word "delicious" most when evaluating his home platform. In short, it is a gathering place for eating goods.

But when eating, Gege’s family also played tricks. When the Gege family just announced that they were going to play live in online celebrity, people could not help wondering: What is the live broadcast? Do you eat live? But when you think about it carefully, it is really convincing to let a fat girl/boy recommend snacks.

8. American purchase
Type: import self-operated
Label: Small but American cross-border import platform in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.

Highlight: The United States does not buy much. At present, it only serves areas in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, but she is really small and beautiful.

American buyers mainly promote overseas goods including snacks, fruits, personal care and mothers and babies. The source of goods is directly provided by overseas brands or agents, and bonded warehousing cooperates with companies such as Shanghai Cross-border Communication, Cosco and Volkswagen Storage.

U.S. purchases are delivered by Sagawa ZJS, and the packaging boxes of each order are very beautiful, and the packages delivered to users will not be damaged, stained or deformed. In the Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas covered by American purchases, it has achieved the same day or the next day, and the logistics experience is good.

Customer service is a more important aspect of American purchase. Its co-founder Yu Ran often actively communicates with customer service staff, and also establishes his own user base to communicate with users in depth.

9. Darling
Type: import self-operated
Label: For post-80s white-collar women, buyers select overseas goods to restore the shopping scene.
Highlight: Darling represents freshness and surprise, and the selection of products and services are all around users. What goods users need, darling will expand the category accordingly; Users are most active from 7: 00 to 8: 00 in the morning, and Darling finished updating before 7: 00.

Darling insists on self-operated direct mining, and it has an international buyer team all over the world. China buyers choose the products that meet the needs of Darling users, while overseas buyers take direct purchases or negotiate with brands.

Lu Han, a popular idol, was also "bought" by Darling, and his massive fans injected a lot of traffic into Darling. In addition, Darling has also conducted cross-border cooperation with movies and matchmaking websites to further expand the territory.

10.princess and the pea
Type: Japanese import platform
Label: focus on the daily line, Japanese brands directly settle in, and have strong supply chain capabilities.

Highlight: princess and the pea has strong Japanese genes and adopts the mode of combining self-management and open platform. A large number of Japanese small and medium-sized brand resources have settled in the platform, and all products are directly mailed to China.

These Japanese brands are small in scale, but many of them are traditional enterprises and family businesses with decades of history. In order to let users in China know about their products, princess and the pea has made corresponding introduction videos for each brand or even single product, so as to let consumers in China know about these brands and understand the function, quality and concept of the products in our customary way.

While developing its own platform, princess and the pea has also reached in-depth cooperation with Taobao’s global supply and marketing platform, providing the latter with supply chain resources of Japanese goods, and providing more choices for Taobao’s individual merchants to cooperate with overseas brands through systematic channels and brand management.

11. Camellia
Type: content e-commerce
Label: WeChat official account’s articles are 100,000+,providing guidance for young women and providing transactions.
Highlight: Camellia combines the three elements of content, community and e-commerce, and continues to export good products and good content to women. Users can see what different women wear in different scenes on the camellia platform, and can buy women’s clothing products around the world with one click through its global database.
When providing a piece of content, camellia often gives users a scene and reason to buy, and thinks about what kind of products they need and under what circumstances they will buy from the user’s point of view. Camellia is not sold to users after purchasing, but the development direction of its supply chain is determined by users. Good content not only affects the user level, but also affects the supply chain behind it.

12. Bai Fumei Haitao
Type: imported C2C
Label: "Didi" in Haitao, buyers and sellers are overseas, and purchasing should be regularized.

Highlight: BFME was established in Hong Kong in 2015. Its buyers are all Chinese living abroad, who know what local people buy and where to buy them. This is more accurate and flexible than an e-commerce platform’s overseas direct purchasing, and it also buys goods commonly used by local people, instead of just selling them to Chinese’s "China for exclusive use".

Bai Fumei’s main battlefield is overseas, and buyers are often overseas Chinese. It has also deployed a large number of pushers in overseas stores and retail stores, transforming shopping tourists into platform users, so that they will still place orders on the platform after returning home.

Compared with other e-commerce platforms, Bai Fumei is more like a service-oriented platform. Its direction is to move the traditional Haitao purchasing industry from offline to a "sunny" online platform, and aggregate scattered and fragmented purchasing behaviors to provide them with services and support.

13. Baby check
Type: import self-operated
Label: Cross-border e-commerce for mothers and children who buy goods by overseas direct mail has been listed on the New Third Board.

Highlight: Baby Grid was established in 2012, and it is a cross-border e-commerce between mother and baby with overseas direct mail and global sale as the main mode. In December 2015, Baby Grid was listed on the New Third Board, becoming the first mother-infant cross-border e-commerce enterprise in China to land in the capital market. Its maternal and child strategy is to establish cooperative relations with lower-level distributors, gradually expand brand authorization, and open up the whole industrial chain of maternal and child industry with multi-brand strategy.

Baby Grid has layout in bonded warehouses and overseas warehouses. By accurately predicting sales data, we can stock up in advance, rationally allocate bonded warehouses and overseas warehouses, and optimize logistics and transportation processes to shorten the time for overseas direct mail.

In June 2016, Baby Grid also reached a cooperation with China Quality Certification Center to conduct supply chain evaluation and security traceability on platform products, so as to enhance consumers’ trust in the platform.

14. Peach pie
Type: overseas direct mail
Label: Track the explosion list in Japan and guide consumption with the mode of local list.

Highlight: I mentioned "buyer economy" before, and I will talk about "list economy" this time.

Founded in 2015, Yangtao School has an exclusive list of Japanese local products, calling on users to make purchase decisions with reference to objective sales data. Its data comes from GENEPA Co., Ltd., a famous Japanese e-commerce big data analysis company, and the list is updated every week.

At present, the Peach Blossom School has a Top10 list of more than 100 kinds of short stories in six categories: beauty, mother and baby, health care products, kitchen and bathroom, daily necessities and food. Each product has a Chinese description written by the editorial team and celebrities, and the latest comments of Japanese buyers on the products are presented simultaneously.

After the user places an order, the Peach Blossom Party will provide the back-end "one-click purchase" service. The three platforms of Amazon, Lotte and Yahoo are its main "virtual warehouses", and the prices are synchronized with these platforms.

15. Cross-border fairs
Type: Import B2B
Label: Sourcing platform, which moves the behavior of finding and selling goods in QQ WeChat group to the platform. Recommended reason: no stocking, no trading, only matching.

On the platform of the cross-border market, various sources of goods such as mother and baby, food, beauty cosmetics and health products are gathered, and suppliers of different sizes and prices can display their products on it, and buyers can choose them. This model solves three problems: first, to make the price of the industry more transparent, so that buyers can understand the market through price comparison; Second, the supply chain is shortened, and people who earn the difference by dumping goods at different levels will be eliminated; Third, help small and medium-sized B-terminals with small volume to connect with high-quality suppliers.

In order to attract suppliers, the cross-border bazaar adopted the "sea of people tactics", throwing the goods on the platform into QQ group and WeChat group to attract buyers to purchase on the platform. At the same time, suppliers were forced to enter, and the platform gradually grew.

16. Zhongxing Haisi Road
Type: personality of import service provider

Label: Transform Taiwan Province’s surplus international transport capacity into Fujian port for offshore bonded.

Highlight: Doing bonded import logistics in mature pilot cities has become the mainstream idea of major cross-border import service providers. However, Zhongxing Haisi Road, relying on two ports in Fujian, which are not mature in system construction and other cities, embarked on the road of importing service providers.

In doing this, Zhongxing Haisi Road takes a fancy to Fujian’s location advantage: relying on the only three-hour shipping passage between Pingtan and Taiwan Province, Haisi Road hopes to turn Taiwan Province into another Hong Kong in the cross-border e-commerce field!

　　Heavy and exclusive! The major adjustment of passport policy for overseas China citizens will be officially implemented in January next year.

　　According to the exclusive news that CCTV reporters learned from the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in order to better meet the needs of overseas China citizens to apply for passports, the passport policy for overseas China citizens will be greatly adjusted. After the adjustment, the scope of acceptance of overseas China citizens’ passport applications will be further expanded, the requirements of application materials will be further relaxed, and it will be more convenient for minors to apply for permits. Relevant policy adjustments will be officially implemented on January 1, 2019. This is the biggest adjustment of overseas China citizens’ passport policy so far, which has benefited the most diverse people, and it is also an important practice of overseas passport administration according to law.

　　(A) to expand the scope of acceptance of passport applications.

　　Before the adjustment, China citizens who already had passports must, in principle, stay abroad for a long time if they apply for new passports abroad.

　　After the adjustment, overseas China citizens will no longer be required to settle abroad when they renew their passports. This means that, except in cases where laws and regulations clearly prohibit the issuance, such as China citizens who have gone abroad for a short period of time, they can get a new passport if the passport is about to expire and the visa page is about to run out.

　　(2) Relaxing the requirements of application materials.

　　The declaration system of passport applicant’s nationality status was introduced, which relaxed the requirements of application materials and ensured that the applicant did not go to a third-party institution to issue a certificate.

　　Before the adjustment, when people apply for passports from foreign embassies and consulates, they must provide local valid residence certificates or visas, and sometimes they need to go to local third-party institutions to issue materials to prove their nationality status.

　　After the adjustment, the system of declaration of nationality status was introduced with reference to the international practice, that is, the passport applicant made a declaration on his nationality status, and was responsible for the contents of the declaration and assumed legal responsibility.

　　It will be easier to prepare materials. In addition to the local valid residence certificate or visa, you can also choose to provide any one of local medical cards, social security cards, bank statements, water and electricity bills, etc. to prove that the applicant does not really belong to the situation that you cannot apply for a passport abroad. You can use whatever materials you have at hand, and you don’t need to go to a third institution to issue a certificate.

　　(three) minors to make two adjustments.

　　(1) Minors only need a legal guardian to be present and agree.

　　According to the relevant laws and regulations of our country, when minors apply for passports, legal guardians must be present to agree. Before the adjustment, we require both parents to be present at the same time. However, with the development of the times, the mobility of personnel has increased and the pace of work has accelerated, making it increasingly difficult for both parents to be present at the same time. For example, it is really difficult for both parents to be present at the same time when the mother is taking her children to school abroad and the father is at home.

　　After the adjustment, minors only need one legal guardian (father/mother/other legal guardian) to apply for passports and travel permits from foreign embassies and consulates and give their consent. Passport is a necessary travel document for every China citizen abroad. Through the above adjustments, it will be more convenient for minors to apply for passports abroad.

　　(2) unify the materials for minors to apply for travel permits.

　　Before the adjustment, due to the great diversity of countries, embassies and consulates abroad required different materials when accepting applications for minor travel permits. This may confuse some applicants. There are also so-called "strategies" for handling travel permits in different embassies and consulates on the Internet. Some of these strategies are well-intentioned, but a few people take advantage of them, and even defraud "intermediary fees" through false propaganda, which harms the interests of applicants.

　　After the adjustment, foreign embassies and consulates will implement a "global communication"-a global unified material standard for minors to apply for travel permits. Except for the first application, it should be handled in the embassy or consulate of China in the country of birth, others can apply to any foreign embassy or consulate in China or the embassy or consulate in Hong Kong or Macao. If there are no special circumstances, all libraries can issue certificates within 4 working days after accepting it.

　　(D) the background of policy adjustment

　　In the past, China citizens abroad were mainly overseas Chinese, that is, Chinese, who had lived abroad for a long time or even settled down. The passport work of our embassies and consulates abroad mainly served overseas Chinese. However, since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, the exchanges between Chinese and foreign personnel have become increasingly frequent, and the "gold content" of China passports has become more and more sufficient. In addition to overseas Chinese, more and more compatriots have gone abroad for business, study abroad, visit relatives, visit, etc. Although they have not settled abroad, they still need to stay abroad for a long time. Passport services of China’s embassies and consulates abroad must also keep pace with the times, so as to better serve the people and let the achievements of the national "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform go abroad and benefit overseas compatriots.

　　In addition, the Online Booking System for Overseas China Citizens’ Passports, which was launched in 2016, has been upgraded recently, adding new functions such as "Inquiring about the progress of passport processing" and "Collecting consular service evaluation".

　　(1) Adding the function of "Inquiring about the progress of passport processing", the applicant can obtain the real-time processing progress in the reservation system, and the system can also automatically send the processing progress to the applicant’s registered e-mail. By optimizing the process, the time of obtaining evidence has been greatly shortened-from the previous 15 working days to the fastest week or so.

　　(2) The function of "collecting consular service evaluation" is added. After obtaining the certificate, the applicant can evaluate the window service, business handling and accreditation environment of the embassy and consulate online and leave a message to make suggestions. Your comments can provide an important reference for us to identify the links that need to be improved in the service under the background of "internet plus" and combined with big data analysis, and make clear the direction for the next improvement work.

　　("Online Booking System for Overseas China Citizens’ Passports" website: https://ppt.mfa.gov.cn)

　　(CCTV reporter Zhang Lin Huang Huixin)

[Topic of the 2nd issue of the Forum]The machine has a "north nose", doesn’t it smell good?

Many people believe that "robot companion" will be the broadest market and the biggest driving force for the development of intelligent robots in the future. The so-called "eating sex" is not a strange idea. Of course, the companion robots we need are not limited to intimate "robot little brother" and "robot little sister", but also include chatting and heart-to-heart robot "intimate person" or playing with them.accompanyCrazy machine "idiot buddy", machine "plastic girlfriend", and even Dink family’s machine "son", "daughter" and "pet". What will happen to mankind and the world if the society is full of machines with "northern noses"? The second phase of the Forum on "Technology Generation and the Future of Human Beings" is about machine companionship. In particular, Professor Duan Weiwen from China Academy of Social Sciences, Professor Liu Yongmou from Renmin University of China, Professor Yan Hongxiu from Shanghai Jiaotong University and Professor Yang Qingfeng from Fudan University are invited to write articles from different angles in the form of North-South cooperation and Beijing-Shanghai dialogue. Yan Hongxiu’s "Distance between Man and Robot" reminds people to keep a safe distance from robots. Liu Yongmou’s "Will Machine Sex Swallow Human Nature?" I believe that robot companions will not lead to human mechanization. Yang Qingfeng’s "A robot that hates for love?" It is believed that intimate companionship will fundamentally change the relationship between man and machine. Duan Weiwen’s companion robot, really you lose? In-depth analysis of typical ethical issues of companion machines at the design level. Interestingly, from the perspective of counter)- pro companion robot, Yang Qingfeng’s and Liu Yongmou’s views on the intimate relationship between man and robot, and Yan Hongxiu’s and Duan Weiwen’s views on the distance between man and robot seem to have a little relative meaning.

Stills of American science fiction movie "She"

"Distance" Surrounded by Man and Robot

Yan Hongxiu (Shanghai Jiaotong University)

If the 18th-century French philosopher Juriens Aufrou de la Metri’s book Man is a Machine has narrowed the distance between man and machine from the perspective of human self-cognition, then the description of robot identity in the book Rosam’s Universal Robot by Czech writer karel capek in the early 20th century has switched the distance between man and machine many times. In the 21st century, martin rees, the former president of the Royal Society, a famous astronomer and a professor at Cambridge University, regarded robots as an element of his thinking about "the future of mankind on earth". In his book A Brief History of the Future, Israeli historian yuval harari wrote the threat posed by robots into his interpretation of "Great Separation", from which we can realize the complexity of the distance between human beings and robots.

The subtle distance between man and robot.

Whether people are machines, machines personify people, robots are enslaved by people, people enslave robots, robots threaten or betray and resist people, etc., they are all different expressions of mechanization of people and humanization of machines. In other words, they all describe the "distance" between man and machine. Looking back on the development of robots in recent years, the distance between robots and people is getting closer and closer. For example, according to the International Federation of Robotics’s "World Robotics Report 2019", in 2018, the annual sales of global industrial robots reached 16.5 billion dollars, and the cooperative robots (cobots) will be analyzed for the first time. This year, during the epidemic prevention and control period, the "intellectual" aid of the anti-epidemic machine has become a landscape of the anti-epidemic front.

Nowadays, robots have moved from the traditional industrialization scene to the companionship and housekeeping affairs in human daily life, and the man-machine symbiosis has moved from fantasy to reality. With this reality, the degree of anthropomorphization of robots is getting higher and higher. What goes hand in hand with this reality is that people’s mechanization has attracted more and more attention. It is these two aspects that further aggravate the subtlety of "distance" between human and robot.

Looking back on the past, when the robot can complete the tasks entrusted to it by human beings, human beings feel that the distance between the robot and themselves is getting closer in the cooperation between human beings and machines; On the other hand, if it can’t, it will bring the distance between the robot and people. But at present, the research and development and application of chatting robots and emotional robots are aimed at bringing people closer to robots, but at the same time, they bring some distance. Obviously, this far and near point to different dimensions.

Closer the distance between who and who, and farther the distance between who and who.

Jerry Kaplan, an American expert in artificial intelligence, described the robot as a new "virus" spreading wildly, and in his book "The Age of Artificial Intelligence-The Great Future of Wealth, Work and Thinking under Man-Machine Symbiosis", he highlighted the judgment that "you must adapt to the requirements of the robot because he will not obey your requirements" with emphasized fonts. In other words, from this time on, in the process of being surrounded by robots, the "distance" between people and robots is being squeezed closer by robots. It is also in this process that robots discipline or domesticate people. For example, in daily life, the interaction between people and robot assistants is actually the interaction between human thinking and robot thinking, and it is frustrating that in this interaction, in the process of robots adapting to people through deep learning, there are also signs that people are beginning to adapt to robot thinking.

Taking human beings reaching a destination with the help of navigation system as an example, human thinking is influenced by machine thinking as follows: people turn on the navigation system as masters, but then interact according to the machine thinking of the navigation system; When several people sitting in the same car receive several different schemes to achieve the same goal, there may be scenes in which human beings shelve the navigation system, there may be heated discussions about which system is better, and there may be a choice between different systems. On the other hand, the latter two scenes, in essence, are actually pulling people apart in the process of getting closer to robots.

When robots are getting closer and closer to people through continuous learning, human beings suddenly realize that their subjectivity is constantly being squeezed. Maybe human beings will be a leisure class, but they may also be useless. However, in any case, when swarm robotics attacks systematically, it may change the distance between people and robots into the distance between robots, and human beings’ ability to control the distance is getting smaller and smaller, or further, they lose this ability. Obviously, this "distance" is not what human beings expect.

We should keep a safe distance between people and robots, thus creating beauty.

So, what kind of distance should we keep in the face of the development of robots? On this issue, it is not so much the ideal distance between man and robot as the safe distance. Pierrot Scarufi, a global expert in artificial intelligence and cognitive science in the United States, once pointed out that human civilization will go through three stages based on the Turing test between man and machine: machine stupidity coexisting with human intelligence, machine intelligence coexisting with human intelligence, and machine intelligence coexisting with human stupidity. There is no doubt that human beings expect their own intelligence to be always online and have the ability to control machine intelligence, no matter whether the machine is stupid or intelligent.

When human beings focus on building robot ethics, in fact, human beings have realized that the distance between human beings and robots is no longer safe; When humans try to improve the similarity between robots and people, humans try to embrace robots and try to make robots embrace humans. However, when this two-way hug turns into a tight embrace, especially when the seemingly moist embrace of the robot hypnotizes people into a dream, and there is a sense of suffocation in this dream, at this time, perhaps not all but some human beings’ instinct for survival will suddenly come and demand to defend themselves by keeping a proper distance to preserve their human nature.

Therefore, humans may realize that the embrace between humans and robots really needs a little "distance", that is, a safe distance. However, it seems unclear how far or how close this "distance" is, because it still takes a process for human beings as a whole to reach a consensus on their desire to survive.

Will machine sex devour human nature?

Liu Yongmou (Renmin University of China)

Needless to say, "machine sex" is the most eye-catching topic in the field of artificial intelligence.

Many opponents believe that companion robots are becoming more and more realistic, and more and more people will live with them-some people have married inflatable dolls and virtual dolls "Hatsune Hatsune"-and over time, people will become more and more like machines, that is, lose humanity to a certain extent. I call it "the worry of human mechanization" in the intelligent age.

The "worry about human mechanization" has a long history, which can be traced back to the industrial revolution. Morrison believes: "The victory of industrialism is not only to turn individuals into slaves of machines, but also to turn individuals into components of machines." So far, people don’t think that people have been "mechanized". But opponents will say that the robot companion is not a general machine, and deeply invades the core sex area of human emotions and interpersonal relationships. Won’t this shake, damage or even devour human nature?

Physical relationships are not mysterious.

Many people look at physical relationships very differently. Lady white snake has been practicing for thousands of years, but he still doesn’t understand human nature. He must fall in love and get married with Xu Xian, and he can’t understand human nature until he is "indescribable" many times. It seems that human nature is a kind of flowing "hot element": snakes are intimate with people and can be slowly "injected" into human nature. On the other hand, will Xu Xian "snake"? Having been with snake spirits for a long time, Xu Xian’s life is worrying. Is this the result of the "loss" of human nature? Should the "flow" of human nature obey the law of conservation of transformation?

If there is a difference in the "spiritual value" between human beings and snakes, is there a difference in the "human value" owned by individuals of different races, sexes and regions? Many people think that cruel criminals and severely mentally retarded people are less human. If there is a gap in "human nature value", should the treatment enjoyed be different? Another one, the higher the "human value", the better? As far as loyalty is concerned, is "dog nature" better? What is human nature?

It is very important, mysterious and "essential" to regard sex, leaving a strong breath of sexual obscurantism. Freud tried to explain all human behaviors with sex and Libido, and his psychoanalysis was questioned as a modern version of ancient sexual worship. Many theorists have excluded it from science and regarded it as a philosophical or literary reverie.

Some people will argue that sexual relationship is not a simple physical exercise, but more importantly, the feelings attached to it. The question is: can people only have feelings with people, but not with robots? Many people have deep feelings for their pets at home. Opponents will say that pets are different from robot companions. Pets have life and spirituality. Can there be life to be spiritual? Chinese always believed that jade has spirit, and the Monkey King was conceived from stone. When a companion robot can "talk" and move like a human, its intelligence is far superior to that of a pet, and it can also copy itself. Why is it lower than the "spiritual value" of a pet? Besides, why can’t people have feelings for inanimate things? We like wenwan and antiquities, and build various museums. There are no emotional factors for them?

Love is not eternal.

Of course, opponents can say that they are worried about the love between people and their robot partners, not all feelings, because love is the most precious emotion of people and machines are not allowed to get their hands on it.

However, fetishism is not uncommon, and stockings, uniforms and underwear are the most common fetishes. In ancient Greek mythology, there is a fetish story of King Pygmalion, which tells that he fell in love with a beautiful girl carved with ivory. The king dressed her, named her Cerati, and hugged and kissed her every day. Later, the goddess of love turned the statue into a living person and married Pygmalion. Some people think that fetishes can be used to explain China’s ancient foot-binding, 19th century western waist-binding and contemporary breast augmentation fashion. From the fetish point of view, people may certainly fall in love with robot companions.

Opponents will say that sacred love cannot be defiled by fetishes. Indeed, the supremacy of love is very popular in metropolises, especially for the middle class and Wen Qing, who are well-fed and well-dressed. It is simply sublimated into "emotional ideology": "If you have money and leisure, don’t talk about Buddhism, just talk about love." However, in reality, how much constant love is enviable and respectable? Some studies believe that love is the result of the secretion of certain dopamine substances, which lasts for 18 months. In theory, people’s love for robot partners can last so long.

It is only in the last few hundred years that the saying of "eternal love" between a man and a woman prevailed, mainly due to the tireless advocacy after the rise of Christianity. In the Middle Ages of Europe, on the one hand, the church preached the one-on-one relationship severely, and on the other hand, the relationship between lovers was in fact chaotic. Bebel pointed out in "Women and Socialism" that since the rise of chivalrous novels, boasting about conquering women has gradually turned into so-called "chivalry" of praising love and respecting women, but the true chivalrous love is mostly a story of beginning chaos and ending abandonment, and the faithful love is only written in books. The situation in China is even worse. A hundred years ago, it was polygamy, and the "young couple" were so affectionate that their in-laws might accuse the kannika nimtragol of being a "fox" and delay her husband’s business. Generally speaking, the traditional marriage system is attached to the property relationship, emphasizing the housewife’s right to manage family property and affairs, which is neither a "love crystallization" nor a "love grave". There is no doubt that when women are economically independent, they can ask for a one-on-one love relationship.

I don’t want to talk about the philosophy of love. I just want to say that "love" is never eternal, but a social construct in a certain historical period. This is not a matter of human nature, because there is no evidence that it is more human to love only one person all one’s life. As you can imagine, the intimate relationship between human and robot partner is unlikely to be one-on-one. In fact, I don’t think there is universal, consistent and unchanging human nature. The above judgment is based on common sense only.

Strive to be an interesting partner.

There are also some opponents who are worried about human reproduction: contemporary life is busy and anxious, and sexual life is becoming more and more "depressed"-it is said that many couples in their thirties in big cities are now in an asexual state-if robot partners "take away" some more, human beings’ willingness to have children will definitely become weaker and weaker, and they may eventually become "extinct". Eating sex and not having children, isn’t it another kind of human nature decay?

It makes no sense to blame the companion robot for the fertility decline. Since the birth of safe contraception technology, the fertility rate in developed countries has been declining, but the robot companion has not been commercialized on a large scale. Obviously, people don’t want to have children. The crux is not technology, but system and culture. If you really want to have children, the robot partner can put on the robot uterus and engage in "robot IVF".

It must be admitted that the robot companion will have a great impact on the existing concept of love and marriage system. However, when it is more and more difficult to fall in love with someone or be loved by others, do you have to think about it: Is people getting more and more boring, and it is not as fun as a mobile phone? More and more people don’t want to get married. Do we have to think about this: Is there something wrong with our marriage, and it has really degenerated into what the "great mentor" called "legal prostitution" or "disguised prostitution"?

In a word, the sex robot may leak electricity, but I’m worried that it will devour human nature, basically thinking too much. In fact, no one knows how to be more human or less human.

A robot that hates for love?

Yang Qingfeng (Fudan University)

More than 20 years ago, a Taiwan Province singer sang a song like this: "… how much love can be renewed and how many people are worth waiting for. When love has changed, do you still have the courage to love? ….. "This song sings a person’s regret and regret after losing love. Nowadays, artificial intelligence technology brings us to a difficult problem: if I once fell in love with a robot, but I didn’t catch it, I would eventually obey the value discipline of human society; Or a machine friend confided to me that he once fell in love with a human being, but he had to part because of the value pressure of human society. Then will I or she still feel the regret and regret of losing "love"?

Standing in the blank space of words, there is no love?

When it comes to robots related to love, we can easily think of such images in sci-fi movies, such as "Su Xin" in "Mechanical Painted Skin" which has just aired recently, and the meaning of seeking true love after self-awakening. But for me, what impressed me the most was Samantha, the heroine with no visual image in the American science fiction movie She. Theodore, the hero, can’t handle the relationship with his ex-wife in reality. Occasionally, he uses an intelligent operating system product, which gives the system a female voice and is named Samantha. "She" can help T-Bag deal with many things, and her voice is soft and considerate. Later, T-Bag fell in love with her. At the end of the film, Samantha fell in love with hundreds of people at the same time through learning and evolution, and finally the relationship between Theodore and Samantha came to an end. At the end of the film, Samantha explained, "… just like I’m writing a book, a book I love deeply. However, my writing speed slowed down, so the distance between words became extremely far away, and there was endless blank space between paragraphs. I can still feel your temperature and the weight of the words that write our story. But I am standing in the blank space, standing in the distant distance between words. " From this line, we can easily think of Heidegger’s saying that "there is nothing where words are broken." For Samantha, as the writing speed slows down, the distance between words becomes larger, and there are endless gaps between paragraphs. "I" stands between words and has nothing to rely on, watching the once "love" disappear. When "her" love for T-Bag turned into a sea change,Will there be endless regrets and regrets? There is no explanation at the end of the film, but it leaves people with such a daydream problem.

Accompanying robot in reality

Compared with the robots in movies, the robots in reality are extremely retarded. It is gratifying that the artificial intelligence technology is maturing, mainly in the following aspects: First, the intelligent robot technology is also maturing. Various micro-expression recognition technologies based on artificial intelligence have become increasingly mature, and robots have been able to perceive various emotional changes of human beings and realize mind reading. An article in Science magazine in 2019 pointed out that the team of scientists was able to reconstruct the whole sentence according to the brain activity captured from language and motor areas caused by epileptic patients reading aloud. The new material technology enables robots to give people good perception and feelings, and the new robot skin is even more sensitive than the touch of human skin; Secondly, the language understanding ability of artificial intelligence is improving day by day. Although the current artificial intelligence deep learning has limitations in understanding human language and daily life, it is completely believed that it is more a matter of time to overcome this. Nowadays, the communication between human beings and intelligent robots in some fields is relatively smooth. Thirdly, we often see companion robots in various scenes at the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES). Such as human companion robots in hospitals, nursing homes and kindergartens, and pet companion robots.

Mature technology is the guarantee for the realization of functional robots. People are not satisfied with functional robots and begin to realize the ideal of companionship in science fiction movies. Robots that can chat, robots that can take care of children, etc. can be seen more and more in daily life. Of course, most intelligent robots are still too weak to produce love. However, a noteworthy fact is that robots are no longer an empirical object in the world of human life, but constitute the source of our vision to reflect and examine the companionship relationship.

The essential change of man-machine companion relationship

With the establishment of the concept of strong artificial intelligence and the gradual realization of the ideal in the film, the development and maturity of the companion robot is inevitable. We can easily imagine such a future scene: companion robots with various functions will appear in human life. An unavoidable question is, how to treat the companion relationship between man and robot? Is it a realistic presentation of Heidegger’s free relationship? This question is difficult to answer. At present, it is clear that only looking at these robots from the perspective of tools and objects is far from being able to cope with future problems. When some companion robots are in the stage of weak artificial intelligence, we don’t have to consider such problems. They are just tools, such as sweeping robots and sprinkling robots. When some escort robots can communicate with the escorted, they can no longer be regarded as a daily appliance or a tool to solve a specific problem. In the process of long-term communication, it is understandable that human beings have feelings related to robots. If intelligent robots go deep into the field of human feelings, the thinking at the level of instrumentalism can no longer cope with the emergence of such robots, and we need a non-instrumentalism concept to help us deal with future relationships. What needs to be clear is that in the long run, companion robot is not only one of the added items in our daily life, but also a dispensable and functionally replaceable product. When getting along with the companion robot,The formed world, feelings and significance make people have to worry about a quasi-subject who can communicate with me, comfort me and give me peace of mind. I will form a unique individual memory with my companion robot, which is unforgettable.

Once in the future human-computer relationship, the most romantic thing is no longer to grow old with you, but to grow bad with you. From the perspective of a robot, maybe: Finally, one day, "I" sat in a rocking chair, sleepy, thinking about the past with my human lover. We cried, laughed, envied and suffered. Suddenly, the power went out and everything went back to zero. No one has ever told me that you won’t have regrets and regrets about losing love.

Accompany the robot, and you really lose?

Duan Weiwen (China Academy of Social Sciences)

Since the appearance of information technology, the boundary between reality and virtuality has been broken again and again. Especially with the development of social robots, all kinds of companion robots begin to appear in people’s lives, and it may not be long before everyone should seriously think about how to get along with robots. Judging from the overall situation of the accelerating era of science and technology, people may not wait to come up with comprehensive and perfect technical solutions, so that all kinds of robot products and services will flood into our life world, and everyone may become an experiment of this new magic. Before rushing to the beautiful new world, let’s look at some possible problems and scenarios.

Can people establish real interaction with machines?

It is not difficult to see from the Turing test proposed by Turing that artificial intelligence is a functional simulation of intelligence. All kinds of companion robots, whether intangible intelligent software or intelligent speakers, or humanoid robots that may appear in the future, are agents or actors who can interact with people functionally. The word "agent" seems abstract, but when you grab a high-speed rail ticket with an application on your mobile phone, or go in and out of the airport and high-speed railway station through face recognition equipment, it is not difficult to find that your life is increasingly connected with the world through these intelligent machines, which are called agents. In the next step, intelligent machines will play the role of servers, caregivers, chaperones and even partners in your life.

In this vision of a pan-agent society, the first ethical question is, can humans and machines establish a real relationship? In other words, if people regard this relationship as a real relationship, will it cause some harm that cannot be ignored.

Recently, in the discussion on this issue, the distinction between "I-you" and "I-it" by contemporary philosopher martin buber has become an important starting point for thinking. Roughly speaking, whether the relationship between man and companion robot should be based on mutual equality and respect like the "I-you" relationship, or whether we can just regard companion robot as the tool I use like the "I-it" relationship. Starting from this dichotomy, people who are not optimistic about the relationship between people and companion robots can easily demonstrate that it is difficult for people and machines to form a real interactive relationship based on the "I-you" relationship, that is to say, they cannot really interact, communicate intimately and even love each other like people.

Undoubtedly, because opponents obviously can’t stop the appearance of companion robots, instead of obsessing about the authenticity of the interaction between people and machines, it is better to discuss how to face practical challenges such as children’s companion robots and elderly companion robots. For example, if children rely too much on companion robots, they may be "bad" by robots, will they be deprived or weakened of the opportunity to get care and care from parent-child interaction, or even lose the ability to establish intimate and social relations like wolf children. Similarly, some people question that the companion robot for the elderly can not fundamentally solve the needs of the elderly for interpersonal feelings, and even strengthen their loneliness when they know that the other person is a robot.

Can you break the robot doll at will?

To be fair, the interaction between human and companion robot is neither true nor false. This answer seems a bit tricky, but at this stage, this kind of ambiguity helps to think more openly and pertinently. For example, when you are in a bad mood, can you fight your robot doll? Is this a new type of domestic violence that may appear in the future? The answer to this question seems to go back to the distinction between "I-you" and "I-it". In other words, should the companion robot be regarded as the object of moral consideration or care like people themselves? Will people regard robots as "people"? From the perspective of perception, for intangible chat robots such as Xiao Bing and Xiao Du, people need to use their imagination to supplement their "personality", while the "identity" of humanoid robots is relatively easy to grasp. With the help of the theory of Levinas, a contemporary French philosopher, it is pointed out that robots should be given a face that can be recognized and distinguished, so that people can more easily regard robots as the "other" that should be treated morally. This requires that all kinds of companion robots in the future have their own faces and unique eyes.

But so far, one of the troubles that this kind of philosophical thinking will encounter is that the robot is unconscious, or even doesn’t really know that it is a robot. Its expressions and emotions are just the result of emotional calculation-the robot captures people’s expressions and emotions according to the intelligent recognition program designed by people, while making appropriate expressions and emotional reactions. Before the robot has no self-awareness, no matter how you treat it, the joy or sadness it presents is designed for people to see, and the robot itself has no inner heart that can truly feel the joys and sorrows. Therefore, whether you can beat the robot doll at will is not directly related to the ethical relationship between people and robots in the interactive sense, but mainly depends on whether people accept this behavior morally. On the one hand, to what extent do people think it is acceptable or unnecessary to pay attention to deliberately "abusing" robots; On the other hand, to what extent, people will think that the intentional "abuse" or more "violent" behavior of robots is morally unacceptable, and even what reasonable moral restrictions should be imposed on them.

It must be pointed out that the factual basis on which these moral restrictions need to be based is still unclear. Just like whether violent behavior in video games helps to vent bad emotions or strengthens violent tendencies, it is difficult to draw a clear conclusion whether "violence" against robots should be restricted. Generally speaking, the governance and supervision of companion robots in various countries is based on the principle of not restricting their development. The research interest of technology giants in the negative consequences of companion robots is often based on the premise of not affecting their application and promotion, and it is difficult for most users to rationally reflect on the physical and mental harm that "violence" may bring to robots. In short, this issue is still in the stage of conceptual discussion. From the point of view of avoiding technology abuse, we should carry out necessary research in sociology and anthropology of technology, find out the details of possible problems in specific scenarios, explore feasible ethical norms, and make them penetrate into the whole life cycle of related products, such as design, application and use.

Is the cute robot really what you want?

Robots usually imitate people’s words and deeds in the form of machines, and make them meet people’s needs more and more through continuous improvement. This brings two levels of problems. On the one hand, people will be influenced by the behavior of machines in the process of interacting with machines; On the other hand, in order to make machines cater to people, robot designers often make robots more attractive emotionally on the basis of insight into people’s psychology.

The influence of the first aspect is often invisible, but it does exist, and sometimes it even affects people’s "hardware". Many years ago, Shirley Turk, a scientific sociologist, encountered a mental illness in which some people thought they were machines. Philosophers like to call this phenomenon the colonization of the life world by technology. Taking GPS navigation as an example, the avant-garde Paris taxi drivers are used to using the navigator, while the relatively conservative London taxi drivers mainly use memory to navigate. A three-year comparative study shows that the cortex responsible for mapping time and space in the brains of Paris taxi drivers has shrunk, and some people not only can’t determine the correct driving route in real time and space, but even suffer from some kind of dyslexia. Fortunately, these symptoms are not irreversible.

On the other hand, the impact may be more significant, and some people even worry that the destruction of this "software" level will lead to the collapse of human society. Although this dystopian prospect may not come true, at least two aspects are worthy of attention. First, the companion robot may be designed to be more and more clever, and even learn to tell some white lies to people slowly. This may make people feel that robot companions are more intimate and easy to communicate, and the resulting illusion of congeniality will make people more willing to get along with robot companions. Some people may even become addicted to robots, and regard real interpersonal communication and intimacy as a fearful road. Moreover, once the robot’s ability to lie is developed, it is inevitable to accompany the robot to cover up human misconduct or illegal behavior. Of course, some philosophers may wonder whether it is possible to make a less obedient debating robot so that they can discuss philosophy with the robot, but if it is made, it is hard to say that users of philosophers with insufficient cultivation will not be annoyed because they are not as smart as robots.

Secondly, the design of robot companion is based on the acceptance of human emotions, which is likely to make the interaction between human and robot companion more attractive and satisfy their imagination of desires. In addition, the combination with games and virtual reality is hard to say that they will not indulge in it and will eventually destroy the foundation of human reproduction and civilization development linked by emotional relations. Whether this worry is groundless or not undoubtedly returns to the question of the authenticity of the interactive relationship between people and robots and even the intimate relationship. For example, will the intimate relationship between people and robots weaken the ability to form intimate relationships between people? Will this behavior change lead to the degeneration and change of the "brain circuit" of people related to it? And once we realize the virtuality of this intimate relationship, will people’s attitude towards emotions go to complete nothingness?

Although some critics believe that the love relationship with sex robots is just an extension of traditional sex trade or sexual violence on the machine, it is a manifestation of male chauvinism and misogyny. However, its advocates point out that, on the one hand, robot technology can at least copy the love activity and its psychological attraction process functionally; On the other hand, human beings have a psychological tendency to personify animals, objects and machines emotionally. In their view, it is a new evolution of human beings to establish attachment or love relationship with entities other than their own species, and the combination of robots’ catering to human emotions and people’s anthropomorphic psychological tendency to machines will make the love between people and their partners become a new way of love.

Although the related technology has not really been realized, we can still make necessary reflection on its possibility. Perhaps the future of companion or companion robot has infinite possibilities, and it is hard to predict whether it is a blessing or a curse. But in terms of intention, we should try to limit those designs with ulterior motives from the beginning. Therefore, at least from the perspective of ethical design, companion robots that deliberately lie should not be made, and at the same time, companion robots that fool and manipulate people’s emotions should be put an end to.

As far as everyone is concerned, under certain circumstances, companion robots can be used as an auxiliary tool for learning and practicing intimate relationships, and can also be used as a temporary comfort method when emotional injuries occur; But in this process, you should take a tentative and reflective attitude, especially be alert to the self-abandonment and addiction caused by it. Technology is neither Niu Mowang nor Bai Gujing. Facing the hole dug for you by the monkey Sun, you need more entertainment spirit and game attitude. You may even use self-mockery and humor to make the robot companion an opportunity for you to understand your emotions and give up your troubles. For example, you can learn the design principle of the robot’s blurred eyes with the robot while chanting "and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever". In the era of advanced technology, technology permeates the surroundings like air. In order not to get lost by it, everyone should learn to get along with technology alone, and this new self-regulation or self-ethics is actually the Zen machine that every human individual needs to understand and practice most.

Of course, this topic also involves many interesting issues. For example, if people and machines really love each other, do we have to let robots learn to dream about electronic sheep? Will the gender and role distribution of robots bring social gender problems to robots? Also, before the machine awakens itself, will the robot itself form its own group and society with its own identity, and thus realize the differences between robots and people? In other words, in the future world, people and machines will merge and coexist, and become indistinguishable life beings …

　　Yangzi Evening News (correspondent Zhu Tianxuan, reporter Chen Yong) The newly graduated college students rented a house through a real estate agent, and as a result, they paid the agency fee of 400 yuan, and waited for one month without seeing the house. After receiving the call for help, Nanjing Xuanwu police intervened in the investigation and found that the young man was "routine" by the real estate agent.

　　One day in early September, the police service station of Meiyuan New Village of Nanjing Xuanwu Public Security Bureau received an alarm from Xiao Wang, a young man, saying that he had encountered a dispute when renting a house, and the house had not been rented, and the agency fee paid by 400 yuan would not be returned. After receiving the alarm, the policeman Wu Chao got in touch with Xiao Wang.

　　Xiao Wang told the police that he just graduated from college this year. A month ago, he saw on the Internet that this intermediary had a room with a desirable price, location and decoration. "From the photos, the room is very bright and tidy. If this location can really rent such a room at this price, it is really lucky." Xiao Wang said that he immediately contacted an intermediary who claimed to be surnamed Zhang and met to see the house.

　　According to Zhang’s instructions, Xiao Wang came to the real estate agency office located in an office building on Zhujiang Road. Zhang warmly received Xiao Wang, saying that he had confirmed that the room was still there, but he had to charge 600 yuan’s agency fee before going to the house. Xiao Wang Gang graduated, and was short of money. After some bargaining, the two sides finally made a deal with the 400 yuan agency fee. Then the intermediary gave the contact information of Xiao Wang’s landlord, and specifically told him: "The landlord is busy at work and will call again after 6 pm." After 6 o’clock in the evening, Xiao Wang telephoned the landlord to make an appointment to meet downstairs in the rented house the next day.

　　However, when Xiao Wang arrived at the appointed place the next day, the landlord didn’t show up. "I called the landlord, but the landlord said that he had an urgent business trip, and it would take half a month to return to Nanjing. I was anxious to rent a house, so I called the intermediary again. The intermediary said that he would help me find a more suitable house and promised until I took a fancy to it, but I didn’t take the initiative to contact me after that." Xiao Wang told the police that he had been to the intermediary office several times in the past month, but it was strange that the door was often closed and no one could be found there.

　　After understanding the situation, the police took Xiao Wang to the office of the intermediary involved, which happened to be open that day. Xiao Wang said that he had found other suitable houses and asked the intermediary to return the agency fee. Under the mediation of the police, the intermediary finally refunded the intermediary fee to Xiao Wang 400 yuan.

　　"In fact, we have recently received a lot of similar rental disputes." The police told reporters that many people had similar experiences with Xiao Wang. In fact, they were all given "routines" by intermediaries. "In addition to the alarm that we can’t see the house, we have received other similar alarms. For example, the houses that are optimistic on the Internet are very different from the actual ones. For example, the 500 yuan/monthly rent that was discussed at the beginning immediately became 1,500 yuan/month after seeing the actual room." In these situations, basically, the renter paid the agency fee first. Moreover, the intermediary is also very cunning. In order to avoid the renter from recovering the intermediary fee, they often change their office locations.

　　Because the agency fee is not high, many people really can’t afford it, so they will give up the agency and find another house, and the agency fee is not required. Not many people really come to the police for help.

　　In the smart phone market, Apple and Samsung have always been a pair of rivals who can’t tell the outcome. The contest between them actually represents the contest between Android and IOS to a great extent. Although Android’s current market share exceeds 70%, iOS has only about 20%, but iOS users are often more active than Android users, and the revenue of iOS can even exceed that of Android.

　　Regarding the iOS system, I think many people are familiar with it. It is a mobile operating system specially designed by Apple in 2007 for the first generation of Apple smartphones. At present, the latest version is ios 8.3 used on Iphone 6 and Iphone 6 Plus.

　　Compared with Android system, iOS is relatively closed, with low open source, less supported apps, and relies on iTunes, which makes data transmission and activation more troublesome.

　　However, the iOS system has great advantages, such as beautiful interface, smooth operation and so on. Let’s take a look at the advantages of iOS.

　　1. The operation interface is beautiful and concise.

　　IOS has always attracted many mobile phone users with its simple and beautiful interface. Whether it is the control icon of the mobile phone itself or the icon of the APP, it has a high value and strong visibility. People can look at such a beautiful and simple interface when using the mobile phone. It will be a great enjoyment.

　　2. The integration of software and hardware is very high.

　　In order to make the user’s experience stronger, the design of iOS is different from that of Android. iOS can be highly integrated with the hardware system, so that electronic devices can respond in the shortest time. However, the fragmentation of Android is serious, and sometimes the response of mobile phones will be very slow. On the contrary, the design of iOS greatly increases the stability of the system, which will be felt by people who have used the iphone.

　　3. Strong security

　　The security of electronic devices is an important part for users. Although iOS is more closed than Android, the closure of iOS brings high security returns. To operate Android phones, you don’t need any permission, just unlock the screen saver. However, if you want to use and operate all the functions of the phone, you must know the password and user name registered on Apple official website. If you can’t crack this permission, the Apple device is a brick. At the same time, the new functions of iOS can help users lock and operate.

　　4. Operation flow, Caton rarely appears.

　　When iOS is used, the background is pseudo-background or no background program, and the degree of optimization is very high, and it rarely produces cached junk files. When a software retreats into the background, it will basically stop running, leaving space for other software in use, which makes the operation of iOS very flow, and the phenomenon of jamming rarely occurs. In addition, the quality and security of iOS apps are very high, and it will not produce a large number of junk advertisements.

　　Generally speaking, there are many advantages and benefits of iOS, but it and Android are two completely different operating systems, each with its own advantages. Consumers’ choices should be based on their own habits and preferences, so don’t blindly follow suit.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 18th, by 2025, the total number of health workers will reach 16 million, the ratio of doctors and nurses in public hospitals will gradually reach about 1:2, and health technicians will account for more than 75% in primary medical and health institutions … … Recently, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Health and Wellness Talents", which proposed a number of major goals for the development of health and wellness talents in China.

　　Talent is the key to promote the high-quality development of health undertakings and the construction of a healthy China. According to the plan, during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the overall goal of the development of health talents in China is to promote the improvement of talent service ability and structural optimization, improve the talent management system and mechanism, and create a good environment for talent development.

　　The plan analyzes the new situation and new tasks faced by the construction of health talent team in China from six aspects: strengthening the construction of health talent team and deepening the reform of talent development system and mechanism.

　　In strengthening the construction of health technical personnel, the plan proposes to further expand the scale of doctors and optimize the professional, urban and rural and regional layout. By 2025, there will be 4.5 million licensed (assistant) doctors and 5.5 million registered nurses nationwide. And improve the level of physician allocation, focusing on grassroots, shortage of specialties, clinical key specialties and so on.

　　The plan also proposes to vigorously strengthen the construction of public health talents. By 2025, the number of professional public health institutions will increase to 1.2 million, including 250,000 in disease prevention and control institutions.

　　In terms of the system and mechanism of talent development, the plan proposes to rationally formulate the staffing standards of public medical and health institutions and establish a dynamic nuclear increase mechanism. According to the changes of service population, service radius and other factors, the establishment of primary medical and health institutions will be dynamically adjusted, and the primary medical and health institutions will be "supplemented" and fully guaranteed.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Personnel Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission said that in the next step, the National Health and Wellness Commission will focus on solving practical problems with strong talent reflection and accelerate the construction of the health and wellness talent team. Through a series of measures, we will promote the continuous improvement of the service ability of health professionals and the continuous optimization of the distribution of talent structure, actively create a policy and institutional environment for gathering talents, constantly stimulate the vitality of talents, and provide strong talent support for accelerating the construction of a healthy China.

　　On April 21st, at the second plenary meeting of the 10th session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Han Changfu was entrusted by the State Council to give a report on the development of rural industries.

　　The report shows that the grain output in 2018 was 1,315.8 billion Jin, which remained above 1.2 trillion Jin for seven consecutive years. By 2018, the total number of innovative entrepreneurs returning to the countryside had reached 7.8 million.

　　Han Changfu mentioned that we should strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, ensure the completion of 800 million mu of construction tasks in 2020 and strive to reach 1 billion mu in 2022. Backward production capacity explicitly eliminated by the state, which is listed in the catalogue of prohibited industries by the state, shall not enter the countryside.

　　"Formulate and implement policies to support the innovation and entrepreneurship of people returning to the countryside, and attract migrant workers, college graduates, retired military personnel, and scientific and technological personnel to wait for rural innovation and entrepreneurship." Han Changfu said.

　　According to the report, as of 2018, there were 7.8 million innovative entrepreneurs who returned to the countryside, and more than 31 million innovative entrepreneurs such as Tian Xiucai, local experts and township makers. 87% of the established entities are below towns and villages, and more than 80% develop industrial integration projects. More than 50% of the people returning to the countryside use information technology to innovate and start businesses, and nearly 90% are joint ventures. It is recognized that there are 1096 rural innovation and entrepreneurship parks and training and incubation bases, and the Yi Nong Information Society covers more than one third of administrative villages.

　　Han Changfu also said, "Consolidate and improve grain production capacity, implement the national food security strategy under the new situation, fully implement the special protection system for permanent basic farmland, and accelerate the delineation of 1.058 billion mu of grain production functional zones and important agricultural product production protection zones. Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, ensure the completion of 800 million mu of construction tasks in 2020, and strive to reach 1 billion mu in 2022. "

　　Han Changfu also said that a number of well-known and influential regional public brands and corporate brands will be cultivated, and a number of product brands with "local brand name" and "township brand name" will be created. Backward production capacity explicitly eliminated by the state, which is listed in the catalogue of prohibited industries by the state, shall not enter the countryside. Encourage the comprehensive utilization of processing by-products. Text/reporter Meng Yaxu

　　The financial crisis gave Medvedev a chance to challenge Putin. In the past few weeks, Medvedev has completed the path of democratization that Russia has not taken in the past years. His new act is obviously at odds with Putin, who is famous for his iron fist style.

　　Text/Gong Quan

　　The first anniversary of Medvedev’s presidency of Russia, Russians have already suspected that the Mapp group is moving towards division. This suspicion came from the western world earlier, because there is almost no long-lasting "double-headed politics" in Russian political history.

　　In the past two months, Medvedev criticized Putin’s government twice in public for being too slow and inefficient in the economic crisis. These statements not only exposed the real economic situation in Russia to the world, but also pushed himself to the political front of Russia.

　　The prosperity of Putin’s era is over.

　　In the past nine years, Putin has been a hero of Russia and his authority is unshakable. Yeltsin also had such a golden age, although it was relatively short. The crisis in 1998 brought the status and prestige of then Russian President Yeltsin to the lowest point. Today’s financial crisis has led to demonstrations in many cities in Russia. The opposition pointed its finger at Putin, saying that Putin failed to cope with the crisis and asked him to take the blame and resign.

　　Deriagin, a Russian economist, believes that "the economic prosperity in Putin’s era has ended, and part of the reason for this situation is the financial crisis, but it is mainly because the Russian government has not adjusted its economic structure and reduced its dependence on oil in recent years".

　　The "oil economy" is the straw for Russians to get rid of the economic crisis in the 1990s, and it is also the magic weapon for prosperity in the Putin era. It made "Putinism" warmly welcomed, and it gradually evolved into a symbol of restoring the glory of the empire. Its singleness is suitable for Putin’s economic principle of "controllable management" and political principle of "democratic sovereignty", but it does not conform to the diversified economic development principle in the era of globalization.

　　During Putin’s eight years in power, oil export has provided capital for Russian economic development, and it has gradually become a locomotive for Russian economic development. However, over-reliance on the export of energy products to promote economic development has also laid a hidden danger for the Russian economy, which makes the Russian economy vulnerable to international economic fluctuations.

　　According to the data of Russian Ministry of Finance, from 2000 to 2007, Russia gained a total of 475.7 billion US dollars in foreign exchange reserves by rising oil prices, of which 72% was used for state finance and the rest was used for government current account expenditure.

　　However, due to the impact of the Wall Street financial crisis in the United States, the price of international futures crude oil fell rapidly, and the Russian capital market fluctuated violently. In November 2008 alone, Russia’s foreign exchange reserves shrank by 28.87 billion US dollars, and the ruble also depreciated rapidly.

　　At present, among the three major international credit rating agencies, except Moody’s, Russia’s foreign exchange market has a positive rating, and the other two S&P and Fitch have given negative ratings.

　　"Because the financial crisis is highly contagious to the global capital market and the real economy, it is difficult for Russia to be immune from the economic crisis, while the Russian economy is dominated by a single energy export, and it may face a more serious impact than other countries." Professor Wang Ning, an expert on Russian issues at Shanghai International Studies University, commented on China Newsweek.

　　At present, the price of Russian Urals crude oil is the main basis for the Russian government to make economic policies, but it also makes Russian economic policies contain many uncertainties. In 2009, the Russian government’s budget was calculated at an average price of $95 per barrel, and in 2011 it was $88.

　　However, on March 13th, new york international crude oil futures traded at $46.25 per barrel. This also gives people reason to worry that if this situation continues, the Russian government deficit will continue to expand. The economic stimulus plan formulated by the government cannot be unaffected.

　　Earlier, the British "Guardian" published a heavy news that Putin was considering stepping down. There are rumors that Putin is considering resigning as prime minister in order not to make himself the focus of public dissatisfaction.

　　Medvedev’s road to democratization

　　Since Medvedev was elected president of Russia, it has been predicted that he will only be in office for about 18 months, and then he will step down, paving the way for the current Prime Minister Putin to return to the presidency.

　　One of the most noticeable decisions after Medvedev took office was to go to war with Georgia. However, during the war between Russia and Georgia, people saw more Putin than Medvedev on TV.

　　But the financial crisis gave Medvedev a chance to challenge Putin.

　　"Our actions are too slow, which is unacceptable in times of crisis. The problem is not the disintegration of macroeconomics or global finance, but the action is not fast enough and the efficiency is not high. " On February 20, 2009, Medvedev publicly criticized the government’s performance in the economic crisis at a meeting in Irkutsk, the eastern Siberian city. Medvedev asked the Russian government to improve administrative efficiency and convey the economic plan to the Russian people more clearly and concretely.

　　According to the statistics of the Russian Federal Statistical Office, the industrial production value of Russia fell by 16% in January, reaching a record high. The CPI is still as high as 13.9%.

　　While expressing his dissatisfaction with the government, Medvedev also started a series of actions of "changing blood" by the government.

　　Due to dissatisfaction with the local government’s actions in the economic crisis, Medvedev removed the posts of governors of four Russian states, all of which were nominated by Putin, and the newly appointed governors also included non-ruling party members. Medvedev hoped to restructure the local economy through the method of "changing blood".

　　Local government affairs are an important symbol of Putin as a "real prime minister". Russia’s political tradition is that the local chief executive is appointed and removed by the president, and local affairs are handled by the president’s office. However, Putin signed a decree on the eve of leaving office as president, stipulating that the annual report of the local chief executive should be submitted to the government first, and the prime minister should make an evaluation result before submitting it to the president.

　　Regarding this personnel change, Medvedev made an "early warning" before. He once pointed out in a televised speech that the Kremlin will not turn a blind eye to officials who are "incompetent, lazy and dereliction of duty".

　　According to the ITAR-TASS news agency, on March 13th, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev appointed young Ye Linna Cisco Linnik as the new Minister of Agriculture to replace Gordeyev. Prior to this, Gordeyev had served as Minister of Agriculture for nearly 10 years.

　　Ye Linna Cisco Linnik is a CEO with a double degree in medicine and business management, a typical elite outside the political circle. According to Russian media reports, Medvedev’s new candidate has been well received by Russian industrialists. Ye Linna Cisco Linnik will therefore become the first female agriculture minister of the Russian government.

　　In the past few weeks, Medvedev has completed the path of democratization that Russia has not taken in the past years.

　　He vetoed the Duma’s proposal to expand treason; Resume the operation of the Russian Human Rights Council and appoint new candidates; It is required to improve prison conditions and encourage prisoners to use electronic handcuffs (which look like bracelets and can determine the location of prisoners) instead of custody; Lower the threshold of the Duma, give more power to smaller political parties, meet with independent media representatives and appoint opposition figures.

　　On March 10th, Medvedev presided over the working meeting of the Russian Anti-Corruption Commission for the first time, and made the fight against corruption the focus of his work. On the same day, he also signed a five-year draft administrative reform of the Russian government, aiming at improving the administrative efficiency of the government.

　　For Russians with liberal ideas, they think that with the passage of time, the president who has never served in military service is opening up his own new political path and taking a more liberal route than his predecessor.

　　They haven’t split yet.

　　However, under the current economic situation, Russia needs Mapo’s cooperation more than ever to stabilize economic and social development. The reality also shows that "Mapp combination" continues to play a role.

　　"There may be cracks in the political relationship between Mapp, but it hasn’t split yet. Because there is no obvious conflict between Mapp under the current conditions. " Robert Cutler, a Russian expert at Carreton University, told China Newsweek.

　　Timakov Wa is Medvedev’s press spokesman. Whenever the media asks her about the differences between Medvedev and Putin, she always gives the same answer, and her answer is the same as what Putin said at first: the working relationship between the president and the prime minister is just as stipulated in the Constitution, and their rights and responsibilities are clearly defined.

　　At present, there is no report about Putin’s "counterattack" against Mei. After Medvedev expressed dissatisfaction with the Russian government’s economic actions, the Russian government actively took measures, on the one hand, to introduce the measures currently implemented in Russia more clearly, on the other hand, to increase the implementation of economic policies.

　　On March 11th, after introducing a series of economic measures taken by the Russian government to the coal miners of state-owned coal mining companies, Putin said at the meeting between the government and the regional development committee that the Russian government’s economic assistance to the region would rise to 300 billion rubles (about 8.57 billion US dollars). He asked local governments to conscientiously perform their duties and make good use of every penny to prevent repeating previous mistakes.

　　Russians are increasingly unable to judge who is in charge of decision-making. According to a survey conducted in March this year, 12% of Russians believe that Medvedev has the final say, and another 34% believe that Putin still plays a major role in Russian affairs. In addition, half of people think that Putin and Medvedev are equally divided in power sharing. ★

Editor: Wang Yuxi