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People with normal vision read by light. The white paper is brighter and the black words are darker, so the naked eye can distinguish the words between light and dark.

What does the visually impaired read? One is by touch, and there are blind documents to touch. One is hearing. When some books are not translated into Braille, maybe you can find audio books.

If you can’t find a ready-made audio book, how can the blind read an ordinary printed book?

As early as 1913, Edmund Fournier d’Albe, a physicist at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, showed a scanner to help the blind listen to books, named "Optophone" (photoelectric reading device). A few years later, the equipment was transformed into a more practical version by a scientific instrument manufacturer.

In 1920, the magazine reported Scientific American.

When the machine sweeps a line of words from left to right, there will be a sound in the user’s headphones. However, the sound is not speech, but a combination of some notes.

Write the word "write" with notes.

Different note combinations represent different glyphs. For example, the letter T has a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, the horizontal direction is represented by a monosyllabic elongation, and the vertical direction is represented by a chord. The notes used here are the highest to SOH and the lowest to the lowest octave SOH.

The note corresponding to the letter t, Tiffany Chan

The height of the notes reflects the position of the ink on the paper: one horizontal of the T is at the top, just lengthen the highest note SOH, while one vertical of the T has ink from top to bottom, so you can play the five notes of SOH, FAH, MI, ME and DOH at the same time, which is a chord.

Then, when the letter T appears, the earphone should first emit a continuous SOH, with a short chord in the middle, and finally return to the continuous SOH. A letter, a word or a paragraph can be "written" with a string of notes:

The note combination corresponding to the word "Type" is Tiffany Chan.

As long as you are familiar with the correspondence between letters and note strings in advance, the blind can hear the contents of a book.

Translating glyphs into notes is not complicated in terms of rules, but it is only part of the work of this machine. Before that, it must first see what font is printed on the book before it can begin to translate.

Therefore, automatically scanning text is the most important thing.

Selenium can see black and white.

At the beginning, the naked eye can distinguish the words on the paper by light. The light returning from black letters is very weak, not as strong as the reflection of white paper. But how does the machine achieve similar perception?

Scientists thought of selenium, and the resistance of this substance will change with the intensity of light. Connect batteries on both sides of selenium. When the light hits the ink mark and then reflects to the surface of selenium, the resistance of selenium will be larger, and the current passing through it will be smaller. When light is reflected from the blank of the paper to the surface of selenium, the resistance of selenium will be smaller, and the current passing through it will be stronger.

The two sides of selenium are connected with a power supply, and the current is different with or without lighting [1]

Different lighting conditions will transform different electrical signals, so selenium can be used as a photodetector. When it sweeps a line of words from left to right, the signal strength will change with the alternation of black and white, which is not difficult to understand. The question is, how does the machine know whether the ink position is high or low, such as whether T is above or below?

Use different beams to scan different positions. If you divide a line of words into five layers, you need five different beams of light to scan it. The so-called different light means that each beam of light hits the surface of selenium to produce a unique electrical signal, which is different from other beams of light. Only in this way can we tell how high the light is calling from.

Divide a line of words into five layers [1]

So how do you divide a beam of light into five different beams?

Here is a porous disk with five holes. When the disc rotates at a speed of 30 revolutions per second, a beam of light is knocked over, and the light passing through the disc is divided into five beams, which are five intermittent (or fast flashing) lights.

Porous disc, Wikimedia Commons, reference [1]

When light is reflected to the surface of selenium intermittently, the current passing through selenium will fluctuate. The current fluctuation caused by these five beams of light is different: because the number of holes in five circles is different, the more holes, the more frequently the light is cut off and the higher the frequency of current fluctuation.

So there were five different beams of light. If they are hit at different positions, we can judge whether the light is reflected from a high place or a low place according to the frequency of current fluctuation. It’s not difficult to tell the difference between a horizontal T and a horizontal T.

The disc divides the light into five different beams.

The notes that users hear are also distributed according to the frequency of current fluctuation.

As for what tools to use to sense the fluctuation of current, the sensor in the telephone receiver can be competent. With the technology at that time, current fluctuations as small as 10-6 amps can be detected.

Is it black or white?

Wit, you may find that according to the principle described above, the strong current signal is the blank, and the weak signal is the ink mark. So, the notes that users hear represent not the ink, but the gaps around the ink?

This was the case with the original products in 1913, and those notes that the user did not hear indicated the location of the ink. When the spaces between words are scanned, all the notes will play together. Therefore, the inventor called it "White-Sounding Optophone".

The combination of notes it plays is so complicated that Mary Jameson, the best user, is trained to read only one word a minute on average. But she still became the first blind person to read ordinary printed books.

In 1918, Barr & Stroud, a manufacturer of scientific instruments, improved the equipment and added a second photosensitive element made of selenium to the photoelectric detector. After the light passes through the disc, part of the light still scans the text and reflects to the first photosensitive element; The other part of the light is directly turned to the second photosensitive element without scanning the text.

Add one more photosensitive element. Popular Science

By combining the signals of the two photosensitive elements, the signal of the blank part can be cancelled. In this way, the notes played by headphones represent ink and letter shapes, while the blank parts are muted. This version is also called "Black-Sounding Optophone".

Of course, its advantage is not only that the combination of notes becomes simple. The structure of the original equipment is fragile. Even if someone walks by heavily, some components may slide to the wrong position, which will affect the normal scanning. The improved equipment is much more stable.

In addition, the improved version also adds the function of adjusting the scanning speed, which can scan a line at the fastest time of 5 seconds and at the slowest time of 5 minutes. Users can choose the speed according to their proficiency in recognizing notes.

Mary jameson is reading Walden Lake.

Mary jameson also used an improved version of this "black voice". Later, her reading speed reached 60 words per minute. Mary became a heavy user of photoelectric reading devices from her school days to her later years.

But for most people, the combination of notes may still sound too complicated. Moreover, some letters with similar shapes, such as "u" and "n", are easily confused. In addition to using the threshold, the price is also prohibitive. 35 pounds in 1920 is about 1,500 pounds (about 13,000 RMB) or more today.

In 1920, the average price of a house in London was about 320 pounds.

In addition, the British Association for the Blind was trying to popularize Braille resources to the whole country, and the photoelectric reading device may pose a threat to the promotion of Braille, and it will not be supported by the association, and the sales volume has been pitiful.

However, commercial failure does not necessarily mean technical failure.

Technology that anyone may need.

In 1949, the engineers of RCA borrowed the principle of photoelectric reading device to create a new reading machine for the blind.

RCA reading machine, which can play the pronunciation of letters, such as "A-"[5]

It also needs to strike the light on the paper and then reflect it on the photoelectric element, thus distinguishing the shapes of letters; It also has a horn, which is responsible for shouting the corresponding sound.

However, the light-emitting device is no longer a lamp with a porous disk, but a cathode ray tube; The photoelectric element is no longer selenium, but photocell; What the trumpet calls out is no longer a note representing a glyph, but a real letter.

Most importantly, there is an additional component in the middle called "electronic analyzer". After receiving the signal from the photoelectric element, it has to pick out the letter that matches the signal from 26 letters before it can command the speaker to read it.

A mainstream view holds that this is the first device in the world that can complete the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) task.

Photo translation AFP

Later, with the development of computer technology, OCR algorithm became more and more sophisticated. Nowadays, artificial intelligence/machine learning has injected a handful of souls into OCR.

Nowadays, OCR serves more than blind people. There may be a moment when everyone needs to copy a large paragraph of text in a picture, or take pictures of foreign characters and throw them directly to translation software. People even think that it is a matter of course to use such technology.

But the first person who made the concept of OCR possible may be Dr Edmund Founier Dalbet, who invented the photoelectric reading device more than 100 years ago.

references

[1] d’Albe, E. E. F. (1924). The Moon-element: An Introduction to the Wonders of Selenium. TF Unwin.

[2] Thomas, E. (2021, June 23). A Century Ago, the Optophone Allowed Blind People to Hear the Printed Word. IEEE Spectrum. https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/ a-century-ago-the-optophone-allowed-blind-people-to-hear-the-printed-word

[3] d’Albe, E. F. (1914). On a type-reading optophone. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, 90(619), 373-375.

[4] Jameson, M. (1966). The Optophone: Its beginning and development. Bulletin of prosthetics research, 5, 25.

[5] Mann, M. (1949). Reading machine spells out loud. Popular Science, 154(2), 125-7.

[6] Chan, T., Mills, M., & Sayers, J. (2018). Optophonic reading, prototyping optophones. Amodern, (8).

[7] Cooper, F. S., Gaitenby, J. H., & Nye, P. W. (1984). Evolution of reading machines for the blind: Haskins Laboratories’ research as a case history. Veterans Administration, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rehabilitation R & D Service.

作者：栗子

原标题：《100年前的盲人，怎样读完一本普通印刷书？》

阅读原文

□ Feng Huanhuan (Jiangxi Normal University)

Recently, the stand-up season of iQiyi’s "king of comedy" has come to an end. The high-quality PK of the finalists has made many netizens hooked up, but the blind player’s black light’s spit on the blind road has caused deeper thinking. With the popularization of various social welfare, there are still many neglected "blind areas of civilization" in life.

From the perspective of the blind, Black Light tells the hardships of the disabled humorously. As a public figure, this is not the first time he spoke out about the public facilities for the visually impaired, such as the blind road in the subway going straight to the cab, the blind road being closed, causing the blind people to "circle around" in it, the stainless steel blind road slipping like a shrimp in snowy days, forcing the blind people to take barrier-free carriages without seats, the blind road being occupied and suddenly interrupted. These jokes made the audience laugh, but also brought sadness, because although these problems are common, they have not received enough attention from the relevant departments.

We need to reflect, blind roads should provide convenience for the visually impaired, but why have they brought more troubles? Black light mentioned in the performance that he showed that he was blind when catching the high-speed train and flying, and the other party reacted wrongly. On the one hand, visually impaired people are rarely seen in public spaces; On the other hand, there are still many problems in barrier-free facilities in society. Due to the difficulties encountered in going out, visually impaired people have reduced the number of going out or even stopped going out at all.

The plight of visually impaired people represented by black lights is actually a microcosm of the lives of disabled people in China. Due to the existence of special education schools, there are almost no disabled people on ordinary campuses. This invisibility makes many disabled facilities become furnishings, even occupied or misused, while people with disabilities seldom express their dissatisfaction publicly, which further aggravates the unreasonable use of facilities.

Black-light talk shows not only make more people pay attention to the situation of disabled groups, but also remind us that social systems and facilities still need to be further improved. The government should introduce more targeted policies, increase capital investment in public facilities, rectify the existing non-practicality, and effectively help more disabled people. The media should also strengthen publicity to help the public understand the importance of barrier-free facilities and guide people to pay attention to and support the construction of these facilities. For every ordinary person, parking can be regulated, blind roads can not be occupied at will, people with disabilities can not be discriminated against, and they can lend a helping hand when they need help, so that sincerity and goodwill can flow in society.

Watching talk shows can’t be laughed off. How to better care for the disabled is an important social issue. The blind spot of civilization is often not on the road, but in people’s hearts. Only by taking real action to make the barrier-free environment no longer "hinder" can more disabled people go out of their homes, share the fruits of social development equally and feel the world better.

　　On April 21st, at the second plenary meeting of the 10th session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Han Changfu was entrusted by the State Council to give a report on the development of rural industries.

　　The report shows that the grain output in 2018 was 1,315.8 billion Jin, which remained above 1.2 trillion Jin for seven consecutive years. By 2018, the total number of innovative entrepreneurs returning to the countryside had reached 7.8 million.

　　Han Changfu mentioned that we should strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, ensure the completion of 800 million mu of construction tasks in 2020 and strive to reach 1 billion mu in 2022. Backward production capacity explicitly eliminated by the state, which is listed in the catalogue of prohibited industries by the state, shall not enter the countryside.

　　"Formulate and implement policies to support the innovation and entrepreneurship of people returning to the countryside, and attract migrant workers, college graduates, retired military personnel, and scientific and technological personnel to wait for rural innovation and entrepreneurship." Han Changfu said.

　　According to the report, as of 2018, there were 7.8 million innovative entrepreneurs who returned to the countryside, and more than 31 million innovative entrepreneurs such as Tian Xiucai, local experts and township makers. 87% of the established entities are below towns and villages, and more than 80% develop industrial integration projects. More than 50% of the people returning to the countryside use information technology to innovate and start businesses, and nearly 90% are joint ventures. It is recognized that there are 1096 rural innovation and entrepreneurship parks and training and incubation bases, and the Yi Nong Information Society covers more than one third of administrative villages.

　　Han Changfu also said, "Consolidate and improve grain production capacity, implement the national food security strategy under the new situation, fully implement the special protection system for permanent basic farmland, and accelerate the delineation of 1.058 billion mu of grain production functional zones and important agricultural product production protection zones. Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, ensure the completion of 800 million mu of construction tasks in 2020, and strive to reach 1 billion mu in 2022. "

　　Han Changfu also said that a number of well-known and influential regional public brands and corporate brands will be cultivated, and a number of product brands with "local brand name" and "township brand name" will be created. Backward production capacity explicitly eliminated by the state, which is listed in the catalogue of prohibited industries by the state, shall not enter the countryside. Encourage the comprehensive utilization of processing by-products. Text/reporter Meng Yaxu

The investigators searched Li Zhaofang’s office.

Zhang Hao/Comics

　　Li Zhaofang, former deputy general manager of Changzhou Wujin Radio and Television Information Network Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Province, was recently sentenced to four years in prison by the court for accepting bribes. So far, through special actions, more than half of the 18 cases of 20-person duty crimes investigated and handled in the field of radio and television networks in Changzhou have been pronounced. Two radio and television network companies in Changzhou City, from the person in charge to the ordinary salesman, have fallen, and the members of the leadership team are "completely annihilated".

　　After investigation, from 2008 to 2013, Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Radio and Television Cable Information Network Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Radio and Television Company") and Changzhou Wujin Radio and Television Information Network Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Wujin Radio and Television Company"), as well as members of the leadership team, some middle-level cadres and salesmen of Wujin Radio and Television Station, used the market monopoly right of radio and television resources and the administrative management right of radio and television undertakings. Playing politics and taking bribes in the process of investment and construction, attracting investment, equipment procurement, financial management and personnel appointment, the total amount of property involved is nearly 10 million yuan.

　　A small set-top box leads to a big nest case

　　"The key to special investigation is to find the right entry point. The entry point of the case is like the thread of a sweater. If you find the thread, you can untie it with a gentle touch. " Wang Yaming, director of the Anti-Corruption Bureau of Changzhou Procuratorate, said that the set-top box is the key "thread" in the special campaign against corruption in the field of radio and television.

　　Since April 2013, the corruption in Changzhou radio and television network field has entered the sight of Changzhou procuratorate because of reports from the masses. During the investigation, the case-handling personnel heard many complaints from the public about the high quality and low price of TV set-top boxes and the frequent failure of remote controllers. "There must be a cat behind the set-top box!" The investigators are keenly aware of this. With the deepening of the investigation, the fact that set-top box manufacturers, agents and distributors paid bribes to relevant personnel of local radio and television network companies in the form of kickbacks in order to enter Changzhou market or increase sales volume gradually surfaced.

　　The special action to investigate and deal with duty crimes in the field of radio and television networks was immediately launched in the city. Changzhou City Procuratorate has formulated a careful implementation plan, and unified arrangements for initial investigation, unified dispatch of investigation forces, and unified organization of investigation activities. Five grass-roots hospitals and more than 60 investigating police officers conducted an eight-month preliminary investigation according to the plan. Pulling out the radish and bringing out the mud, 18 cases of 20-person duty crimes in the field of radio and television networks in this city were finally solved in one fell swoop.

　　In Changzhou, the actual operator of set-top box is cable TV operator. There are two operators in Changzhou City, namely Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Radio and Television Company and Wujin Radio and Television Company. The former is responsible for the radio and television networks in Xinbei, Zhonglou, Tianning and Qishuyan, while the latter independently manages the radio and television system in Wujin District. There is no superior-subordinate relationship between the two, and there are also great differences in the nature of enterprises.

　　Although the two companies are different in nature, their functions are almost the same. On the one hand, it is engaged in radio and television network business activities, including the construction, management and maintenance of cable TV transmission networks, providing cable TV access and technical services, purchasing set-top boxes, cables and other equipment, and selling electronic products. On the other hand, it manages the people and property of radio and television stations in townships and towns within its jurisdiction.

　　This semi-commercial and semi-administrative organizational model has many disadvantages, one of which is the high concentration of power-the decision-making power and administrative management power of Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Radio and Television Company are in the hands of Chairman Zhang Bing, while Wujin Radio and Television Company is in the pocket of Chairman Pan Guoxing.

　　Promote and appoint cronies and hold decision-making power.

　　Zhang Bing, 59, worked as a middle-level cadre in an important department of Changzhou Municipal Committee when he was young, and later transferred to the director of Changzhou Cable Radio Station. After the establishment of Changzhou Radio and Television Company, Changzhou Radio and Television Bureau appointed him as the chairman.

　　From the "top leader" of the administrative unit to the dispatched enterprise, Zhang Bing felt marginalized and often laughed at himself as a "forgotten person". He thinks that since he has been forgotten, it is better to settle down in a corner and set up another mountain. Therefore, Zhang Bing started with the appointment of personnel and firmly controlled the power of Changzhou Radio and Television Company.

　　Sweet-tongued and diligent is Zhang Bing’s way of employing people. Based on this principle, he promoted a trusted team-Wu Yuequan, director of the office and secretary of the Disciplinary Committee, Liang Changan, deputy general manager in charge of engineering and technology, and Li Xiaolin, deputy general manager in charge of finance. The middle-level cadres of the company, especially the heads of major business departments such as development department and technology department, are basically arranged by Zhang Bing. It is also a matter of his word that the company has a new salesman and which stationmaster is appointed by the subordinate township radio and television station. Power gave Zhang Bing a taste of waving a baton.

　　In 2008, Jiangsu Radio and Television Department integrated the cable TV networks of 10 cities and established Jiangsu Radio and Television Company. Changzhou Radio and Television Company was merged and reorganized into Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Radio and Television Company, and Zhang Bing was appointed as Party Secretary and General Manager.

　　In 2008, the Olympic Games was held in Beijing. In order to ensure that more users can watch this event through digital TV, cable digital TV operators in various regions increased their translation efforts before the Olympics, and the market sales of set-top boxes ushered in a blowout. At that time, there were more than 200 enterprises engaged in the production of set-top boxes in China, and the market competition was fierce.

　　The brand access of set-top boxes in Jiangsu province is unified by the newly established Jiangsu Radio and Television Company, and eight manufacturers who have the right to sell set-top boxes are determined. Which brand is used by each city, and then the branch company chooses from these eight companies, which forms a "trumpet mouth" with strict entry and wide exit. The highly monopolized market model makes it possible for manufacturers to get through the provincial companies, and the future depends on how to pull business with branches in various cities.

　　After bidding, eight companies including Shengjie, Weiqi, Yuanhang and Xutian won the bid. Zhang Bing, who has the right to decide which brand of set-top box to purchase in Changzhou, met Yu Ting, regional manager of Sunan of Shengjie Company. As the two became more and more familiar with each other, Yu Ting began to love her, sending some calligraphy and painting, teapot and so on. Gradually, the big and small things in Zhang Bing’s family were also taken care of by "enthusiastic" Yu Ting: Zhang Bing’s daughter graduated as an intern, and Yu Ting arranged to go to Shengjie Hong Kong head office; The younger daughter wanted to go out for fun, and Yu Ting took out a 60,000 yuan travel card. When she got married, Yu Ting gave tens of thousands of yuan worth of Cartier watches and a pair of gold bracelets … Shengjie Company soon became one of the largest set-top box manufacturers in Changzhou.

　　Facing the collective fall of layers of public relations teams

　　In 2012, set-top boxes faced another major technological innovation, from digital set-top boxes to high-definition set-top boxes. The new round of upgrading has brought about another huge fluctuation of behind-the-scenes interests.

　　Yuanhang Company has always wanted to cooperate with Changzhou Radio and Television Company to carry out business. Gao Weijun, its regional manager, took the opportunity of this large-scale replacement to come to Zhang Bing several times. Cigarettes and shopping cards are common gifts. Considering that there are few manufacturers of new intelligent terminal products in Changzhou, Zhang Bing signed a purchase contract with Yuanhang Company in order to enhance market competition, and the gift brought by Gao Weijun was accepted.

　　Companies such as Weiqi and Xutian, which are engaged in the production of set-top boxes, did the same thing. First, the regional director contacted Zhang Bing and got his approval. Then, he got through with the leaders of companies such as Liang Changan and Li Xiaolin, then the project manager and middle-level leaders dredged up, and finally, the direct salesman docked. So go through customs from top to bottom until the relationship of cooperation and common prosperity is unbreakable.

　　Soon, the set-top box market in Changzhou city was divided up by four companies: Shengjie, Weiqi, Yuanhang and Xutian. The almost zero-competition market makes manufacturers no longer pay attention to the quality of set-top boxes, and most of the funds are used to get through the internal relations of operators, so the price of boxes remains high. The cost of digital set-top boxes is only around 100 yuan, but it has sold for four or five hundred yuan in the market; The cost of high-definition set-top boxes is about 200 yuan, and the market price is as high as seven or eight hundred yuan! The box with high quality and high price makes the people complain.

　　In recent two years, many brands have launched digital TV all-in-one machines, integrating the functions of set-top boxes into televisions. Set-top boxes once again ushered in innovation, and manufacturers who came to Zhang Bing took intensive actions together. Shi Jinjun, the deputy general manager in charge of marketing, is a member of the team parachuted from the head office and has been excluded from the group in Zhang Bing. Shi Jinjun seized the opportunity and, with the acquiescence of Zhang Bing, made a great contribution to the purchase and sale of all-in-one machines, and successfully integrated into the circle of Zhang Bing.

　　In addition to set-top boxes, manufacturers of related peripheral products, including cable, cable broadband equipment, data transmission equipment and other electronic products, also use almost the same way, relying on Zhang Bing and his company to earn a lot of money.

　　After Zhang Bing was put on file for investigation by the procuratorate, investigators found a lot of cash, calligraphy and painting, gold and silver, high-end cameras and lenses when searching his home and office, and there were countless unopened cigarettes, alcohol, shopping cards and red envelopes. In the end, the property that was well documented and recognized by the procuratorate totaled more than 600,000 yuan.

　　Zhang Bing’s cronies have also fallen. In just two months, the number of people involved reached eight, and no member of the leadership team escaped.

　　Financial management chaos, self-enrichment in advertisements

　　The corruption caused by set-top boxes in Wujin Radio and Television Company is exactly the same as that in Changzhou Radio and Television Company. Because of the special situation of radio and television system in Wujin District, there are other forms of corruption.

　　Wujin District Radio and Television Bureau and Wujin District Radio and Television Station are two brands, and the two units are jointly responsible for Wujin Radio and Television Publicity, the development and management of radio and television undertakings, and the operation and management of TV stations and subordinate enterprises.

　　Pan Guoxing is also the director of Wujin Radio and Television Bureau and director of Wujin TV Station. After the establishment of Wujin Radio and Television Company, Pan Guoxing is also the chairman. It can be said that all the people, money and things of Wujin District Radio and Television System are in the hands of Pan Guoxing.

　　With the high concentration of power, Pan Guoxing has amassed wealth without scruple. In addition to taking bribes in the operation of set-top boxes and supporting equipment, another big source of "income" for Pan Guoxing is advertising business.

　　Since 2005, Wujin TV Station has implemented a diversified advertising revenue-generating system, which is a great "contribution" after Pan Guoxing became the director. Taiwan will set a relatively low income-generating target, and the assessment will be divided into rewards for the excess part. Everyone in each department will have a share, and the more advertisements you pull, the richer the commission. For a time, the whole stage was caught in the craze of advertising. Within one or two years after the implementation of the system, the business quota increased from more than 20 million yuan to more than 70 million yuan, almost quadrupling.

　　As the saying goes, support the bold. Wang Zhijian, the deputy director of the station, is also the manager of Changzhou Chaoyue Film and Television Program Production Co., Ltd., which belongs to the tertiary industry of Wujin TV Station and is the backbone of advertising. Wang Zhijian knows very well that the advertising revenue-generating system in Taiwan is actually a gray industry, but with Pan Guoxing on it, he is not only not worried, but also has a bigger appetite. Most of the advertising business brought back by income generation does not follow the normal accounting procedures, and the management is extremely chaotic. Wang Zhijian thinks that it is better to find a way to embezzle the commission from Taiwan. He remitted the advertising fees he received to his personal card without issuing any bills. Over the past few years, Wang Zhijian has embezzled more than 430,000 yuan. Many people in the company also follow this method and take money with both hands.

　　With his own golden idea, the whole company benefited, but as the director, Pan Guoxing could not personally intervene in the operation, and he could only get an administrative death salary, which was somewhat unbalanced in his heart. Pan Guoxing’s resentment was keenly captured by his men. They began to find various reasons to "honor" Pan Guoxing. According to the investigation by the procuratorate, Pan Guoxing took bribes totaling more than 1 million yuan. His downfall involved seven related cases and seven people, and two sets of leading bodies were wiped out.

　　Indiscriminately setting up the supervision of the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee is ineffective.

　　Is such blatant corruption unsupervised?

　　As mentioned earlier, the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee of Changzhou Radio and Television Company is Wu Yuequan, but according to the investigation by the procuratorate, this secretary of the Disciplinary Committee turned out to be "privately established".

　　Wu Yuequan was hand-picked by Zhang Bing. He was originally the director of the office, but the annual salary of the director of the office was only more than 200,000 yuan, and he was only a middle-level cadre and could not enter the inner circle. In order to further strengthen his leading group, Zhang Bing created a post of Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission for Wu Yuequan, who was in charge of personnel management, and his annual salary rose to more than 400,000 yuan. Wu Yuequan has been more dead set on Zhang Bing since then.

　　In this way, there is a secretary of the discipline inspection commission in the company without the discipline inspection department. The secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection is responsible for personnel, regardless of disciplinary inspection. With this secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, some of Zhang Bing’s property has a seemingly incorruptible place. He sometimes gives alcohol, tobacco, shopping cards and cash to Wu Yuequan, and Wu Yuequan also seems to formally record them one by one. Wu Yuequan has asked Zhang Bing many times what to do with these properties. Zhang Bing sometimes said that the company would take them out when necessary, and sometimes used them to help the poor. But as of the time of the incident, most of this property had been kept by Wu Yuequan except a small part for the company’s official reception.

　　After Zhang Bing was put on file, Wu Yuequan was terrified. He copied the account book that recorded Zhang Bing’s property for three times again until he could no longer reflect the briber and the amount involved. Wu Yuequan destroyed the original account books, which led to the fact that part of Zhang Bing’s bribery was finally unfounded.

　　Wujin Radio and Television Company has not set up a regulatory agency from beginning to end. According to the regulations, the company is controlled by Wujin District Radio and Television Bureau, which has the right to supervise it, but the director of Radio and Television Bureau and the chairman of the company are both Pan Guoxing. How can he supervise himself?

　　(Some people and companies involved are pseudonyms)

　　(Original title: Small set-top box uncovers the corruption case of radio and television. Changzhou, Jiangsu: investigating and handling 18 cases of duty crimes in the field of radio and television networks)

With the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles, the importance of intelligent driving technology has become increasingly prominent. Lectra 08 EM-P, an outstanding model known as one of Lectra’s super-electric Gemini, not only inherits the excellent pedigree of the brand, but also takes a solid step in the field of intelligent driving, and sits firmly at the top of the same class with its leading software and hardware strength.

The car is equipped with an intelligent driving computing platform of Yikatong Tianqiong Pro, which is the core of its intelligent driving technology. This advanced platform integrates two black sesame intelligent Huashan A1000 intelligent driving chips, which shows the high level of self-driving chips independently developed by China. It is these two high-computing chips that endow the Lectra 08 EM-P with keen perception, accurate decision-making ability and rapid execution ability, so that it can easily cope with various complex road conditions and ensure the safety and stability of the driving process.

On the software level, Lectra 08 EM-P also performed well. Its intelligent driving system has been trained by a large number of localized data, and has a deep understanding of domestic traffic rules and driving habits. This enables Linke 08 EM-P to independently complete lane change, up and down ramps and other operations in closed roads such as expressways and expressways, covering a wide speed range of 0-150km/h, and bringing drivers a more relaxed and safe intelligent driving experience.

In terms of hardware configuration, lectra 08 EM-P is not inferior. The whole vehicle is equipped with 28 high-performance sensing hardware, including radar and camera, which not only has the ability of long-distance detection, but also can carry out accurate height measurement. This enables the Lectra 08 EM-P to grasp the changes of the surrounding environment in real time and provide solid hardware support for intelligent driving.

What’s more worth mentioning is that the high-speed NOA function of Linke 08 EM-P has been opened in many provinces and cities across the country, and it is planned to achieve wider coverage before the end of the year. This means that no matter where you are, drivers can enjoy the smart driving pleasure brought by Lectra 08 EM-P. At the same time, the car also supports a variety of digital key functions, allowing smart devices such as mobile phones and watches to easily turn into car keys, further improving the convenience and safety of car use.

To sum up, Lectra 08 EM-P stands out among the same class models with its excellent software and hardware strength. Whether it’s the precision and stability of intelligent driving or the luxurious and comfortable driving experience, Lectra 08 EM-P has interpreted the excellent quality with practical actions. Choosing LECK 08 EM-P means choosing a smarter, safer and more comfortable travel future.

● Central control/carriage part: the instrument panel has changed obviously, and a multifunctional anti-glare rearview mirror and USB interface have been added.

　　At first glance, the change of the center console can be almost ignored, and the overall line design continues the same round and full style as the appearance. In addition to the fashion version of the model, the leather is equipped. The four models are general in style but feel very good, and other functions have corresponding buttons.

　　The change of the dashboard is the most obvious place in the center console. With the addition of the silver ring, it is simpler and more readable than in the past. In addition, the style of the driving computer has also been significantly different. Today’s layout is a typical ""style, simple and clear.

　　The electric anti-glare rearview mirror added in 2012 is powerful, which not only can automatically prevent the high beam attack of unscrupulous drivers in the rear car, but also integrates Bluetooth phone, compass, TPMS system alarm and virtual reversing image display. This multi-functional anti-glare rearview mirror is currently only equipped in the premium version and above, and the sunroof version is also equipped with ordinary electronic anti-glare rearview mirrors, which is still very kind.

　　In other respects, the car audio panel has maintained the previous design, and the new USB interface is located on the left side of the center console. You really need to look for it when you first get started. Connecting the USB flash drive through the connecting cable can conveniently put the USB flash drive into the small storage space on the right side, so that the small storage box with USB interface can be closed.

　　There is no change in the seat. The large and comfortable leather seat has the main driving electric adjustment function and the lumbar support adjustment handle, which is a good performance in the same price model. Practical functions such as 4/6 overturning of the rear seats are also in line with household needs.

● Power system: the shape of the gear handle is changed, and the rest remains unchanged.

　　The 2012 B50 continues to use the previous Volkswagen 1.6-liter 4-cylinder, which isFAW Group Corporationthe publicUsed inSAGITAR1.6 and newBoraThe one on 1.6 is 2.spiracleEngine. Its maximum outputpower76Kw(103 HP) /6000rpm, this numerical ratioSAGITARHexinBoraIt is 3 horsepower higher, which is the difference of engine training, the biggest.twist moment145N·m/3800rpm。

　　5-speed manual MQ200gearboxIt is familiar to Volkswagen owners, and the automatic transmission model is equipped with the samethe public6-speed automatic manual integrationgearbox. For MQ200, the advantages of clear gears and clean gears have been continued on the 2012 Pentium B50, which also shows that this is destined to be a very easy-to-drive family car.

　　　Pentium B50ofhangType belongs to a more competitive configuration at the same level, beforeDouble cross armType e rear independent suspensionMulti-linkSuspension, and both front and rear with stabilizer bar. This set is completely transplanted fromMazda 6ofhangThe set-up method combined on B50 is the same asMazda 6Go in a completely different direction, B50′ shangTraining is completely biased towards comfort performance, which has been proved in the test drive of the old models before.

Editor’s summary:

　　The 2012 Pentium B50 continues its high cost performance, and has been added on the basis of the original price. It can be said that even after the upgrade, Pentium B50 still gives people a very moderate attitude. There is no higher technical content, and some are only extremely high configurations in 100,000 yuan. For ordinary home users, if you can accept the appearance of the Pentium B50, it will be a very easy-to-satisfy model, easy to drive and maintain, and the configuration will definitely be worthy of the money you paid. (Text/Figure Huang Zhengqiao)

Links to related articles-

9.38-125,800 Yuan 2012 Pentium B50 was officially listed in http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/201110/251706.html.

First, Miss Dong’s car dream

1.1 Dream of sailing

A well-known female entrepreneur in the air-conditioning field has won the reputation of "Miss Dong" with her outstanding performance in the domestic market. However, at the peak of his career, Dong Mingzhu turned his attention to another field-automobiles. She is determined to build a high-quality domestic electric car and contribute to the country.

1.2 Gree electric vehicle comes out

Under the leadership of Dong Mingzhu, Gree Electric officially entered the industry in 2016. After several years of research and development, Gree electric vehicle finally came out. However, this electric car carrying Miss Dong’s car dream is not satisfactory in market performance.

Second, the price plunged and the sales volume was bleak.

211500 fell to 50000.

At the beginning, Gree electric vehicles were priced as high as 150,000 yuan. However, in the face of fierce market competition, Gree electric vehicles did not achieve the expected sales. In order to stimulate the market, Dong Mingzhu had to adopt a price reduction strategy, reducing the price to 50,000 yuan. However, even so, the sales of Gree electric vehicles have not improved.

2.2 Cause analysis

(1) Insufficient product competitiveness: Compared with other mature brands of electric vehicles in the market, Gree electric vehicles have no obvious advantages in performance, battery life and appearance, which leads to consumers’ lack of desire to buy them.

(2) Limited brand influence: Although it enjoys a high reputation in the field of air conditioning, the influence of Gree brand is relatively weak in the field of automobiles, making it difficult to attract consumers.

(3) Insufficient channel construction: Gree electric vehicles have insufficient sales channels, which makes it inconvenient for consumers to buy cars and further affects sales.

Third, Miss Dong’s persistence and reflection

3.1 Stick to your dreams

In the face of market difficulties, Dong Mingzhu has not given up his car dream. She said that Gree electric vehicles will continue to research and develop, constantly improve product competitiveness and provide consumers with a better travel experience. At the same time, she also actively seeks cooperation with other enterprises to broaden sales channels.

3.2 Reflection and adjustment

While sticking to his dream, Dong Mingzhu also reflected on the failure of Gree electric vehicles. She realized that Gree still has a long way to go in the automotive field. To this end, Gree began to adjust its strategy, increase investment in research and development, and strive to make breakthroughs in product performance and battery life.

4. My views on this matter

4.1 Appreciate Dong Mingzhu’s courage and determination

In my opinion, Dong Mingzhu’s courage to cross-border challenges and devote herself to the new energy automobile industry shows her courage and determination as an entrepreneur. Although the current performance of Gree electric vehicle market is not good, this spirit of daring to innovate is worthy of recognition.

4.2 Cross-border need to be cautious

However, Dong Mingzhu’s car dream also reminds us that it is not easy to cross the border. When entering a brand-new field, enterprises need to fully consider their own strength and market environment and make full preparations. Otherwise, blind cross-border is likely to lead enterprises into trouble.

4.3 Pay equal attention to persistence and adjustment

In the face of difficulties, Dong Mingzhu chose to stick to his dream and reflect and adjust. This spirit is worth learning. On the road of pursuing dreams, we should not only strengthen our beliefs, but also constantly adjust our strategies in order to achieve our goals.

In short, although Miss Dong’s car dream suffered setbacks, she did not give up. On the track of new energy vehicles, Gree still has a chance to counterattack. As long as we persist in innovation and constantly improve the competitiveness of our products, Gree electric vehicles will gain a firm foothold in the market one day.

Have you been paying attention to the car market recently? During this period of time, the car market has been quite lively, and various brands have launched their own new cars. Today, we will talk about a pure electric small car that Geely has just announced the pre-sale price, especially its exterior design and interior layout, to see how Geely has created an excellent visual and tactile experience in a highly competitive market.

Let’s talk about the appearance first. The body size of Geely Star Wish is 4135mm/1805mm/1570mm, and the wheelbase is 2650mm, which creates a vibrant and lovely styling beauty. Looking at the interior, Geely Star Wish adopts a double-spoke double-fight color, and the grip is relatively comfortable. The large-size LCD instrument panel and floating central control screen have a clear visual experience and convenient operation interface, making it easy and pleasant to drive a small car.

And Geely Star Wish’s strength is far more than that. It is equipped with an integrated electric drive system with a maximum power of 58 kW and 85 kW respectively, which is ready to rush forward at any time. And the CLTC pure electric cruising range is 310km and 410km, which is completely sufficient for daily transportation.

All Star Wish models come standard with independent suspension, an 11-in-1 smart electric drive, a Ningde era battery, and a Flyme Auto smart cockpit. These are Geely Star Wish’s hardcore strengths, just like its inner beauty, which cannot be ignored. On Geely Star Wish, you can’t see the grandiose decoration, only solid technology and attentive details.

With its smiling front face and droplet-shaped light set, large space in the same class, and high-level performance configuration, Geely Star Wish has added new vitality to the pure electric small car market, telling a story about aesthetics and technology. It is not just a car, but a manifestation of life attitude, a pursuit of beautiful things.

On June 16, the "Geely Everyone Meet, Hefei Station" event officially kicked off, attracting the attention of Guangfa consumers. It is worth mentioning that since its launch in February 2023, the series models have been favored by many consumers, and the sales data has also shown a rising trend.

This year, Geely’s layout in the field of new energy has entered a new stage again, and the Galaxy series has also begun to gain strength. After Geely Galaxy’s first medium and large pure electric sedan – a hot seller on the market, Geely Galaxy’s first compact pure electric SUV – Galaxy E5 recently completed its debut.

This "pure electric three-good SUV", which is known as "the most beautiful A-class pure electric" in the industry, is Geely Galaxy’s latest masterpiece to meet the diverse market needs in China and face the global market with global quality. The new car will redefine the standard of 15-200,000 pure electric SUV with the core value of "good-looking, easy-to-drive and smart", and launch an impact on the mainstream A-class pure electric SUV market. Let us follow the vision of Bump Jun today to explore the strength of Geely Galaxy E5.

Facing the era of smart electric, Geely has the ability to vertically integrate the new energy "three electric" industry chain, and can realize full-stack self-research and self-production from battery raw materials, battery packs, CTB battery technology, to electric drive and electronic control. Relying on the comprehensive electrification of GEA’s global intelligent new energy architecture, Geely Galaxy E5 adopts advanced technologies such as CTB battery body integration, Galaxy 11-in-1 intelligent electric drive, and the only customized SHIELD short-knife battery in the same level. Starting from the architectural dimension, it ensures that the battery life of Geely Galaxy E5 is reliable on the foundation.

The most efficient Galaxy 11-in-1 intelligent electric drive at the same level, through the optimization and integration of the core components of the electric drive, the comprehensive efficiency of the electric drive is the first to reach the industry’s ultimate 90.04% under CLTC conditions. The advanced electric drive system allows Geely Galaxy E5 to achieve a minimum power consumption of only 11.9kWh for 100 kilometers. According to the conversion of household charging piles, it is equivalent to a minimum cost of only 6 cents per kilometer. It is both efficient and low-consumption, meeting the user’s travel needs of "spending the least expenditure and running the farthest mileage".

Lower wind resistance can further reduce the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, making the battery life performance even more powerful. The Geely Galaxy E5 ingeniously integrates low wind resistance ingenuity with global aesthetic commonality, giving it a unique "E" aerodynamic performance. From the AGS active air intake grille on the front face to the low wind resistance design on both sides of the front protection, from the front and rear wheel spoilers to the cabin bottom guard, from the low wind resistance aerodynamic tail to the low wind resistance wheel hub, the whole car has 24 leading aerodynamic drag reduction designs, achieving a wind resistance coefficient of 0.269. The wind resistance coefficient of the whole vehicle has decreased by 0.141 cumulatively, an extreme reduction of nearly 35%, which is equivalent to the wind resistance coefficient falling from ordinary high-speed rail to bullets, and the cruising range has increased by 77.6km.

Comprehensive breakthroughs in intelligent architecture, high-performance three power, wind resistance, etc., have achieved excellent battery life. Geely Galaxy E5 uses 49.52kWh/60.22kWh Geely’s self-developed Aegis short knife battery to achieve a minimum power consumption of 11.9kWh 100 kilometers, and a cruising range of 440km/530km under CLTC conditions, which can be called "unique" among pure electric SUVs of the same level.

Not only that, the high value of Geely’s "popular" products not only brings a pleasing visual experience, but also makes the original design with "Chinese charm" shine globally. Galaxy E5 adopts the aesthetic elements of "Chinese charm", draws design inspiration from Chinese porcelain, and builds a visual effect with both popular and traditional culture with different curvature surfaces. The front face features a "ripple of light, rhythmic grille" design that incorporates cornice Tiger Vision headlights, Tiger Beard C-type lamps, and other designs that have formed family characteristics, resulting in high recognition. The side features a hidden door handle and low wind resistance wheels, which benefit from the aerodynamic optimization of the body at 24 points. The wind resistance coefficient is as low as 0.269 Cd, which can increase the cruising range by 77.6 kilometers. The rear sunrise through-type tail light and a large spoiler make the whole simple and full of rhythmic effects.

Entering the car, the Galaxy E5 adopts a dual-screen combination of narrow-spoke full-LCD instrument + large-size floating central control screen, with a double-spoke flat bottom. The configuration is also quite rich, the front main and auxiliary drivers are equipped with 3-speed heating and ventilation, as well as steering wheel heating, 256-color ambient light 16-speaker sound system, etc., whether it is the details and workmanship, it is quite solid.

In terms of intelligent experience, the Galaxy E5 also leaves no room for effort. Thanks to the GEEA 3.0 electronic and electrical architecture supported by the GEA architecture, the Galaxy E5 is equipped with the FlymeAuto system developed by the Meizu car machine. As a result of the acquisition of Meizu, the Meizu car machine has also been fully loaded into Geely models, and its performance should be comparable to Huawei’s Hongmeng system. Since then, Geely’s smart cockpit has formed its own technical fortress, which is very helpful for the brand to enhance its position in the field of intelligence.

It is the first domestic car-grade 7nm "Longying No. 1". Based on its super computing power, it can realize the four-screen linkage function of central control screen, instrument panel, head-up display screen and mobile phone, and has a good response speed. In addition, it will also be equipped with AI wizard and high-speed OTA.

In terms of body size, the Geely Galaxy E5 has the standard A-class 4615 × 1901 × 1670mm body size and 2750mm wheelbase, but through the clever use of space, it can give users a generous second row space, up to 33 storage spaces and a variety of seat combinations. The second row of the Geely Galaxy E5 seats a passenger who is 180cm tall, and still has nearly two punches of knee space and one punch of overhead space. The oversized cockpit space is better than the mid-sized SUV of traditional luxury brands.

Write at the end

Relying on global R & D standards, global ultra-high quality, and global high safety standards, Geely Galaxy E5, which integrates Chinese original design, GEA intelligent architecture, Galaxy Flyme Auto, Flyme Sound and other advanced intelligent technologies, will redefine the intelligent "pure electric three-good SUV" for future travel with the three core values of good-looking, easy-to-open and intelligent users. The successful holding of this Geely Galaxy E5 meeting more perfectly interprets the extraordinary style of the "pure electric three-good SUV". With the launch of Geely Galaxy E5, it will inject strong competitiveness into Geely Automobile in the new energy market of 15-200,000 yuan, and give users a unique "E" new value choice.

　　Recently, Meizu bought a 100-meter advertising booth at the Capital Airport, boldly declaring: "AI For New Generations, a new generation of artificial intelligence, I am Meizu." However, Meizu officials did not specify what kind of AI equipment will be launched, only that there will be a new "tomorrow equipment" will be unveiled soon.

　　AI artificial intelligence, a mysterious word, has actually become ubiquitous in our lives. From smartphones and smart homes to driverless cars and medical care, the application of AI models is constantly expanding, bringing unprecedented changes to our lives. In this era of Internet of Everything, whoever can master AI technology will be able to take the lead in the future artificial intelligence competition.

　　Domestic mobile phone manufacturers have obviously realized this. Huawei, Xiaomi, OPPO and other brands have all laid out AI models, striving to gain a place in the fierce market competition. Now, Meizu has also joined the competition, which will undoubtedly make the competition more intense.

　　As a mobile phone manufacturer centered on design, quality and user experience, Meizu’s move this time seems to be a signal: in the future, Meizu will strive to create smarter and more personalized products to provide users with a more convenient and efficient life experience. ALL in AI is fully transformed, and Meizu’s "tomorrow device" will be a mobile phone? Or a new product line?

　　Although it is not clear what kind of AI equipment Meizu will launch, it is foreseeable that with the continuous maturity of AI big model technology, future Meizu products will be more intelligent and more user-friendly. Perhaps, in the near future, we can see a Meizu intelligent machine integrated with AI big model.

　　For mobile phone manufacturers, the AI big model is recognized as the future development track and direction. Although the application of AI at the end point of smartphones is still relatively primary, the future popularization and promotion are still worth looking forward to. Meizu’s early deployment of AI at this stage may bring users smarter end point interactions and more efficient AI experience changes.