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　　Editor’s Note: Looking back at the 40-year history of reform and opening up, it is the period of rapid urbanization in China. The reform dividend has been greatly released in the process of urban development and citizenization of population, thus giving birth to a number of world-class big cities that China is proud of. With the spatial development boundary of many big cities facing the "ceiling", environmental pollution, traffic congestion and other big city diseases frequently occur, the "single soldier" path of urban development is out of date, and the marginal effect of reform is decreasing. Therefore, as early as the 11th Five-Year Plan, China proposed that urban agglomeration should be the main form to promote urbanization. As a result, the new path of urban development has become a trend. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further pointed out that urban agglomerations should be the main body to build an urban pattern of coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and accelerate the urbanization of agricultural transfer population. In the new wave of reform and opening up, what reform dividends will the deepening urban agglomeration development strategy bring to China, and what kind of interest disputes and development dilemmas will it face? The editorial department of the semi-monthly talks organized an urban agglomeration research team before the National People’s Congress, and went to many places to learn about the latest trends of the development of major urban agglomerations and explore new ideas, new models, new paths and new hopes for the development of urban agglomerations.

　　Reconstruction of "New Map" of China Economy by Urban Agglomeration

　　Half-monthly discussion on urban agglomeration investigation team

　　With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, the development pattern of urban agglomeration, as the main form of new urbanization, has begun to emerge, and has gradually become an important carrier and platform to lead China’s economic transformation and upgrading. Multi-dimensional urban integration is promoting the interconnection and coordinated integration of urban agglomerations, which not only optimizes the original urban system and pattern, but also brings more tangible sense of gain to the people.

　　The core that determines the future regional competitiveness

　　Urban agglomeration refers to a group of cities with compact spatial organization, close economic ties, and finally a high degree of urbanization and integration, which is formed by taking more than one mega-city as the core and at least three mega-cities as the constituent units and relying on developed infrastructure networks such as transportation and communication.

　　Fang Chuanglin, director of the Regional and Urban Planning Research Center of the Institute of Geographical Resources of China Academy of Sciences, pointed out that urban agglomeration is the mainstream and trend of urban development in the world today. At present, there are five recognized large-scale world-class urban agglomerations, such as the Atlantic coastal urban agglomeration with new york as the center, the Great Lakes urban agglomeration with Chicago as the center, and the Pacific coastal urban agglomeration with Tokyo as the center.

　　Globally, urban agglomeration has become a brand-new regional unit for countries to participate in world competition and international division of labor, which determines the new pattern of political and economic development in the 21st century, is an important carrier of the shift of world economic center of gravity, and is also the main position of competition between countries. According to the World Bank’s report "Reshaping World Economic Geography", half of the world’s production activities are concentrated on only about 1.5% of the world’s land area. Take the urban agglomeration along the Atlantic coast of the United States as an example. This urban agglomeration with an area of 60,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1.5% of its land area, has a population of 45 million, accounting for 20% of the total population of the United States; The manufacturing industry accounts for 30% of the country’s total output value, and it is the largest production base, commercial and trade center in the United States and the largest international financial center in the world.

　　Nowadays, the construction of urban agglomerations in China is advancing rapidly, and the development pattern has initially taken shape. According to the relevant national planning, urban agglomeration is the main form of new urbanization, and the development priorities of the three major urban agglomerations in the eastern region and several urban agglomerations in the central and western regions are defined, with emphasis on the development of urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Central Plains, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Harbin-Changzhou. Judging from the development degree, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations are relatively mature, and their comprehensive development level has an absolute advantage, representing the highest form of urban agglomeration development in China.

　　Zhang Xueliang, deputy secretary-general of the China Association for Regional Science and vice president of the School of Urban and Regional Science of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, believes that urban agglomeration is the core that determines the future regional competitiveness and will become the "main engine" of China’s development. The reason is that China’s regional economy is changing from "plate economy" to "urban agglomeration economy", and all kinds of production factors and economic activities are gathering in the central city and the urban areas around the central city. In 2013, 23 urban agglomerations in China, accounting for 28.9% of the country’s land area, gathered 63.8% of the country’s population and created 85.7% of the regional GDP.

　　"polymerization effect" has become a new kinetic energy to stimulate transformation.

　　"Our Taifu reloads more than 80% of employees’ homes in Changsha, and the company sends 8 buses to and from Changsha and Xiangtan every day to pick up and drop off employees." Xie Fangli, vice president of Taifu Heavy Equipment Group, headquartered in Xiangtan National Economic Development Zone, told reporters that as Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan entered the "half-hour commuting circle", there were more and more cross-city office workers in the three cities. The development of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration in Hunan Province is getting better and better, and the integration and synergy effect are obvious. No matter the economic aggregate, growth rate and development quality, it ranks in the forefront of Hunan Province, achieving the effect of "1+1+1>3".

　　The "agglomeration effect" of urban agglomeration is becoming a new kinetic energy to promote China’s economic transformation and a "strong engine" to stimulate urban innovation in the region. In the Yangtze River Delta, the "Shanghai-Jiaxing-Hangzhou G60 Science and Technology Corridor", which aims to create an influential scientific and technological innovation highland in the world, is fully promoting its construction. Shanghai has the leading capability of scientific and technological innovation in China, and Hangzhou is building a globally influential "internet plus" innovation and entrepreneurship center, with G60 Expressway as the link, Shanghai and Hangzhou as the dual core, and Jiaxing as the supporting area, breaking administrative divisions, promoting the free flow and optimal allocation of scientific and technological elements such as talents, funds, devices and projects, and the resulting innovation ecosystem and industrial cluster effect have become the key to the rapid rise of the region and maintaining sustainable development. The data shows that the added value of information economy in Hangzhou in 2016 was 268.8 billion yuan, contributing more than 50% to the city’s GDP growth.

　　The practice of "Shanghai-Jiaxing-Hangzhou G60 Science and Technology Corridor" is only the epitome of industrial transformation and upgrading in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Urban agglomeration has become an important growth pole of regional economy, which will reconstruct the "new map" of economy and support China’s sustained economic development in the future.

　　On the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway with a length of more than 100 kilometers, there are a number of leading enterprises in the industry and "Gazelle Enterprises" with good growth and leaping development trend. Eight local Fortune 500 companies have taken root here, and world-renowned companies such as Tencent, Huawei, ZTE, DJI and OPPO have thrived here. These star enterprises are like pearls, strung together an innovative "necklace".

　　Yuan Jun, vice president of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that with the development of 40 years of reform and opening up, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen axis region, which is based on Guangzhou-Shenzhen expressway and rail transit, has gathered innovative elements such as high-tech talents, technology, information and capital, and initially formed the Guangzhou-Shenzhen innovation economic belt. In the future, more new technologies and new ideas will be integrated across the border in this innovation corridor, forming a super-industrial cluster with "blood" and becoming a sample of national innovation and development.

　　The "community of urban destiny" is beginning to take shape.

　　Many places are accelerating integration from multiple dimensions, trying to break down institutional and institutional barriers such as administrative divisions, and promoting inter-city interconnection and collaborative integration, and the "same city effect" is becoming increasingly apparent.

　　As a symbol of China’s sharing economy, the birthplace of bike-sharing is the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The reporter found in an interview with the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration that the connotation of sharing economy is constantly expanding, from the earliest bike-sharing and shared houses to a higher field and level.

　　For example, sharing scientific and technological innovation resources. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Science and Technology, three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta jointly launched the "Yangtze River Delta large-scale scientific instruments cooperation and sharing network". There are 1479 units and 17081 sets of large-scale scientific instruments and facilities with a value of more than 300,000 yuan in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, with a total value of 18.274 billion yuan, which effectively reduces the repeated investment in scientific research funds and experimental equipment purchase in the region.

　　In the shared factory based on the Internet, new entrants can entrust the existing capacity processing and manufacturing without building their own factories in the case of overall excess manufacturing capacity. Yuan Wei, general manager of Alibaba’s "Amoy Factory" business, said that sharing factories will commercialize the factory’s production capacity and rationally distribute production, which will help promote industry competition to turn to industry cooperation.

　　In addition to transportation integration, urban agglomerations also actively explore the integration of medical and health care, ecological and environmental protection and other fields. For example, Jiaxing and three medical institutions in Shanghai have established a cooperative relationship of peer-to-peer medical insurance network settlement, and the insured citizens can pay by credit card in hospitals in Shanghai through system direct connection. In order to solve the persistent problem of air pollution, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has accelerated the replacement of coal with electricity and gas, and achieved the "zero clearing" of loose coal. The average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by about 33% in 2016 compared with 2013.

　　The awareness of "dividing land into three parts per acre" among cities has been further broken, and coordinated development is getting better and better. Hebei Province has successively undertaken more than 12,000 industrial transfer projects such as advanced equipment manufacturing in Beijing and Tianjin, new generation information technology and modern trade logistics, and the investment of Beijing enterprises in Tianjin and Hebei has exceeded 200 billion yuan. "Industrial synergy is the substantive content and key support for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei." Zhang Junkuo, deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center, said that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are working together to build a community of urban destiny with coordinated development through industrial complementarity and integration. (Half-monthly talk about urban agglomeration research team: Fang Lie Liu Liangheng He Xinrong Xu Xuzhong Li Junyi Juck Zhang Bai Mingshan Zhao Ruixi)

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016 — The reply of "2035)" proposes to do a good job in protecting historical and cultural cities and shaping urban characteristics. The old city can no longer be demolished, and it should be guaranteed by vacating and restoring construction. The picture shows tourists visiting Xin Li in Qianmen Street, Beijing.

　　The development of urban agglomeration cannot lose its "soul"

　　Half-monthly discussion on urban agglomeration investigation team

　　For a long time, the construction of urban agglomerations in China has always tended to attach importance to economy and neglect culture. Although the economic aggregate and transportation infrastructure have taken on a new look, the development of cultural soft power has lagged behind, and urban construction has lost its soul, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Experts and scholars call on China to reverse the development path of urban agglomerations that emphasize economy and neglect culture, cultivate the cultural mechanism of urban agglomerations with distinct hierarchical system and active coordination, rebuild and revive the "small traditional culture" in different regions, enhance the cohesion of cultural identity, and build a "culturally confident urban agglomeration".

　　More than 600 cities have basically lost their individuality.

　　"Our more than 600 cities have basically lost their individuality, with vague context and vague memories, fragmented historical remains and chaotic cultural symbols." Feng Jicai, a famous writer, commented. Wu Liangyong, an academician of the two academies, also pointed out that the lack of personality is the biggest drawback of urban construction in China.

　　Mentioning the old railway station in Jinan is a pain that haunts the hearts of Jinan citizens. This railway station, which was built in 1904, was the only Gothic building community station in the world and the largest railway station in Asia at that time. It was once listed in the architectural textbooks of Tsinghua and Tongji, and was also listed as the first stop in the Far East by Travel in the Far East published by West Germany after the war. In 1992, the railway station was demolished to expand the station yard.

　　The fate of the old railway station in Jinan is only a microcosm of the destruction of historical sites and the cutting of urban context in the process of urbanization. This kind of phenomenon is also staged in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Chen Ming, deputy director of the Regional Planning Institute of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, revealed that with the outward expansion of Beijing’s urban areas, Tianjin and Hebei have moved closer to Beijing, and a large number of industrial parks and residential quarters have been laid out, forming an "iron fence" around Beijing. In this process, the historical and cultural corridors distributed here have been damaged to varying degrees, and many historical relics have disappeared.

　　According to statistics, about 44,000 ancient sites, temples and other cultural relics in China have disappeared, and a quarter of the remains still preserved are in a state of dilapidated maintenance. Many sites have not been protected and have been demolished in new construction projects. More than 3,500 cultural sites have been destroyed in Shaanxi Province alone.

　　On the one hand, it wantonly destroys historical sites, and on the other hand, it is keen to build high-rise buildings and move to foreign buildings, resulting in a "thousand cities on one side" of the city, many of which are grotesque and charming. Many cities have planned to build residential communities and "characteristic towns" with North American and European customs, and they have been crowned with foreign names: Florence Town, Paris Mansion, California Garden, Manhattan Plaza and so on.

　　Culture is the "lubricant" of inter-city communication.

　　What is even more worrying is that the development path of "emphasizing economy and neglecting culture" leads to unbalanced development, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Fan Zhou, dean of the Institute of Cultural Development of Communication University of China, pointed out that the ideal urban agglomeration is an urban community with a reasonable hierarchical system in terms of population, economy, society, culture and overall structure, and complementary functions and good coordination mechanisms in terms of spatial boundaries, resource allocation, industrial division of labor and cultural exchanges. "In fact, culture, as the soul of a city, can play a unique role in highlighting the humanistic characteristics of the city and enhancing the cultural identity of the city." Fan Zhou said.

　　Cannes, a famous French city, was once a small fishing village. In 1939, France established the Cannes Film Festival to fight against the Venice International Film Festival controlled by the Italian fascist regime at that time, which put Cannes on the fast track of urban development. After decades of development, Cannes International Film Festival has become one of the four largest and most important film festivals in the world, attracting more than 300,000 people every year, bringing great economic benefits and good reputation to the city. Cannes has thus become a world famous city. Around the world, Paris, Vienna, Stockholm … … And the list goes on.

　　"Culture has the characteristics of high added value and high penetration. It is an important thrust for industrial integration to be related to finance, grafted with technology and symbiotic with the Internet." Fan Zhou pointed out that the integration of culture and economy has become an inevitable trend and a new growth point for the economic development of urban agglomerations. Take Hangzhou as an example. In recent years, represented by its unique Liangzhu culture, silk culture, tea culture and many stories and legends handed down, Hangzhou has paid attention to the natural transition between traditional streets and modern life, and formed a unique external cultural understanding of "Qiantang Prosperity" and "Leisure and Elegance", which has promoted the competitiveness of urban culture.

　　Peng Jinsong, deputy director of the Institute of Urban Development of Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the transaction cost or friction cost of urban agglomerations formed on the basis of culture will be reduced in factor flow, commodity trading and other social interactions, which is conducive to maintaining the development and normal operation of urban agglomerations. For example, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the west side of the Taiwan Strait, Chengdu and Chongqing are supported by Wuyue culture, Lingnan culture, Minnan culture and Bashu culture respectively, which play a vital role in enhancing cultural identity and cohesion among cities.

　　Fill the "cultural gap" and build the "soul of the city"

　　Liu Shilin, president of the Urban Science Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, suggested that in the face of the "lack of culture" of urban agglomerations, China should reverse the development path of urban agglomerations that "emphasize economy and neglect culture", promote the innovation of urban planning theory, methods, institutional mechanisms and the protection of laws and regulations, effectively protect and inherit the urban context, and strive to build a "culturally confident urban agglomeration".

　　Do a good job in top-level design, strengthen policies and mechanisms and legal protection. Based on the inherent laws of cultural construction in the process of urbanization, we will constantly improve various laws, regulations, supporting policies and rules and regulations such as cultural relics, ancient buildings, protection of historical blocks, protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and establish an institutional system for urban cultural protection and cultural heritage.

　　Promote the innovation of urban planning theory, method and system and mechanism. It is suggested that the relevant state departments should take the lead in selecting experts from traditional disciplines such as literature, history, linguistics, philosophy, art and sociology, as well as emerging disciplines such as urban science, cultural studies and cultural industries, and carry out in-depth basic theoretical research, so as to develop a standard system of cultural planning in China corresponding to the international community, and provide scientific theory and strategic guidance for the planning and construction of urban agglomerations in China.

　　Adhere to overall coordination and integrate social resources. It is necessary to fully mobilize social forces and private capital to participate in urban cultural protection and cultural heritage. Realize the integration of resources and channels and the diversification of cultural protection and inheritance subjects and methods. It is necessary to make full use of emerging technologies such as the Internet, big data and cloud computing to realize the creative transformation of traditional culture and make urban culture "live".

　　In addition, establish a scientific evaluation mechanism to realize dynamic management. It is necessary to establish a dynamic tracking management mechanism before, during and after the event, do a good job in statistical monitoring and performance evaluation, and constantly adjust management methods and policies and measures according to the evaluation feedback. (Half-monthly talk about urban agglomeration research team: Fang Lie Liu Liangheng He Xinrong Xu Xuzhong Li Junyi Juck Zhang Bai Mingshan Zhao Ruixi)

　　This is Shenzhen Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve located in the hinterland of the city. The beautiful environment benefits from industrial innovation and institutional innovation. The high-standard green economic system and the closed-loop reform of the ecological civilization system have enabled Shenzhen’s "ecological dividend" to be released. Photo by Wang Xiaodan

　　To cure "serious illness", it is necessary to build a "green urban agglomeration"

　　Half-monthly discussion on urban agglomeration investigation team

　　Because of the large-scale population and economic activities in urban agglomeration, environmental pollution and other "big city diseases" are increasingly prominent. On the practical level, there are some problems in the environmental collaborative governance system of urban agglomerations in China, such as imperfect laws and regulations, lack of authority in the collaborative mechanism and insufficient participation of social forces. Therefore, it is necessary to reshape the pattern of coordinated environmental governance of urban agglomerations, such as source control, open cooperation and multi-governance, in order to reverse the deterioration trend of urban agglomerations’ environment.

　　"serious illness" of urban agglomeration

　　"The smog in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been too heavy in recent years. My wife and I are particularly worried that the health of children will be affected. After a long hesitation, we finally made up our minds to leave Beijing. " Zeng Cheng, 32, gave up his decent job in a financial central enterprise two years ago, and married with children came to Shenzhen to start over. He said that although it was necessary to move, the whole family felt comfortable now.

　　According to "2016 China Environmental Status Bulletin" issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the proportion of excellent days in 13 cities at or above the prefecture level in that year ranged from 35.8% to 78.7%, and the average proportion of days exceeding the standard was as high as 43.2%. Among the 74 monitoring cities, 10 cities with relatively poor ambient air quality accounted for 6 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　In addition to smog, acid rain pollution in some urban agglomerations cannot be underestimated. According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the acid rain area in China was about 690,000 square kilometers in 2016, accounting for 7.2% of the land area. It is worth noting that these acid rain pollution "hardest hit areas" are highly overlapped with urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Today’s environmental protection management can’t go it alone. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the relevant ministries and commissions of the state issued intensive regulations and policies on environmental cooperative governance of urban agglomerations. In 2012, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas was issued, which requires the establishment of a joint prevention and control mechanism for regional air pollution in key urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.

　　In addition to the top-level design launched by the central government and ministries, the cooperation between local governments has been deepened, and multi-level inter-city cooperation mechanisms have been established in urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Hunan. For example, Guangzhou and Foshan have continuously improved the regional environmental monitoring network, jointly promoted the construction of the water environmental quality monitoring network, determined the monitoring norms of cross-border river basins, and informed each other of the water quality monitoring data of cross-border sections.

　　During the interview in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, the local cadres and the masses talked about Hunan’s protection of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan’s "green heart". Lvxin is located in the junction of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, covering an area of 522.87 square kilometers. This area is full of low hills, lush vegetation and lush. At one time, under the guidance of the thinking of "space city", the urban boundaries of the three cities continued to expand, and the green heart was once eroded and eroded, shrinking year by year. Decision-makers in Hunan have gradually realized that making use of the location advantage of Green Heart to become a "green wedge" between Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan urban agglomerations can effectively prevent the spread and expansion of the three cities. After that, starting with the planning and legislative guarantee, Hunan successively issued the Master Plan for the Ecological Green Heart Area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration and the Regulations on the Protection of the Ecological Green Heart of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan in Hunan Province, which kept this precious green space in the middle of the urban agglomeration.

　　Although the progress of joint prevention and control of ecological environment in China’s urban agglomerations is obvious, it is still far from enough, and it has not yet stepped out of the dilemma of "one side controls the pollution, and where there is a problem, where there is a problem". The cooperation between some local governments only stays in words and on paper, and has not really turned into joint action.

　　Beijing borders Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, with an administrative boundary line of 115 kilometers. "Taking the mountain as the boundary, one mountain is worth two days. You don’t need to look at the road signs. If there are fewer and fewer trees on the mountain, you will go out of the Beijing boundary and get pregnant." People in Huailai County often say this to Beijing tourists. In addition to the drought and lack of rain as we go northward, the financial input standard of afforestation and forest protection is an important reason. "The financial investment of planting an acre of land in the mountains in Yanqing District of Beijing is 8,000 yuan. It is good for Huailai to take out 800 yuan." A garden worker in Huailai County revealed. In fact, as an ecological conservation area in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Huailai County does not neglect ecological protection, but the difference in investment is determined by financial strength and economic level.

　　Chen Ming, deputy director of the Regional Planning Institute of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, said that the root cause of the above phenomenon mainly lies in administrative division, the coordination mechanism within urban agglomerations has not been straightened out, and the authority of the coordination agencies is insufficient, which leads to the administrative subjects acting in their own way and constraining each other. In addition, the existing environmental laws and regulations in China have not yet defined the main body and power and responsibility of environmental governance in urban agglomerations, and it is difficult to ensure the implementation of inter-city cooperation, which weakens the effectiveness of cooperation policies.

　　"The internal environmental protection standards of urban agglomerations are different, with obvious differences, relatively simple policy means, mostly mandatory means, lack of economic regulatory and encouraging policies, and poor social participation." Li Yue, a professor at the Party School of Changsha Municipal Committee, said.

　　How to build a "green urban agglomeration"

　　Environmental cooperative governance of urban agglomeration is a cross-administrative collective action based on common destiny and common development, which needs to coordinate and balance the interests of all parties and form an institutionalized and standardized cooperative mechanism. In this regard, some exploration experiences at home and abroad are worth learning.

　　First, balance the interest relationship between the environmental protection contribution areas and the environmental protection benefit areas within the urban agglomeration. Wang Kexiu, a professor at the Department of Economics Teaching and Research at the Party School of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, said that the interest compensation mechanism should be based on the principle of "polluters pay, managers benefit, and beneficiaries compensate". For example, the improvement of Changsha’s environment needs the support of upstream cities such as Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. If Changsha and the upstream cities can reach an interest compensation mechanism, it will accelerate the whole process of environmental improvement in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and Xiangjiang River basin.

　　Second, enhance the authority and enforcement of the environmental collaborative governance mechanism. For example, in the process of controlling ozone pollution in Los Angeles urban agglomeration, the United States has established a joint prevention and control mechanism of regional air pollution with unified planning, monitoring, supervision, evaluation and coordination. Several states in the northeastern United States have also jointly established the Ozone Transport Association (OTC), which is composed of state representatives and members of the Environmental Protection Agency, and is responsible for setting regional emission reduction targets for volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides and supervising their implementation.

　　Third, give play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of environmental resources in urban agglomerations and build a multi-incentive and restraint mechanism. For example, taking the property rights of resources and environment as the core, we should improve the system of paid use of resources, levy carbon tax on enterprises with high pollution and high energy consumption, implement the system of pollutant discharge permit and emission trading, force the industrial transformation and upgrading in urban agglomerations, and improve the ecological compensation mechanism in urban agglomerations.

　　Fourth, enhance public participation and strengthen law enforcement. "In the formulation of environmental legislation and standards, the United States has provided smooth channels of participation and supervision mechanisms for the government, enterprises, media and non-governmental organizations, and formed effective public supervision, thus promoting the government’s determination and strength in governance." Greg Yarwood, a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Clean Air Research Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency, believes that although many urban agglomerations in China are different from those in Los Angeles and other places in the United States, the governance process also needs the attention and full cooperation of the government, enterprises and the public. (Half-monthly talk about urban agglomeration research team: Fang Lie Liu Liangheng He Xinrong Xu Xuzhong Li Junyi Juck Zhang Bai Mingshan Zhao Ruixi)

　　Article source: Cosmetic beauty awards WeChat WeChat official account

　　Original title: Real-life teaching | How to build the hottest Y2K wind this year in two steps?

　　Author: Poney

　　It is said that fashion is a closed loop, and Xiaobian recently found that it is. The fashion of the Millennium 20 years ago is popular again this year, and it is ——Y2K wind.

　　What you are coming to now is

　　Y2K Aesthetics Channel

　　Singers who launched new songs this year have all retro this style in MV modeling. For example, Blackpink, who frequently searched hot before, returned to the shape of new songs this time, which is extremely exaggerated and bold hair color and makeup, as well as sweet and cool clothing style, all of which have the feeling of a Millennium spice girl.

　　Source: Blackpink《How You Like That "

　　All kinds of magazine blockbusters have also followed this trend in unison. The futuristic sci-fi elements such as leather, reflection and laser are not absent from the large-scale modeling. These elements are particularly popular when the development of science and technology in the Millennium is flourishing, representing people’s beautiful expectations for the beginning of the new century.

　　Having said that, you may be confused, so why is this style called "Y2K"? Don’t worry, it’s time for Xiaobian’s fashion science popularization!

　　What is Y2K?

　　Y2K actually refers to "Year 2000 Kilo", Y2K = 2000. Y2K first talked about the bug—— that appeared in computer programs since 2000-"Y2K problem".

　　What is Y2K aesthetics? What are the characteristics?

　　Y2K aesthetics is futurism in the Millennium. At that time, Internet technology was just emerging, and people were full of all kinds of bold and beautiful fantasies about the future. In the fashion world, it is manifested in the future elements such as metallic feeling, reflection, bright colors of candy, irregular design, etc. At that time, this style can be seen in music MV, film and television dramas and the shapes of major shows.

　　Issey Miyake’s Spring/Summer 1996 collection, a series of metallic laser-like translucent coats are also fashionable and classic now.

　　This style is now popular again. Xiao Bian thinks the reason is that it can not only express personality, but also is not so difficult to control!

　　I’m still ready for you todayMake-up teaching and dressing teaching are two parts.! Let’s follow the article to learn!

　　Candy-colored eye makeup

　　Use single items

　　Urban Decay honey dish

　　The most obvious performance of Y2K wind in makeup is all kinds of exaggerated candy-colored eye makeup. The rainbow colors in the eye shadow tray that are rarely used at ordinary times can come in handy here! What you want is to be clear enough and unique enough!

　　Xiaobian has also produced a lot of eye makeup of this candy color before.

　　However, this time, in order to take into account everyone’s practicality, Xiaobian chose the golden system that novices can operate better, using the honey plate of Urban Decay’s family. The powder of this dish is excellent, and it is particularly smudged when applied!

　　Of course, painting Y2K eye makeup is not a scribble. Just like painting eye shadow normally, you should first use matte color to make a base, and then deepen the double eyelids and the end of the eyes. Its finishing touch is to draw an eyeliner at the end of the eye with the brightest color in the eye shadow tray (this tray is made of gold flash)! The whole eye makeup immediately became very special. If you want to exaggerate the makeup effect, you can choose a color with higher saturation in the choice of background color.

　　Sequin embellishment

　　Use single items

　　Black rouge Liquid Eye Shadow #g04+ Flash

　　The essential soul of Y2K eye makeup is to "flash"! Flash enough to attract people!

　　You can apply a little liquid eye shadow to your eyelids and lower eyelids first. Xiaobian used the Korean Black rouge liquid eye shadow #g04 this time, which is purple and polarized, and the eyes are super beautiful! It’s durable and not easy to drop.

　　Then, use glue to touch the larger flash and stick it at the end of eyes and eyebrows. Xiaobian also uses the daily star flash and circular flash. It will flash in the light ~

　　Of course ~ if you are taking pictures! You can also get some bigger and more design-oriented flash ornaments! The effect will be more beautiful! (You can find a lot by going to a treasure to search for face ornaments.)

　　Shuiguang lip makeup

　　Use single items

　　Amore Love Lip Glaze #04

　　Y2K’s lip makeup is generally not exaggerated in color, so as not to steal the limelight of eye makeup ~ but it also needs the watery feeling of Buling Buling ~

　　Xiaobian uses Amore’s love lip glaze No.4 color, which is a bit like watermelon red and very white! After the film is formed, it is a sense of sight.

　　Exaggerated highlight

　　Use single items

　　BOBBI BROWN streaky pork highlights

　　The highlights, don’t be soft! Take out your brightest highlights ~ Put them on your nose, risorius and brow bones ~ Xiaobian uses Barbie Brown’s streaky highlights! The gloss is very strong!

　　Pick hair color

　　hair color

　　Green hanging ear dyeing

　　The last step of dyeing your hair depends on your personal preference ~ Be more "hot girl", of course, you can’t miss the most popular highlights this year ~ Xiaobian dyed a green ear, and this time she rolled it up ~ Finally, let me show you the effect of the whole makeup! Does it feel like a Millennium women’s group?

　　The makeup part is completed here. Let’s learn to wear it with Xiaobian!

　　Bunt jacket+wide-leg pants/flared pants/leg-tied pants

　　Bunt top+wide-leg pants/flared pants/leg-tied pants, which are short on the top and long on the bottom, tight on the top and loose on the bottom, is also a classic shape in the music MV of the Millennium. For example, Britney Spears’ early MV is almost always in this style.

　　This year, Victoria Song went out in the creation camp for many times, and it was also a combination of short tops and wide-leg pants ~ especially youthful and energetic!

　　Xiao Bian feels that this collocation is particularly friendly to pear shape, which has a thin waist, and can make people look more slender visually.

　　Recommended items

　　Metallic luster, gradient laser, sequins.

　　A large part of the Y2K wind depends on one word-flash! Whether it’s metallic luster, gradient laser or sequins, you are fashionable enough to shine.

　　Metallic clothes, you will feel the texture of clothes instantly improved when you wear them ~ super imposing!

　　Graded laser clothes are full of technology, especially cool under the light. If you feel that laser clothing is not everyday, it is also very good to only wear bags and shoes with laser wind ~

　　Among the clothes with flash elements, the flash skirt with suspenders has always been the "big killer" for female stars when attending various ceremonies, and the upper body immediately became 2.8 meters tall.

　　Recommended items

　　see-through blouses

　　Perspective clothes are particularly popular this year. Whether in INS or Little Red Book, you can see that it is also the favorite of many star net reds.

　　Perspective shirts with jeans can be very casual and everyday ~

　　The perspective gauze skirt can also be fluttering ~

　　Recommended items

　　Retro powder

　　I don’t know if you have seen the movie The Fast and the Furious ~ The famous scene of Devon Aoki standing in front of a pink sports car in pink pants impressed Xiaobian deeply ~ It was full of wildness and freedom!

　　Pink is a classic color of Y2K style. Any single product with this retro pink seems to be sweet and cool!

　　Recommended items

　　Daddy sandals

　　Old sandals, once rejected, have become a must-have item in the fashion industry this year under the Y2K trend ~ Xiaobian also likes it! Because it’s really comfortable to wear! Compared with high-heeled sandals, there is a feeling of liberating your feet! It’s also very casual and versatile ~ you can’t make mistakes in how to take it every day.

　　Recommended items

　　Make-up teaching and dressing teaching are all over here ~ Finally, I’ll give you two small eggs:

　　One-click transformation into Y2K wind retouching app

　　Wake up

　　There are many retro stickers.

　　Retro filter

　　Try Y2K Wind’s Dress-up Experience Shop offline.

　　Dress up reloading experience hall

    Recently, the 20th China (Changchun) International Automobile Expo officially opened. As an important window to show the development history and industrial foundation of Changchun automobile, "FAW Theme Pavilion" has become a unique part of Changchun Automobile Expo, fully demonstrating the strength and cultural accumulation of national automobile brands.

    On July 16th, witnessed by the wonderful prologue of the Automobile Expo, Jilin Automobile Consumption Festival, Qihui China FAW Car Purchase Festival, and the 20th Changchun International Automobile Expo and Automobile Cultural Life Festival started simultaneously. At the opening ceremony, leaders of china automobile dealers association, Jilin Province, Changchun City and China FAW attended together, and Wang Zilian, deputy secretary of Changchun Municipal Committee and mayor, Shen Jinjun, president of china automobile dealers association, and Wang Guoqiang, director and deputy secretary of China FAW, delivered speeches on the spot.

    Launching ceremony of Jilin Automobile Consumption Festival, Qihui China FAW Car Festival, 20th Changchun International Automobile Expo and Automobile Cultural Life Festival.

   The luxury lineup of Auto Expo is duty-bound to boost consumption of FAW.

    As one of the pillar industries in China, automobile plays an extremely important role in the high-quality development of the national economy. Boosting automobile consumption is also regarded as an important direction. As the host city of Auto Expo, Wang Zilian, deputy secretary of Changchun Municipal Committee and mayor, expressed his welcome to guests from all walks of life in his speech, and also affirmed the achievements of Auto Expo and Hongqi brand.

    Speech by Wang Zilian, Deputy Secretary of Changchun Municipal Committee and Mayor

    After 23 years, Changchun Auto Expo has changed from a local auto show to a domestic first-class auto professional exhibition with international influence. It has become a beautiful business card of Changchun "Automobile City", an opportunity to promote the upgrading of automobile consumption, a feast of automobile culture and a window for industry exchanges and cooperation.

    This year, China FAW still maintains a high degree of enthusiasm for participating in the exhibition, taking Hall 9 as the brand exhibition hall of China FAW, and focusing on the development achievements of FAW as the leader of the national automobile industry and the unique brand charm of China automobile culture through all the brand models of FAW Group.

   Hongqi booth of Changchun Auto Expo

    Among them, Hongqi brand exhibited a total of 12 products including Hongqi H6, brand-new Hongqi H5, new Hongqi HS3, Hongqi HS7, new Hongqi HS5, Hongqi HQ9, Hongqi H9, Hongqi E-QM5, Hongqi E-HS9 and Hongqi LS7, and enhanced the high-end brand image of Hongqi with high-quality exhibition design, helping to increase sales through various activities. Boost the enthusiasm of automobile consumption and enlarge the consumption activity of automobile consumption market.

   Brand new red flag H5

   Hongqi E-QM5 and Hongqi E-HS9

    Changchun is the cradle of automobile industry in New China, and automobile has always been the pillar industry and lifeline of urban economic development. As a pioneer in China’s automobile industry, China FAW not only shows its solid industrial foundation, scientific research advantages and heavy automobile culture, but also brings more development opportunities to Changchun, and shoulders the responsibility and mission of boosting automobile consumption and building a powerful automobile country.

   Qihui Jilin hand in hand, Pratt & Whitney user China FAW in action.

    As a central enterprise rooted in Jilin Province, China FAW has always carried out its initial mission with practical actions. Over the past 70 years, China FAW has been working hard to fulfill its initial mission of serving the country and becoming an industrial power, shouldering the responsibility of being the "eldest son" of China’s automobile industry and contributing to the high-quality development of China’s automobile industry in the new era.

    Wang Guoqiang, director and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of China FAW, said in his speech: "FAW is duty-bound to develop Jilin. In order to actively respond to the requirements of the Notice on Organizing Automobile Consumption Promotion Activities, China FAW will officially launch the "Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of China FAW in Jilin and Giving Back to Users to Buy Cars Festival" today. This is an important measure to further implement the responsibility and further promote the development of automobile and automobile culture consumption market in Jilin Province, and it is also a true feeling that China FAW gives back to all walks of life, consumers and hometown elders. "

   Speech by Wang Guoqiang, Director of China FAW and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee

    From July 1st to July 31st, all automobile sales enterprises authorized by various brands of China FAW in Jilin Province can participate in the "Qihui Jilin China FAW Car Festival" if they buy cars with a price of 50,000 yuan or more (excluding operating vehicles and used cars). Subsidies include China FAW’s Hongqi, Jiefang, Pentium, FAW-Volkswagen, FAW Audi, FAW Toyota, FAW Jetta and other brands of passenger cars and light trucks.

   Qihui Jilin China FAW Car Festival Preferential Policies

    China FAW came from this fertile soil of Changchun, marked almost the whole development course of the new China automobile industry, and set up the world’s first impression of China automobile. After 70 years, China FAW has made unremitting efforts and condensed into the power source of China automobile industry.

    Don’t forget the blue rays when you come, and March forward regardless of the wind and rain. On the journey from a big automobile country to a strong automobile country, China FAW unswervingly promotes high-quality development, gives back to users with excellent products, and contributes to the construction of a strong automobile country.

CCTV News:Spring Festival travel rush ends on February 22nd, 2025. According to the data from the comprehensive transportation Spring Festival travel rush working class in 2025, in 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush, the cross-regional personnel flow of the whole society was 9.02 billion person-times, an increase of 7.1% over the same period in 2024.

Among them, the number of railway passengers sent was 510 million, a year-on-year increase of 6.1%; The turnover of highway personnel was 8.39 billion person-times, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%; The number of passengers sent by waterway was 31.21 million, a year-on-year increase of 7.6%; The number of passengers sent by civil aviation was 90.2 million, a year-on-year increase of 7.4%.

Inventory in Spring Festival travel rush in 2025: The "ice and snow fever" traffic in the north and south helps the ice and snow tour.

This year’s Spring Festival travel rush also presents a feature: whether it is cold in the north or warm in the south, there has been an ice and snow tourism fever.

The hosting of the Asian Winter Games has heated up the "two-hour" and "three-hour" economic and tourism circles with Harbin as the center. Domestic air ticket orders with Harbin as the destination increased by over 20% year-on-year, and hotel bookings increased by nearly 60% year-on-year. The cumulative reception of inbound tourists in Harbin increased by 144.7% year-on-year.

A major feature of Spring Festival travel rush this year is that ice and snow tourism fever has appeared in many places in the north and south of China. The data shows that the hotel booking fever in Altay, Yili, Qitaihe, Heilongjiang and Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia in the north increased by more than 40% year-on-year. The search heat of ice and snow consumption in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places in the south has more than doubled.

In order to cope with the ice and snow tourism fever, this year, Spring Festival travel rush, the railway departments around the country increased the frequency of trains running between the hot cities of ice and snow tourism. Railway and transportation departments around the country have opened up the "fast lane" of ice and snow tourism, realizing the seamless connection between railway stations, bus stations and ski resorts. In view of the surge of tourists going to Shangri-La, Yunnan for skiing, Yunnan Railway Department has started tourist trains from Xishuangbanna, Kunming, Dali and other popular tourist cities to Lijiang, and then the tourists will transfer to the EMU train from Lijiang to Shangri-La, which will go directly to Shangri-La. Xiamen, Fujian opened the first ice and snow theme train to Harbin.

Wu Zhenbin, the stationmaster of Xiamen North Station of Nanchang Bureau of China Railway, said: "We have designated a waiting area for group passengers in the waiting room and arranged special escort services to make the elderly groups travel steadily and feel warm."

3-meter height limit pole set in Gaocheng section of Shijiazhuang, National Highway 307(Xu Hui/photo)

　　Cctv news(Reporter Xu Hui) People often say, "If you want to get rich, you should build roads first". Smooth roads are a very important condition for a region’s economic development. "Shihuang Expressway" and National Highway 307 are two main trunk roads connecting Hengshui, Cangzhou, Shandong and other places in Shijiazhuang to the east, which are called "Rentong Second Vein" in Shijiazhuang. However, since May, these two roads have been renovated one after another, and the road capacity has been greatly reduced. The 3-meter height limit pole set in the Gaocheng section of Shijiazhuang, National Highway 307, all medium-sized and above trucks and buses can’t pass, which makes the originally congested road conditions worse and blocks this "Minsheng Road".

　　After the restriction, the truck driver spends 5000 yuan more every month.

　　Gaocheng District is close to Shijiazhuang City, and many villagers have been engaged in the freight industry for many years. There are more than 20,000 large trucks and tens of thousands of employees in the area, forming a number of "professional villages" for large trucks such as Zhijin Village, Guo Zhuang Village, Nanpeng Village and Shangzhuang Village.

　　In recent months, Shijiazhuang-Huanghua Expressway and Gaocheng Section of National Highway 307 have been built, and Gaocheng District has set a height limit pole with a height limit of 3 meters, so all medium-sized and above trucks and buses can’t pass. This has caused many big truck drivers to complain that "there is no way to go". Many large truck owners in Gaocheng District have no choice but to lie at home.

　　To this end, a truck driver compiled a doggerel to spit out the height limit pole in Gaocheng District: "The third ring road in Shijiazhuang is two and a half meters, and Gaocheng has 307 height limits; Gaocheng cart exceeds 20 thousand, and the cart economy is broken; Shi Huang won’t let go, Shi Heng hasn’t been repaired; Go around Xialiangkou and head up and block it into a ball. "

　　Wang Hai (a pseudonym), the owner of the truck in Brocade Village, said that the renovation of National Highway 307 in Gaocheng District began in May, and then the renovation of Shihuang Expressway began. The two main roads that Shijiazhuang passed eastward could only pass half way. Gaocheng District has set up a height limit pole on National Highway 307. In order to block the bypass passage of large trucks, many township roads and village roads in Gaocheng District have joined the ranks of height limit and restriction. "The roads in towns and villages are all afraid of being crushed by large trucks that bypass. Therefore, after setting up two height-limiting poles in Gaocheng District, obstacles are set up everywhere in the whole district to hinder the passage of large trucks." Wang Hai said.

　　It is understood that many large trucks in Gaocheng District transport coal from Shanxi Province to Tangshan. Now, after setting the height-limiting pole, we can only take the Dingwei line to the east, then turn to the Hengjing line, drive around the city expressway in Luancheng east, and drive into Qingyin Expressway about 10 kilometers south to Shanxi Province. "There is no charge for taking the national highway. This high-speed fee will cost 500 yuan. I come ten times a month, and this expenditure alone will cost an extra 5,000 yuan. " A truck owner introduced.

　　At the same time, many roads were renovated, and many large trucks and buses were squeezed onto the Hengjing line, resulting in serious traffic jams at Luancheng Expressway.

　　Mr. Zhao is a bus driver who travels between Shijiazhuang and Jinzhou every day. According to Mr. Zhao, the Gaocheng section of National Highway 307 can pass in ten minutes before the height limit pole is set on the road. After the road is built, his trip is blocked, and it is common for this section to pass in two hours. "There are limited high poles everywhere. I can only walk along this road, and I can only wait patiently in traffic jams."

After the installation of height limiting poles in Gaocheng District of Shijiazhuang City, height limiting poles were installed at several local intersections or village entrances to prevent large trucks from bypassing and crushing roads. (Xu Hui/photo)

　　Local hotels and car repair industries have been hit hard.

　　A few days ago, the reporter visited the site and found that Shihuang Expressway and National Highway 307 were renovated at the same time, which affected far more than large trucks and buses.

　　Mr. Gao opened a hotel in Gaocheng section of National Highway 307, and drivers were discouraged by the traffic jam for nine days. "I have a dozen rooms here, which used to be full every day, but I haven’t been full since I built the road."

　　Mr. Zhang, the owner of a repair shop near the 307 National Road, said that he only repairs small cars, but many cars are reluctant to repair them because the roads are too blocked.

　　Mr. Zhang, who lives in Shijiazhuang, is doing business in Jinzhou. He travels between Shijiazhuang and Jinzhou almost every day, and National Highway 307 is his preferred travel route.

　　After the 307 road was built, the height limit pole was installed, which made the originally congested road conditions worse. "It used to be an hour’s journey, but now it is normal to walk for two or three hours." The Shihuang Expressway, which is building a road, has only one lane, and it is even more difficult to move in the event of an accident. In addition, high-speed tolls have to be paid.

　　According to Mr. Zhang, more and more cars avoid National Highway 307 and choose to bypass the village. "There are many cars around, and the road around the village is getting harder and harder." To this end, Mr. Zhang had to choose to avoid traveling as much as possible. "The business there must be affected."

　　Mr. Zhang’s experience is just a microcosm of many obstacles encountered by the 307 road construction height limit pole.

　　"It’s a good thing to build roads. We should build one before another, or there may be other considerations." A driver said.

　　Road construction will affect some people’s travel, and the construction team will strive to complete it as soon as possible.

　　Zhu Guoyong, deputy manager of Hebei Qiutong Road and Bridge Engineering Co., Ltd., introduced that his company won the bid for the renovation project of Gaocheng section of National Highway 307, with a construction period of 18 months starting from April 1 this year. "We started construction on May 23, and the height limit pole was also put into use on this day."

　　Zhu Guoyong introduced that before the construction, Hebei Gaochong Road and Bridge Engineering Co., Ltd. and Gaocheng District Public Security Traffic Police Brigade jointly worked out the vehicle traffic plan during the construction period, and the height limit pole was one of the measures, with the aim of controlling the traffic of large vehicles and ensuring the smooth traffic of other vehicles. "We reported the vehicle traffic plan during the construction period jointly formulated with the traffic police team to the traffic police team, and the traffic police team then replied with the consent."

　　Regarding the impact on local cart owners caused by the installation of height-limiting poles, Zhu Guoyong said, "We try our best to ensure the smooth flow of roads so that they can pass. Just control, not break off. "

　　Zhi Qing Zhou, head of the Order Section of the Public Security Traffic Police Brigade in Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, said that the traffic volume of National Highway 307 is particularly large, with an average daily traffic of about 100,000 vehicles. Now it is a single traffic. If all of them are released, it will cause greater congestion, so now it can only be controlled.

　　Zhi Qing Zhou introduced that the traffic police force has also made a detour plan for the passage of big cars, and setting height limit poles is one of the traffic control measures.

　　However, according to the reporter’s investigation, some sections of the bypass route of large trucks are also under construction, and height-limiting poles have been newly installed.

　　Zhi Qing Zhou said: "It will definitely affect the travel rights of some people, but there is no way to build roads."

　　Zhu Guoyong said that the construction is being stepped up at present, aiming to complete it as soon as possible within the 18-month construction period. As for whether the height limiting pole will continue to be used after the road construction is completed, it depends on the government’s decision.

　　Argentina, which has entered a period of power change, is likely to repeat the same mistakes with the help of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

　　After the current Argentine President macri unexpectedly lost the primary election, the Argentine peso experienced a week-long sharp depreciation. On August 20th, local time, IMF spokeswoman Gerry Rice said: "We are paying close attention to the recent developments in Argentina and are in continuous dialogue with the authorities. They are also making policy plans to solve the difficulties facing the country." In addition, he added that IMF staff will travel to Buenos Aires "soon".

　　The IMF came out because macri signed a $57 billion loan agreement with it in 2018, which is also the largest rescue project in the IMF’s history, aiming at urging Argentina to abide by stricter fiscal and monetary policies and restoring investors’ confidence. However, according to the situation in the past year, these measures have slowed down the economy and hit investor sentiment.

　　"As far as the IMF’s assistance to Argentina is concerned, it hopes to help Argentina tide over the debt crisis and return to the international financial market. It should be said that its original intention is good and it has actually provided debt assistance." Yue Yunxia, director and researcher of the Economic Research Office of the Latin American Institute of the China Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with the First Financial Reporter: "But the problem is that the IMF’s estimation of the nature of the Argentine crisis is biased."

　　Why didn’t the IMF’s good intentions bring a good result to Argentina’s economy?

　　The market is in panic

　　When macri made up his mind to sign a high loan agreement with the IMF, the Argentine fiscal deficit was as high as 11% of the gross domestic product (GDP). At that time, because investors were cautious about Argentine bonds, macri urgently sought help from the IMF. With the full support of the United States, Argentina quickly obtained a loan of 50 billion US dollars.

　　Yue Yunxia told the First Financial Reporter: "After macri took office, Argentina regained the rescue of the IMF. This is actually a landmark event, which means that Argentina has been recognized by international financial institutions and markets again, which is of great significance."

　　However, the Argentine government claimed at the time that this was only a preventive plan to soothe investors’ emotions. But just two months later, macri was forced to admit that $50 billion was not enough to alleviate the demand, so he got another 7 billion additional loan from the IMF and promised to pay off about 90% of the total loan amount before the Argentine presidential election at the end of 2019.

　　On April 15th this year, after receiving the installment payment of $9.6 billion, macri bought pesos instead of building foreign exchange reserves or paying off debts. — Keep the exchange rate of Argentine currency stable, thus increasing his chances of re-election.

　　This scene is very similar to that in October 2001, when Argentina borrowed $8 billion from the IMF about 60 days before its debt default, most of which was used to buy pesos sold by foreign investors. After that, the price of Argentine government public bonds continued to fall, and the overnight lending rate of banks soared to the range of 250% ~ 300%.

　　Hector R. Torres, a senior researcher at the Center for International Governance Innovation, explained that investors’ mood is also extremely uneasy. He said: "If Argentina cannot pay off all its creditors after 2020, the IMF with priority creditor status will be paid first, and private investors may be forced to restructure their creditor’s rights, thus losing money."

　　"The more debt Argentina owes to privileged creditors like the IMF, the more difficult it will be to persuade non-privileged private investors to extend their debts and continue to provide financing for the country after 2020," he added.

　　The IMF failed to prescribe the right medicine

　　Yue Yunxia told the First Financial Reporter that the IMF’s original intention to help Argentina was good, but it prescribed the wrong prescription.

　　She introduced: "The IMF asked Argentina to carry out some market-oriented and liberalized reforms, so Argentina implemented exchange rate consolidation. Before Christina’s government, Argentina adopted a multiple exchange rate system. After the macri administration took office, it carried out the reform of exchange rate integration, that is, the exchange rate resumed the floating exchange rate according to the market-oriented idea. "

　　"Under such a circumstance, the exchange rate that belongs to market fluctuation actually provides opportunities for international capital to attack the peso," Yue Yunxia explained the consequences. "So Argentina had a currency crisis last year, and the exchange rate depreciation this year is also very serious, and the exchange rate depreciation has also increased Argentina’s economic difficulties and economic risks."

　　In addition, in exchange for the IMF’s assistance, the current Argentine government stated that according to the requirements of the agreement, Argentina will expand the pace of deficit reduction, and reduce the target of fiscal deficit as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) from 2.2% to 1.3% in 2019, and plan to achieve fiscal balance in 2020 and fiscal surplus in 2021.

　　Yue Yunxia said that the reform plan that the IMF is most used to proposing is to implement austerity policies. However, she does not think that the IMF is prescribing the right medicine: "If Argentina is facing a liquidity crisis, then the IMF may be able to tide over the difficult period by providing Argentina with more time and trading time for space. However, in the economic downturn, the austerity policy is not conducive to economic recovery, nor can it enable Argentina to solve the fundamental problem of debt and make it solvent. "

　　Recently, Alberto Fernandez, the Argentine opposition presidential candidate who won the primary election with 47% of the votes, said that it is difficult for Argentina to repay the IMF loan at present, and he will renegotiate the repayment with the IMF after his election.

　　In this regard, Yue Yunxia believes: "If the IMF can negotiate debt restructuring with Argentina at the negotiating table, at least one problem can be solved for Argentina, that is, it will not have a debt collapse for the time being."

　　Deja vu history

　　Yue Yunxia told the First Financial Reporter that this economic crisis in Argentina is very similar to the previous ones, and it is a problem of solvency, which is basically solved by restoring growth and improving solvency in Argentina.

　　However, during the previous economic crises in Argentina in 1998 and 2002, the IMF also pursued the wrong policies. In fact, in the 60 years since Argentina first borrowed from the IMF in 1958, the two countries have signed more than 20 agreements, most of which ended in failure. What keeps repeating in Argentina’s economic history is that after the implementation of the austerity policy under the guidance of the IMF, the country has symptoms such as devaluation of peso, rising public debt and instability of financial market.

　　Take Argentina’s economic crisis in 1995 as an example. At that time, President Carlos Sal Menem listened to the IMF’s advice and took measures such as raising taxes and interest rates, reducing the deficit of government budget and expenditure, privatizing state-owned enterprises and canceling import control. Joseph E. Stiglitz, winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics, pointed out that this is the IMF’s adherence to the double standards under the Washington Consensus, ignoring the local social, political and economic environment.

　　But why is Argentina "obedient" to the IMF? Economists concluded that this is because the international market regards the relationship between Argentina and the IMF as an indicator of whether Argentina’s economy is healthy. The former’s failure to comply with the IMF’s policies may cause opposition from investors, so how the IMF’s suggestions are no longer important, and "pleasing the market" has become the main purpose. On the other hand, the IMF was forced to build a plan to cater to market myths, and the problems were hard to return.

　　As Gilmer Nelson, former Secretary of State for Finance of the Ministry of Economy and Production of Argentina, once explained, he said: "About two years before the collapse of the free exchange mechanism in December 2001, the IMF gradually realized that the free exchange mechanism would eventually collapse due to the different fiscal policies adopted by successive Argentine governments. However, for political reasons, the IMF still supports the Argentine government’s unrealistic approach, so as not to end up in a freely convertible mechanism ’ Murderer ’ The reputation. " (elegant)

The progress of industry has actually made the current cars have more reliable quality, and people often pay more attention to the value of vehicles. Today, Xiaobian picked a car in a medium-sized suv and introduced it to everyone. It is. Let’s take you to appreciate its style.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Lingrui first. The front of Lingrui looks very avant-garde and unforgettable. Coupled with exquisite headlights, the overall design is very delicate. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4685 mm * 1935 mm * 1706 mm. The car adopts fashionable lines, and the car body looks very fashionable and generous, with large-sized thick-walled tires, which is eye-catching. Looking back, the overall shape of the rear of the car echoes the front face, and the taillights give people a very flamboyant feeling. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, the overall layout is impressive.

When I came into the car, the interior design of Lingrui was very elegant and the visual effect was very good. The steering wheel design of this car is very fashionable, equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel heating and so on, and everything looks very young. From the central control point of view, with the 12.3-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, the interior design is quite layered and looks very soft. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. The dashboard design is remarkable, giving people a very fashionable atmosphere. The car uses leather seats, which are wrapped in place and are very comfortable to ride.

Leading Rui matches the wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with the maximum power of 125KW and the maximum torque of 260N.m, and the power performance is good.

Next, look at the configuration. Leading Rui is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations.

Do you have a lot of ideas after reading today’s story? This Lingrui introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also has reached the mainstream level in various configurations, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience.

What I bring to you today is a-. As for the outstanding performance of the car, please read it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of AION V. The front face of AION V looks very unique and very recognizable. Coupled with headlights, it is in line with the "taste" of young consumers. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4605 mm * 1876 mm * 1686 mm. The car adopts spiritual lines, and the car side looks very stable and atmospheric. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite sporty. At the rear of the car, AION V’s tail lines are capable, and the taillights are very tough. Overall, it is relatively simple and generous.

Sitting in the car, the AION V interior looks very solid and makes people feel very stable. The steering wheel of the car is very deep in shape and made of imitation leather, which makes people fondle it. Take a look at the central control, with a 14.6-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks very angular. The interior feels good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks strong in technology. The car uses a genuine leather/imitation leather mix and match seat, and is equipped with functions such as auxiliary seat with memory electric adjustment, seat with memory electric adjustment, and seat proportion tilting, and the overall comfort is good.

AION V matches the gearbox, with an acceleration time of 7.9s per 100 kilometers, and the power is completely OK for daily use.

In terms of functional configuration, AION V is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations.

What’s your main impression of this car after reading the whole article? The model class introduced today is the most considered class when many people buy their first car, mainly because the size of this class is moderate and the price is reasonable.

For a long time, people always associate China brand cars with the word "cheap", but in recent years, China automobile brands have developed rapidly. Domestic cars have always been concerned, and today is one of them. Let’s get to know each other.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Emgrand L HiP first. The design of Emgrand L HiP front is relatively simple and very sporty. Coupled with full headlights, the overall look is very simple. The car is equipped with automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4735 mm * 1815 mm * 1495 mm. The car adopts round and lovely lines, which gives people a very eye-catching feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it gives people a very simple feeling. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end echoes the front end, and the taillights present a domineering and stylish design style with a younger personality.

When I came to the car, the interior of Emgrand L HiP was avant-garde and the overall design was exquisite. The car looks very good outside the steering wheel, made of plastic, and has a high palm fit. Take a look at the central control, with a 12.3-inch central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Finally, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a young and individual design style with a sense of science and technology. The car uses a leather-like seat, the seat is wrapped in place, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.

Equipped with traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), Bluetooth /WIFI connection, cruise control, voice control, intelligent key and other configurations, it has rich functions and greatly improves its convenience.

After reading the above introduction, let’s make a summary. The car introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also has reached the mainstream level in various configurations, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience.

Manfred Weber, Chairman of the European People’s Party Group of the European Parliament, and Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, posted on social media on October 9 to talk about the Hungarian political situation. Weber even directly called Hungarian Prime Minister Orban "a thing of the past", while Hungarian opposition leader Peter magyar and his party "are the future". On October 11th, Orban pointed out in an interview that Weber and Ursula von der Leyen were "openly expressing their intention to subvert the current Hungarian government". Orban said that although he had long felt that the two men "had this idea", it was "unusual" to make such a public statement.

On the day of Weber and Ursula von der Leyen’s posting, Orban made a speech in the European Parliament, pointing out that the EU is currently facing many problems such as competitiveness and illegal immigration, and refuted Ursula von der Leyen’s accusations against the Hungarian government on the spot. (CCTV News)