Original chestnuts guoke

People with normal vision read by light. The white paper is brighter and the black words are darker, so the naked eye can distinguish the words between light and dark.

What does the visually impaired read? One is by touch, and there are blind documents to touch. One is hearing. When some books are not translated into Braille, maybe you can find audio books.

If you can’t find a ready-made audio book, how can the blind read an ordinary printed book?

As early as 1913, Edmund Fournier d’Albe, a physicist at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, showed a scanner to help the blind listen to books, named "Optophone" (photoelectric reading device). A few years later, the equipment was transformed into a more practical version by a scientific instrument manufacturer.

In 1920, the magazine reported Scientific American.

When the machine sweeps a line of words from left to right, there will be a sound in the user’s headphones. However, the sound is not speech, but a combination of some notes.

Write the word "write" with notes.

Different note combinations represent different glyphs. For example, the letter T has a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, the horizontal direction is represented by a monosyllabic elongation, and the vertical direction is represented by a chord. The notes used here are the highest to SOH and the lowest to the lowest octave SOH.

The note corresponding to the letter t, Tiffany Chan

The height of the notes reflects the position of the ink on the paper: one horizontal of the T is at the top, just lengthen the highest note SOH, while one vertical of the T has ink from top to bottom, so you can play the five notes of SOH, FAH, MI, ME and DOH at the same time, which is a chord.

Then, when the letter T appears, the earphone should first emit a continuous SOH, with a short chord in the middle, and finally return to the continuous SOH. A letter, a word or a paragraph can be "written" with a string of notes:

The note combination corresponding to the word "Type" is Tiffany Chan.

As long as you are familiar with the correspondence between letters and note strings in advance, the blind can hear the contents of a book.

Translating glyphs into notes is not complicated in terms of rules, but it is only part of the work of this machine. Before that, it must first see what font is printed on the book before it can begin to translate.

Therefore, automatically scanning text is the most important thing.

Selenium can see black and white.

At the beginning, the naked eye can distinguish the words on the paper by light. The light returning from black letters is very weak, not as strong as the reflection of white paper. But how does the machine achieve similar perception?

Scientists thought of selenium, and the resistance of this substance will change with the intensity of light. Connect batteries on both sides of selenium. When the light hits the ink mark and then reflects to the surface of selenium, the resistance of selenium will be larger, and the current passing through it will be smaller. When light is reflected from the blank of the paper to the surface of selenium, the resistance of selenium will be smaller, and the current passing through it will be stronger.

The two sides of selenium are connected with a power supply, and the current is different with or without lighting [1]

Different lighting conditions will transform different electrical signals, so selenium can be used as a photodetector. When it sweeps a line of words from left to right, the signal strength will change with the alternation of black and white, which is not difficult to understand. The question is, how does the machine know whether the ink position is high or low, such as whether T is above or below?

Use different beams to scan different positions. If you divide a line of words into five layers, you need five different beams of light to scan it. The so-called different light means that each beam of light hits the surface of selenium to produce a unique electrical signal, which is different from other beams of light. Only in this way can we tell how high the light is calling from.

Divide a line of words into five layers [1]

So how do you divide a beam of light into five different beams?

Here is a porous disk with five holes. When the disc rotates at a speed of 30 revolutions per second, a beam of light is knocked over, and the light passing through the disc is divided into five beams, which are five intermittent (or fast flashing) lights.

Porous disc, Wikimedia Commons, reference [1]

When light is reflected to the surface of selenium intermittently, the current passing through selenium will fluctuate. The current fluctuation caused by these five beams of light is different: because the number of holes in five circles is different, the more holes, the more frequently the light is cut off and the higher the frequency of current fluctuation.

So there were five different beams of light. If they are hit at different positions, we can judge whether the light is reflected from a high place or a low place according to the frequency of current fluctuation. It’s not difficult to tell the difference between a horizontal T and a horizontal T.

The disc divides the light into five different beams.

The notes that users hear are also distributed according to the frequency of current fluctuation.

As for what tools to use to sense the fluctuation of current, the sensor in the telephone receiver can be competent. With the technology at that time, current fluctuations as small as 10-6 amps can be detected.

Is it black or white?

Wit, you may find that according to the principle described above, the strong current signal is the blank, and the weak signal is the ink mark. So, the notes that users hear represent not the ink, but the gaps around the ink?

This was the case with the original products in 1913, and those notes that the user did not hear indicated the location of the ink. When the spaces between words are scanned, all the notes will play together. Therefore, the inventor called it "White-Sounding Optophone".

The combination of notes it plays is so complicated that Mary Jameson, the best user, is trained to read only one word a minute on average. But she still became the first blind person to read ordinary printed books.

In 1918, Barr & Stroud, a manufacturer of scientific instruments, improved the equipment and added a second photosensitive element made of selenium to the photoelectric detector. After the light passes through the disc, part of the light still scans the text and reflects to the first photosensitive element; The other part of the light is directly turned to the second photosensitive element without scanning the text.

Add one more photosensitive element. Popular Science

By combining the signals of the two photosensitive elements, the signal of the blank part can be cancelled. In this way, the notes played by headphones represent ink and letter shapes, while the blank parts are muted. This version is also called "Black-Sounding Optophone".

Of course, its advantage is not only that the combination of notes becomes simple. The structure of the original equipment is fragile. Even if someone walks by heavily, some components may slide to the wrong position, which will affect the normal scanning. The improved equipment is much more stable.

In addition, the improved version also adds the function of adjusting the scanning speed, which can scan a line at the fastest time of 5 seconds and at the slowest time of 5 minutes. Users can choose the speed according to their proficiency in recognizing notes.

Mary jameson is reading Walden Lake.

Mary jameson also used an improved version of this "black voice". Later, her reading speed reached 60 words per minute. Mary became a heavy user of photoelectric reading devices from her school days to her later years.

But for most people, the combination of notes may still sound too complicated. Moreover, some letters with similar shapes, such as "u" and "n", are easily confused. In addition to using the threshold, the price is also prohibitive. 35 pounds in 1920 is about 1,500 pounds (about 13,000 RMB) or more today.

In 1920, the average price of a house in London was about 320 pounds.

In addition, the British Association for the Blind was trying to popularize Braille resources to the whole country, and the photoelectric reading device may pose a threat to the promotion of Braille, and it will not be supported by the association, and the sales volume has been pitiful.

However, commercial failure does not necessarily mean technical failure.

Technology that anyone may need.

In 1949, the engineers of RCA borrowed the principle of photoelectric reading device to create a new reading machine for the blind.

RCA reading machine, which can play the pronunciation of letters, such as "A-"[5]

It also needs to strike the light on the paper and then reflect it on the photoelectric element, thus distinguishing the shapes of letters; It also has a horn, which is responsible for shouting the corresponding sound.

However, the light-emitting device is no longer a lamp with a porous disk, but a cathode ray tube; The photoelectric element is no longer selenium, but photocell; What the trumpet calls out is no longer a note representing a glyph, but a real letter.

Most importantly, there is an additional component in the middle called "electronic analyzer". After receiving the signal from the photoelectric element, it has to pick out the letter that matches the signal from 26 letters before it can command the speaker to read it.

A mainstream view holds that this is the first device in the world that can complete the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) task.

Photo translation AFP

Later, with the development of computer technology, OCR algorithm became more and more sophisticated. Nowadays, artificial intelligence/machine learning has injected a handful of souls into OCR.

Nowadays, OCR serves more than blind people. There may be a moment when everyone needs to copy a large paragraph of text in a picture, or take pictures of foreign characters and throw them directly to translation software. People even think that it is a matter of course to use such technology.

But the first person who made the concept of OCR possible may be Dr Edmund Founier Dalbet, who invented the photoelectric reading device more than 100 years ago.

references

[1] d’Albe, E. E. F. (1924). The Moon-element: An Introduction to the Wonders of Selenium. TF Unwin.

[2] Thomas, E. (2021, June 23). A Century Ago, the Optophone Allowed Blind People to Hear the Printed Word. IEEE Spectrum. https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/ a-century-ago-the-optophone-allowed-blind-people-to-hear-the-printed-word

[3] d’Albe, E. F. (1914). On a type-reading optophone. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, 90(619), 373-375.

[4] Jameson, M. (1966). The Optophone: Its beginning and development. Bulletin of prosthetics research, 5, 25.

[5] Mann, M. (1949). Reading machine spells out loud. Popular Science, 154(2), 125-7.

[6] Chan, T., Mills, M., & Sayers, J. (2018). Optophonic reading, prototyping optophones. Amodern, (8).

[7] Cooper, F. S., Gaitenby, J. H., & Nye, P. W. (1984). Evolution of reading machines for the blind: Haskins Laboratories’ research as a case history. Veterans Administration, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rehabilitation R & D Service.

作者：栗子

原标题：《100年前的盲人，怎样读完一本普通印刷书？》

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Original Xin Chen Journal of Marriage and Family.

Author: Xin Chen Editor: He Xinyang

Produced by: Journal of Marriage and Family

ID:hunyinyujiating99

In the No.16 courtyard of Beixinqiao in Beijing, behind the swaying bamboo leaves is the mottled shadow of the sun. In front of the window of the north house, a young little man is standing on a pile. This is me more than 40 years ago, smiling and imitating my grandfather’s practice.

My grandfather is a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine surgery and ophthalmology, and also a veteran martial arts lover. He learned a bagua knife and bagua palm from Sun Guangdi, a descendant of Bagua Palm.

One day when I returned to my hometown when I was young, I got up early for a walk and was asked by my grandfather if I wanted to practice something. At that time, I ignored the old man’s intentions and was lazy and laughed it off. Who would have thought that I missed the good relationship of practicing martial arts? Later, I followed the famous Tai Ji Chuan Guan Yongnian to practice Xingyiquan for several years, and gradually entered the healthy jungle, only to know how important guidance and breathing are to the balance of the body.

Also known as the "martial arts", unlike the martial arts novels, which can dominate the martial arts and live forever, Baduanjin is a complete set of guiding highlights and a famous health care method in China. "Eight" can be understood as "Eight Diagrams", which means that the achievement method contains the meaning of China’s ancient philosophy. And "brocade" is because the practicing movements of this method make people feel as soft and beautiful as silk brocade.

According to legend, Baduanjin originated in the Han Dynasty, and a guide map dating back more than 1200 years was found in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, in which five movements were very similar to those of the vertical Baduanjin in later generations. The word "Baduanjin" first appeared in the Biography of Immortals by Ge Hong, a Taoist scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, Baduanjin gradually formed a systematic achievement method, which was spread and developed. The vigorous development of printing in Ming and Qing dynasties provided a material basis for the dissemination of achievement works, and Baduanjin was widely spread.

After the founding of New China, the Party and the government attached great importance to the development of national traditional sports. In 1957, Ba Duan Jin was compiled and published by Tang Hao and Ma Fengge, which provided a good theoretical basis for the public to learn Ba Duan Jin. Since then, the number of people practicing Baduanjin has increased year by year. In the past two years, children born after 1990s and 00 have become more and more interested in Chinese medicine and traditional culture. After the practice video of Ba Duan Jin I shot was posted on the Internet, there were also many comments and praises from young people.

Ba Duan Jin, as its name implies, is divided into eight sections. I won’t go into details about the specific actions here. If you are interested, you can search online for teaching video exercises. According to the practice posture, Baduanjin can be divided into vertical and sitting styles.

Sitting Baduan Brocade focuses on resting the mind, mainly combining breathing and self-massage, focusing on resting, with moderate intensity and small range of movements, and leaning towards body movements above the waist; Vertical Baduanjin refers to the limb movement which is mainly guided by movements, and it "shakes the bones and muscles and moves the limbs", with a large range of movements, which is conducive to the coordinated movement of the whole body.

Practicing Baduanjin can regulate immune function and improve antioxidant capacity. Baduanjin can also improve vascular endothelial function. Medical experiments have proved that after practicing Baduanjin for 24 weeks, patients with essential hypertension can effectively reduce systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and at the same time, the levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) are significantly increased.

The effects of each section of Baduanjin are also different. Some can calm the mind, adjust breathing and straighten the body shape, some can smooth the heart and lungs, spleen and stomach, liver and kidney, some can promote blood circulation in the lungs and strengthen the heart, some can affect the abdominal cavity and massage the spleen and stomach, and some can promote blood dredging in the whole body, which is very helpful for relieving fatigue and restoring energy.

Baduanjin is a treasure of Chinese history and culture. Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theories such as Yin and Yang, meridians and viscera, Baduanjin has played an important role in disease elimination, health care and rehabilitation treatment.

Of course, some people judge the rationality and necessity of China’s guiding and breathing technique from the perspective of so-called "western science". In my opinion, many times, the mystery of Chinese medicine lies in its ease of use and effectiveness, but we don’t need to use scientific parameters and standards to carefully study what is behind it.

We prefer to be "ignorant" and believe that its efficacy is the best gift left by our ancestors for thousands of years.

This article is taken from the magazine Marriage and Family.

The original title is "Every trick is a blind medicine, and Ba Duan Jin is the first choice for health care"

Xin Chen, president of Beijing Yi ‘an Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, was born in three generations of famous Chinese medicine families, the grandson of Beijing famous Chen Shi ‘an, the son of Chen Wenbo, a famous old Chinese medicine doctor, and the founder of the public health platform "I Raise You".

Source: Journal of Marriage and Family. China is a leader of happy family life, focusing on women’s growth and happy marriage, and exploring how to love themselves and their families better. (WeChat/Weibo/Today’s Headline: Marriage and Family Magazine)

Editing and typesetting: Wang Yunfeng

Second instance: Li Jin

Third trial: Zhao Haixu

The pictures in this article come from the Internet. We respect the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners. If copyright disputes are involved, please let the copyright owners inform us to delete them. Thank you.

Original title: "Health Lecture Hall: Baduanjin is the first choice for health care, and every move is a medicine."

Read the original text

　　CCTV News:After four years of construction, Asia’s largest railway hub passenger station — — Beijing Fengtai Station officially opened for operation on June 20th. Beijing Fengtai Station after reconstruction and expansion is an important station in China’s "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail network. Let’s feel the grandeur of this new station.

　　Beijing Fengtai Station is located between the West Fourth Ring Road and the West Third Ring Road in Fengtai District, Beijing. Seen from the air, Beijing Fengtai Station is a Chinese character with a building area of about 400,000 square meters. Among them, the ground general-speed parking lot has 20 passenger platforms and the elevated high-speed parking lot has 12 passenger platforms, which is the first large-scale station in China to adopt the design of high-speed and general-speed passenger double-deck parking lot; There are three floors above ground and one underground, and there are interlayers in some areas.　

　　As the largest railway hub station in Asia, Fengtai Station in Beijing has set up a monitoring system based on Beidou unified time and space benchmark, which can monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, rainfall and wind speed and glass curtain walls in real time, and provide three-dimensional visual management and data analysis and query to create a modern green intelligent high-speed rail.　

　　After the opening of Fengtai Station in Beijing, it mainly handled the EMU trains from Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway to Shitai high-speed railway, as well as the passenger service of transferring ordinary speed trains to Beijing-Kowloon and Jingyuan railways and some Beijing hubs, and initially arranged 120 passenger trains, including 46 high-speed trains and 74 ordinary speed trains.

On April 30th, the Korean media sedaily published a blog post yesterday (April 29th), reporting that the Foundry business of Samsung has regained the favor of Qualcomm.Will undertake the production order of 2nm chips from Qualcomm.

The media quoted the supply chain news that the Samsung wafer foundry business started negotiations with Qualcomm on the production details of the 2 nm mobile application processor (AP), and speculated that it would be launched in the second half of 2026. Galaxy Z Fold8 and Galaxy Z Flip8 Among the two folding flagship mobile phones, the first one is equipped.Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Extreme Edition 2 Chip OEM by SamsungAnd next year’s　Galaxy　S26　The chips used in the series continue to beTSMC OEM.

IT House quoted the contents of the blog post. Samsung plans to complete the design work in the second quarter of 2025, and start filming in the first quarter of 2026. It will be produced and adopted in its cutting-edge factory Huacheng S3. 12 inch wafer, the monthly output is expected to be 1000 tablets, accounting for only 15% of its total production capacity of 2 nanometers (7000 pieces per month), so it is not considered as a large-scale order.

This is three years later, Samsung once again produced mobile phone chips for Qualcomm. In 2020 and 2022, Samsung produced AP for Qualcomm by 5 nm and 4 nm processes respectively. However, after the second half of 2022, due to yield and other problems, Qualcomm handed over all the production of cutting-edge chips below 4 nm to TSMC.

Although Samsung took the lead in launching the mass production of 3 nm process, Qualcomm has not returned, Samsung’s wafer foundry business continues to be under pressure, the 3 nm yield has not been improved, and customer orders have been frustrated one after another. In the first quarter of this year, Samsung’s wafer foundry lost about 2 trillion won, and the market share gap with TSMC widened to more than 60 percentage points.

Korean media believe that Qualcomm’s "return" is regarded as a precious opportunity for Samsung. Although the order volume is not enough to directly reverse the loss, the recognition of major global customers will inject a boost into Samsung’s brand image and marketing.

In addition, Samsung also undertook the production of 4nm AP designed by Qualcomm for the extended reality (XR) head display "Project Moohan" launched by Samsung Mobile Experience (MX) department in the second half of the year, further deepening the cooperation between the two parties.

　　■ Our reporter Shen Zhushi

　　In shache county Special Education School in Kashgar, Xinjiang, a special football match is going on in the afternoon when the warm sun shines on the green stadium. Xinjiang blind-footed teenagers sit in the "home court" and face the Shanghai blind football team.

　　They wore white blindfolds and neat uniforms. Although they can’t see it, they still listen to the sound on the pitch, run with the ball, and cooperate with their teammates to score goals.

　　In blind soccer, except the goalkeeper’s vision is normal, other blind players need to know the direction by sound: there are six groups of bells in the No.4 football liner used in the game, and the sound of the bells indicates the position of the ball. Behind the opponent’s goal stood an attack guide, who, together with the coach of the midfield and the goalkeeper of his own side, marked the attack and defense area by shouting. Blind-footed players rely on each other’s shouts of "feed" to get the ball and run.

　　Bilali Yasen was one of the first players to join the team and was called "King of Strength". Just four months ago, he and three other blind teenagers flew more than 5,000 kilometers to Shanghai. It was Bilali’s first official game, and the strange venue made him nervous, as if he had returned to the training ground for the first time, unable to tell the direction of the goal, and unable to find his teammates and the football. To be exact, his feelings are out of order. After returning to Xinjiang, he polished himself crazily. This time at home, Billy showed a strong offensive and defensive state on the court.

　　In 2021, under the guidance of Shanghai Education Commission, Shanghai Disabled Persons’ Federation and Xinjiang Disabled Persons’ Federation, Shanghai School for the Blind helped shache county Special Education School to set up the first blind football team, which was named "Feed Football Team", under the coordination of Shanghai counterpart support Xinjiang Work Front Command and shache Branch Command, Shanghai People’s Government Office in Xinjiang, shache County Party Committee Propaganda Department, shache county Education Bureau, documentary film crew of Feed Football Team and shache county Disabled Persons’ Federation.

　　On the "quiet" court, the invisible tension and friends are chasing their own light, and the bell of football under their feet is becoming louder. With a cry of "feed, feed, feed", the football really rolled to the foot of the pull.

　　Shoot-

　　Football has become a light in life

　　Bilali is a B1 blind athlete. B1 means totally blind, with no vision and no light perception.

　　He was born in an ordinary village in Yigerqi Town, shache county. He was born blind, and his family depended on raising cattle and sheep for a living. In 2016, when he reached school age, Bilali came to shache county Special Education School to study and live, which was the first time he left his hometown. Every week, Bilali travels 40 kilometers by car, crosses the Yarkant River to the west, and goes to shache county Special Education School.

　　A completely blind life, slow and quiet. They touch the wall and walk on their classmates’ shoulders. In school, blind children can choose musical instruments or handicrafts, but it is a luxury to want to run freely.

　　Xinjiang is a hot spot for football, and Kashgar has a "son doll" football team. In 2021, two Kashgar sports coaches went to Shanghai School for the Blind for training. Later, they came to shache county Special Education School and brought a new word "soccer for the blind" that no one had heard of. On that day, what did you feel when you heard that you could play football? For Bilali, he felt as if there was light in his empty eyes, and his body became restless, as if talking about an addictive thing.

　　In Shanghai, things are also changing. The documentary crew of "Feed the Football Team" wanted to record the lives of children in special groups. Producer Su Yiyan visited Zhang Jian, the head coach of Shanghai Blind Football Team. Zhang Jian is one of the first blind football coaches in China and has nearly 20 years of experience in blind foot training. In June this year, Zhang Jian went to shache county Special Education School to carefully organize football training, and selected four players to come to Shanghai for training and competition. With many efforts, a 40-meter-by-20-meter stadium was copied to shache. Artificial grass replaced the hard plastic floor. Baffles more than one meter high were installed around the stadium. The goal is covered with thick soft material to reduce the risk of collision.

　　At present, the "Feed the Football Team" has 13 players. They have a bigger dream and hope to represent Xinjiang team in the 2025 National Paralympic Games.

　　Football for the blind is a game to overcome fear.

　　13-year-old Adelijiang Tulson is in the sixth grade this year, the youngest of the four teenagers who came to Shanghai. His skin is white and his eyes are big. If he is not completely blind, he should have a flying look. Such a delicate and pretty Adelijiang broke his arm in training. "He also cried." Billy smiled and said. Adelijiang smiled shyly and didn’t speak.

　　When I first arrived in shache, Zhang Jian’s family visited the parents of every blind foot player. Enthusiastic parents served mutton and asked him to have a good time. However, Zhang Jian has a serious thing to say: he will get injured on the court in the future if he participates in blind football. Usually take care to protect children, but now you have to face the risk of injury. Can you accept it?

　　The threshold for the introduction of blind football is to run. Generally, when running, the center of gravity leans forward, the forefoot is pushed to the ground, the arms are folded, and the movements are coherent. Blind people are used to crossing the river by feeling the stones, with their hands slightly open and their body center of gravity backward, which is called "blindness". Even knowing that the front is empty and flat, it is difficult to overcome the instinctive fear.

　　No one wants to see children get hurt, but football for the blind means taking risks. To some extent, blind children are "over-protected" in their lives. Now, they need to go beyond their psychological bottom line.

　　To learn to run, learn to fall first. Zhang Jian has seen too many injuries, such as broken ankles, broken nose … Whether the young seeds can be cultivated depends on whether they can break through the psychological barrier. In shache, Zhang Jian took a fancy to 16-year-old Nur Abdulla Yusupu and brought him to Shanghai. The child has outstanding sense of the ball, fast action speed and can skillfully make moves such as pulling the ball and turning around. His eyes still have some light perception, perhaps because of this, he has more scruples in running than a completely blind child.

　　In order to overcome this fear, Zhang Jian thought of many ways. Before the start, he told the team that you are far from the opposite baffle and have enough sprint distance. He commanded the players to chase the ball and heard the bell ringing, indicating that the ball was still rolling and the front was safe. With the deepening of training, Nur Abdulla has never been able to shake off his psychological fear. Zhang Jian said: "It’s a pity that he should wear a blindfold during the game. He doesn’t wear an blindfold and plays football with an blindfold."

　　Nur Abdullah finally decided to quit the football team. He has come a long way on this adventure. Bilali also thought about giving up playing football, and Adi Lijiang also thought about giving up. They persisted and kept going, not only being able to fly all over the field, but also being more and more skilled in the dribbling of the inside of their feet. Players come in and out, old teammates quit, and new blind children join the team.

　　Through football, blind-footed teenagers have experienced a different kind of excitement in the dull world. They have coaches and teammates, and they may take to a bigger stage in the future.

　　"In fact, parents are sometimes happier than their children." The head coach of the team, Adijiang Ai Erken, said, "One player has now become a celebrity in the village. After knowing that his child can run and play football, his grandmother is very happy. She walks around the streets and tells the story of a blind boy when she meets people, and is proud of her grandson."

　　Help teenagers integrate into normal life with confidence.

　　Ibrahim Abdul Waili, a ninth-grade student with a disabled left eye, is the main striker and captain of the team. He scored twice against the Shanghai Blind Football Team. He used to be a little fat and physically weak. Since he participated in the training and competition of the football team, he has been much stronger, and his height has increased from 1.70 meters to 1.86 meters. He said: "Mom and Dad are very happy to see the changes that exercise has brought me."

　　"The competition of the stadium conveys the hope of never stopping, and there are also many gains outside the stadium. Children are not tied up because they can’t see, and their hearing has a sense of vision, which can greatly help them integrate into normal life. " Liu Yirong, principal of shache county Special Education School, said, "Taking children to Shanghai is also to let them feel how the blind people live in Shanghai. When children know that blind people can go to work and open stores, they will have more thoughts about the future. "

　　The life choices and experiences of visually impaired people are difficult to be as rich and varied as ordinary people. Zhang Jian was deeply touched by this: "Take Shanghai for example, blind people can engage in blind massage. But not everyone likes doing massage-working in a closed room, with little interpersonal communication and no contact with the outside world. In fact, with the development of society, the ability of the blind has been better developed, and there should be more and more things they can do. "

　　Many of the blind disciples Zhang Jian brought out in Shanghai in his early years have already got married. They occasionally get together to play football together. Among them, some people have entered large multinational enterprises, specializing in the work related to barrier-free service applications. During their stay in Shanghai, four Xinjiang teenagers visited Bear Claw Coffee. This is a public coffee shop with the theme of deaf-mute barista, and the barista in the shop has won the champion of the disabled coffee competition. As a super-large city, Shanghai can provide more diversified self-realization for the disabled.

　　For the vast majority of children in special education schools in shache county, it can be expected that soccer for the blind will not become their profession, and they will step into society one day. The experience of participating in football for the blind can give them confidence and stronger self-will: I can do some things, even if I get hurt, it’s no big deal. In Zhang Jian’s words: "In the future, I will talk with others. You said that I played football for the blind, and people think you have a accent!"

　　On the edge of the stadium, there is also a young filming team who records every picture with a camera. "I want children to have equal opportunities to pursue their dreams and use the lens to illuminate a better future for the disabled." Su Yiyan hopes to help these children walk out of Xinjiang through blind feet and be seen by the world. In 2021, she started the Xinjiang Young Blind Football Team Project and filmed the public welfare documentary "Feed the Football Team", which is the first documentary about the young blind football team in China. Up to now, the documentary has been filmed for five months and is expected to be completed in October next year. (Wen Wei Po)

　　With the popularity of cross-border e-commerce, some unscrupulous merchants have extended their black hands to "overseas goods" for the benefit. On May 20th, a video exposing "Four Links and One Reach" and SF Express collecting forged logistics information was circulated on the Internet. The video showed that the courier company helped Putian counterfeit sports shoes manufacturers forge courier orders and overseas delivery information. In the investigation and interview, beijing business today reporter also met a courier company that can forge Haitao’s courier bill. Experts said that this kind of phenomenon has been common for many years, and the courier company only involves a small number of links, and the counterfeiter is the source of the matter.

　　The driving force behind fake cross-border

　　A daily express delivery contracting outlet in Nanshan District of Shenzhen has been secretly carrying out the fake work of "express delivery in different places". When a reporter from beijing business today investigated as a cross-border company, Zhang, the person in charge of the outlet, said that the express mail delivered locally from Shenzhen could be turned into Hong Kong delivery after being operated by him. When Zhang takes the package, he will communicate with the salesman in Hong Kong, and the salesman in Hong Kong will input the package information in the system. In order to ensure that the express delivery information is realistic, the express delivery form must be an "international waybill", and it will take 1-2 days for the express delivery from Hong Kong to Shenzhen. Ordinary express charges 8 yuan, but express charges 10 yuan.

　　In the communication, Zhang said that the whole operation process will not have any flaws in electronic information. It is reported that Zhang also provides express mail online service for some local electronic product warehouses in Shenzhen.

　　For this incident, beijing business today reporter contacted a number of express delivery companies, and SF responded that the video shooting place was not a SF outlet, and the website involved in the video belonged to the website built by scalpers, so there was no internal cooperation. SF said that the phenomenon of delivery of fake goods in Putian has always existed, and a huge black industrial chain has been formed. Since 2015, the company has reported to local law enforcement agencies six times to jointly crack down on fake goods distribution centers, and rejected nearly 3 million tickets for express mail in Putian Anfu market every year. At the same time, Yuantong also told reporters that the company was indignant at the illegal behavior of individual franchisees and apologized to the deceived consumers. Previously, the relevant departments of Yuantong had discovered and mastered the situation that individual franchisees provided false express routing information for illegal enterprises, shut down a number of so-called overseas customer accounts of domestic franchisees, actively cooperated with law enforcement agencies to crack down on fake distribution centers and illegal production enterprises, and cut off the fake direct mail chain at the source. For the franchisees that helped fake direct mail, Yuantong took severe measures such as blacklisting and canceling the franchise qualification, and handed over the illegal outlets with serious circumstances to law enforcement agencies for handling. Baishi Express said that it will not respond to this matter for the time being.

　　In fact, according to the online video, many express delivery companies have become accomplices of the Haitao scam. Some express delivery collection points publicly provide off-site online services, and also specially build a false overseas logistics inquiry system to make consumers mistakenly think that the goods they buy come from overseas purchasing. According to informed sources in the video, international brands including Nike and Adidas are counterfeit. If consumers have overseas purchasing needs, they can use logistics companies to change logistics information and become online in Hong Kong and other places, but they are actually sent from Putian.

　　It is understood that the staff in the gathering outlets of some express delivery companies in Putian will clearly mark the price according to the delivery location. For example, the goods quoted in the United States are quoted in 35 yuan. After the fraud, the logistics information shows that the goods are delivered from the United States, and the goods are sent to Shenzhen and then changed to SF’s list in China, making the domestic counterfeit goods become genuine overseas. Some courier staff said that only by cooperating with courier companies can the logistics information be changed.

　　"Export to domestic sales" becomes an umbrella

　　Cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly in the past two years, which has put forward new tests for supervision and testing. It is difficult for ordinary consumers to judge authenticity only by personal intuition. A cross-border e-commerce industry practitioner who asked not to be named said that many foreign brands choose China’s foundries for processing and production, and these products may be used for overseas channels, and then sold overseas and then bought by domestic consumers through cross-border e-commerce, which is a more formal way of circulation. However, there is another possibility. Some products cannot be exported to the international market due to changes in quality or brand demand. In order to reduce losses, merchants sell goods in China, and through the channel resources they have mastered, they can get logistics orders for overseas delivery and paste the order information from overseas on domestic products. It is difficult for consumers to identify the real source of goods. This kind of "export to domestic sales" is also common.

　　A Haitao e-commerce practitioner said that the general destination of Haitao’s express mail is the place of entry, and the specific address of overseas cities is not displayed, which gives criminals an opportunity.

　　However, cross-border e-commerce has gradually stepped out of the blind spot of supervision. The National Monitoring Center for Cross-border E-commerce, China National Institute of Standardization and Tmall International recently signed the Memorandum of Cooperation on Comparison of Chinese and Foreign Commodity Standards and Research on Cross-border E-commerce Commodity Standards, which will better study the standards and supervision mechanism of cross-border consumer goods in the future and promote the stable and healthy development of cross-border e-commerce retail imports.

　　Control demand and manage the market well

　　Zhao Xiaomin, an expert on express delivery, said that the phenomenon of counterfeiting has existed for many years, which is relatively common, and some e-commerce platforms also have fakes, which involves the issue of supervision and needs the management of local administrative departments. "In fact, counterfeiting is a one-stop industrial chain. Express delivery only undertakes the transportation link, while production, sales, wholesale and raw material procurement are integrated."

　　A person familiar with the matter disclosed to the beijing business today reporter that some genuine manufacturers also commit fraud. These products are almost the same as genuine products in quality, because they are from the same manufacturer, and it is difficult for ordinary consumers to define them. However, these products have no intellectual property rights, and in a sense, they are also fakes.

　　Zhao Xiaomin believes that logistics is only a link in the black industrial chain, not a core part. What really needs to be solved now is the source of the industrial chain-fake manufacturers. Only by solving the source problem can consumers buy assured goods.

　　At the same time, Zhao Xiaomin also expressed the hope that express delivery companies will learn from this incident, strengthen the network management and control, and make the information more rigorous, especially for listed express delivery companies. Any trouble will be heated and amplified.

　　Beijing business today reporter Wu Wenzhi Wang Weizhen Intern reporter Chen Yunzhe

Each city has its own main cuisine. Speaking of traditional Shaoxing cuisine, I believe that the first reaction in most local people’s minds is stinky tofu, moldy vegetable stalks, braised pork with dried plums and other dishes. For Lihai Street in Yuecheng District, the unique geographical location and natural conditions provide rich seafood ingredients for the local area because the sea head is located at the mouth of Qiantang River. Because this kind of local small sea is tender, delicious and affordable, it has gradually attracted diners from Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and even Shanghai to come to Lihai to buy and try early, and gradually formed an industry featuring little seafood’s wholesale, retail and catering, which is well-known both inside and outside the city.

Jubilant vendors in Lihai comprehensive market. Correspondent Feng Yanni photo

A morning market gathers customers from all directions.

"Today’s Xiaomei fish has a good head, and the steamed taste is very delicious." Walking from Haidong Road to Lihai Comprehensive Market, the enthusiastic stall owner sipped all kinds of seafood from the booth to reporters. Walking in front of the lined seafood stalls, there are all kinds of aquatic products such as Xiaomei fish, white jade crab, swordfish, horizontal crab and mud clam. In addition to fresh food, pickled products such as mackerel, dried fish and dried shrimp marinated with distiller’s grains are also readily available.

"Customers are here, and all they buy are little seafood caught by fishermen on the same day to ensure freshness." Gao Baijiang, the person in charge of Lihai Comprehensive Market, told the reporter that with the gradual recognition of Lihai little seafood by diners, from 7: 00 a.m. every day, the market was crowded with people who came from Shangyu and Yuecheng City to buy food early, and most of them came specially for little seafood. "Especially on weekends, some popular seafood varieties even have to be booked in advance to buy them." Gao Baijiang said.

There are nearly 140 stalls in Lihai Comprehensive Market, but there are only 17 stalls for aquatic products and seafood, because they have high requirements on electricity consumption, drainage and cleaning. In 2020, the market underwent a major renovation, upgrading facilities and equipment such as electricity and sewage, providing a better business environment for merchants and giving customers a good experience when shopping in the market.

The owners of aquatic products and seafood stalls No.5-15 are He Xinjuan and his wife. Her husband is in charge of fishing and her wife sells them in the market. "Whether you can go fishing and catch more or less is closely related to the tide and the weather." He Xinjuan told reporters that if the weather is bad and they can’t go out to sea, they won’t come to the booth for sales that day. "In business, especially seafood products, quality is the top priority." In He Xinjuan’s view, the popularity of Lihai little seafood is largely due to its characteristics: it grows in salty and light waters, and the change of salinity improves the composition of fatty acids in aquatic products and makes them more delicious.

Yidao seafood diners smell fresh and come

When they first arrive in Lihai, many people will choose to go for a walk in Lihai Old Street, in addition to catching crabs in Haitu. In ancient times, seawalls were rich in beaches, and "the tide retreats and people advance, and the tide retreats" summarized the life of fishermen in Lihai from generation to generation. Nowadays, after continuous construction and transformation, this street with a long history and culture is transforming into new beauty, which makes little seafood, the most local flavor, continue to be popular.

Wang Zengqi has such a statement in The Doctor of Fishing: The fish cooked out of the water is delicious, which is called "fresh from the water". In Lihai, the main thing to eat little seafood is "fresh water". The fish is tight, the crab is fresh and sweet, and the clams are sand-free. With the help of strong fire and simple and homely ingredients, the freshness of the ingredients is preserved to the greatest extent, which attracts the diners’ forefinger to move, and the crack of cold beer or various drinks during the dinner constitutes the "wonderful seafood" of this Lihai. During holidays, in a restaurant featuring little seafood on Haidong Road, many Shanghai and Hangzhou gourmets drove for an hour or two to punch in.

Abo Seafood Restaurant is located on Yu Haidong Road. As soon as customers enter the door, they will choose their own little seafood and cooking method through what you see is what you get. "little seafood is directly transferred to the kitchen for production after weighing, and the fresh experience from the sea to the tip of the tongue can be felt in less than 12 hours." Zhao Qin, the 42-year-old director of Abo Seafood, introduced.

Zhao Qin, a native of Lihai, has been running a seafood restaurant with her husband for nearly 20 years. "The main store is Lihai little seafood, and the dishes are affordable, which can ensure that diners can eat fresh and delicious little seafood." Zhao Qin said that in little seafood, the restaurant has special local fishermen to deliver goods every morning, and the restaurant will select the fish received to ensure the quality.

"Watching kites and eating seafood, today’s parent-child time should give full marks." At noon on April 21, with all the dishes served, Shen Yiping, who was eating at Suntory Restaurant, took out his mobile phone to take photos and sent a circle of friends in Jiugongge. "I took a break today, just to take my children out for a walk." Shen Yiping told reporters that his family lived in Tashan Street, Yuecheng District, and it was the first time to come to Lihai that day. At the kite festival, local people recommended this restaurant to them, and they chose to eat here. The reporter at Suntory Restaurant saw that although the day was a working day, there were still many diners dining, and the business was quite good.

An opportunity to undertake the Bay Area dividend

Walking on the streets of Lihai, you can still see some special place names, such as Qiliuqiu, Qiyiqiu, Qiqiqiu, etc., which were the historical imprint of the "Great Wai Tu" in that year. However, the former beaches have already become fertile soil. Lihai, a small town at the mouth of Qiantang River, has become a provincial-level economic town. "The Greater Bay Area era has given Lihai a new opportunity to leapfrog development." The relevant person in charge of Lihai Street said.

In 2019, Shaoxing Binhai New Area, one of the four strategic platforms at the provincial level, settled in Binhai, undertaking the historical mission of connecting with Greater Bay Area and serving big industries. Lihai, located in the "hub of the Bay Area", has also stepped onto the stage center of urban development.

With the gathering of more and more new industrial enterprises, the population increases. To some extent, this has promoted the development of the local catering industry, mainly in Lihai and little seafood. "There are more customers coming to eat, and there are higher requirements for the capacity, service and dishes of the restaurant." Chen Fei, the person in charge of Lihai Jiulonghai private cuisine, one of the provincial-level "Hundred Counties and Thousand Bowls" experience stores in Zhejiang Province, told the reporter that taking his own store as an example, repeat customers accounted for a large part, and many of them came to eat once and then brought their family and friends to eat again.

A blueprint for making large and small seafood

Little seafood is a traditional characteristic industry in Lihai Street. It is an important content of the construction and development of Lihai City to create a special catering culture in little seafood and enrich the business service industry in Lihai. On September 2, 2022, Lihai Street issued the Implementation Plan for the Construction of little seafood Street in Lihai, aiming at creating a strong cultural atmosphere with the theme of little seafood in Lihai through various measures and comprehensive policies.

After preliminary investigation, the street will be rebuilt and upgraded from the following aspects: defining the support policies for staying merchants, improving the supporting construction of public transportation, and standardizing the management of mobile vendors. "The street will further enhance the popularity of little seafood in Lihai, and strive to make little seafood Street in Haidong Road a model of’ eating, living, traveling and playing in Lihai’ and a key link in the construction of scenic spots and modern and beautiful towns in Lihai Street." Zhou Ganbin, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Lihai Street and director of the office, said.

At the same time, the street will also open up a green channel for government services, provide smooth channels for little seafood characteristic catering enterprises in license handling, government consultation, personnel recruitment and other aspects, provide relevant policy consulting services, and optimize the cash flow of support policies. On the basis of strict control, support funds will be cashed quickly.

At present, facing the vast ocean, Lihai is striving to expand the open space and lead the industrial transformation and upgrading and the high-quality development of the city. As a traditional industry with a long history, Lihai little seafood is striving to build its brand and become a bigger industry.

□ Feng Huanhuan (Jiangxi Normal University)

Recently, the stand-up season of iQiyi’s "king of comedy" has come to an end. The high-quality PK of the finalists has made many netizens hooked up, but the blind player’s black light’s spit on the blind road has caused deeper thinking. With the popularization of various social welfare, there are still many neglected "blind areas of civilization" in life.

From the perspective of the blind, Black Light tells the hardships of the disabled humorously. As a public figure, this is not the first time he spoke out about the public facilities for the visually impaired, such as the blind road in the subway going straight to the cab, the blind road being closed, causing the blind people to "circle around" in it, the stainless steel blind road slipping like a shrimp in snowy days, forcing the blind people to take barrier-free carriages without seats, the blind road being occupied and suddenly interrupted. These jokes made the audience laugh, but also brought sadness, because although these problems are common, they have not received enough attention from the relevant departments.

We need to reflect, blind roads should provide convenience for the visually impaired, but why have they brought more troubles? Black light mentioned in the performance that he showed that he was blind when catching the high-speed train and flying, and the other party reacted wrongly. On the one hand, visually impaired people are rarely seen in public spaces; On the other hand, there are still many problems in barrier-free facilities in society. Due to the difficulties encountered in going out, visually impaired people have reduced the number of going out or even stopped going out at all.

The plight of visually impaired people represented by black lights is actually a microcosm of the lives of disabled people in China. Due to the existence of special education schools, there are almost no disabled people on ordinary campuses. This invisibility makes many disabled facilities become furnishings, even occupied or misused, while people with disabilities seldom express their dissatisfaction publicly, which further aggravates the unreasonable use of facilities.

Black-light talk shows not only make more people pay attention to the situation of disabled groups, but also remind us that social systems and facilities still need to be further improved. The government should introduce more targeted policies, increase capital investment in public facilities, rectify the existing non-practicality, and effectively help more disabled people. The media should also strengthen publicity to help the public understand the importance of barrier-free facilities and guide people to pay attention to and support the construction of these facilities. For every ordinary person, parking can be regulated, blind roads can not be occupied at will, people with disabilities can not be discriminated against, and they can lend a helping hand when they need help, so that sincerity and goodwill can flow in society.

Watching talk shows can’t be laughed off. How to better care for the disabled is an important social issue. The blind spot of civilization is often not on the road, but in people’s hearts. Only by taking real action to make the barrier-free environment no longer "hinder" can more disabled people go out of their homes, share the fruits of social development equally and feel the world better.

[Editor’s note]

The US military believes that Russia and other big countries have begun to deploy hypersonic missiles, which poses a great challenge to the US military’s existing missile defense system. In order to continue to maintain its dominant position, on the one hand, the US military actively develops hypersonic weapons to achieve reciprocal deterrence; On the other hand, we should speed up the research and development of anti-hypersonic weapons and strengthen the ability of active missile defense systems to intercept hypersonic weapons in order to cope with possible high-end wars in the Asia-Pacific region.

Since Trump took office, he has shifted his national strategy from anti-terrorism to competition among big countries. In the "Missile Defense Assessment" report released in January 2019, the US Department of Defense listed hypersonic threats as the focus of missile defense. Hypersonic defense is gradually attached great importance to by the US military. Both the US Missile Defense Agency and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) actively promote the demonstration and verification of hypersonic defense technology and project research and development.

A series of recent trends show that the US military will first develop the sea-based anti-hypersonic capability, and plan to equip it on the Aegis ship and launch it by the existing MK41, which is mainly used for the so-called hypersonic regional defense in the Indo-Pacific region. Based on the project of "Hypersonic Defense Zone Gliding Section Weapon System", the sea-based anti-hypersonic missile is planned to adopt the "Standard" -6 1B missile, and the interception test of hypersonic gliding section will be carried out in FY 2023.

The US Navy’s "arleigh burke" class destroyer launched the "Standard" -6 missile, which can intercept hypersonic weapons in the future.

Multi-dimensional promotion of anti-super ability development

The missile defense agency is mainly responsible for the high-level defense of the United States, which is mainly responsible for the top-level planning and design of the hypersonic defense system, the research and development of weapon systems, the research and development of key technologies, and the construction of systems engineering. The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States and the United States Air Force participated in the demand demonstration stage; DARPA also conducts research and development of advanced defense component technology. In the summer of 2019, the US Department of Defense formulated a road map for hypersonic defense architecture, but the contents of the road map were not made public. Mike White, deputy director of the US Department of Defense’s Hypersonic Project, said in an interview that the US hypersonic defense adopts a comprehensive and layered defense strategy, which will comprehensively use pre-launch strikes and active and passive defense means such as kinetic energy and non-kinetic energy to defend against competitors’ hypersonic weapons in the active phase, re-entry gliding phase and final phase.

The construction of American hypersonic defense system will be mainly based on the existing ballistic missile defense system, and finally form an integrated defense capability against hypersonic threats and ballistic missile threats through improvement and new research. At present, the Missile Defense Bureau is promoting the development of hypersonic defense capability from multiple dimensions such as architecture, early warning and detection, command and control, and interceptor.

In addition to improving the existing system, the US military has developed four hypersonic defense projects: Hypersonic and Trajectory Tracking Sensor System (HBTSS), Hypersonic Defense Weapon System (HDWS), Hypersonic Defense Zone Glide Weapon System (RPGWS) and Glide Breaker.

Early warning detection is the basis of hypersonic defense. In order to reduce the cost, the United States is seeking to install sensors for detecting hypersonic on low-orbit commercial satellites.

(1) Hypersonic and ballistic tracking sensor systems

Early warning detection is the basis of hypersonic defense. The system of Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor, formerly known as Missile Defense Tracking System (MDTS) and Space Sensor Layer (SSL), consists of about 200 50-500 kg sensor loads deployed on low-orbit commercial satellites, aiming at eliminating gaps in sensor networks and continuously tracking complex ballistic missiles and hypersonic weapons from launch to interception. Missile Defense Agency is responsible for sensor load research and development, Space Development Agency is responsible for architecture design, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is responsible for load platform design and constellation management, and Air Force Space and Missile System Center is responsible for mission requirements design. In October 2019, the Missile Defense Agency awarded Northrop Grumman, Leidos, L3 and Raytheon the second phase of the project, which was used to complete the design of the load prototype, signal chain processing and software algorithm research. According to the National Defense Authorization Act of FY 2020, the "Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor" system should be tested in orbit on December 31, 2021, and reach its initial operation capability after 2023.

Hypersonic and trajectory tracking space sensor system belongs to the "tracking layer" of the next generation space architecture (consisting of seven constellations) proposed by the Space Development Agency (SDA). In order to avoid redundant construction and make better use of commercial space technology to accelerate the formation of capabilities, in the budget for fiscal year 2021, the US Congress has transferred the system dominance from the Missile Defense Agency to the Space Development Agency.

(2) Hypersonic defense weapon system

In September 2018, the Missile Defense Agency announced the "Hypersonic Defense Weapon System" project, awarded 21 program research and development contracts to 8 units, and began research and development in the concept definition stage; In September 2019, five schemes were selected from 21 schemes and awarded contracts to carry out R&D in the concept improvement stage.

The five research programs awarded mainly include:

Lockheed Martin’s "Javelin-Hypersonic Defense Weapon System" (DART) scheme, based on the improvement of "Sade" interceptor, is mainly used for long-range interception, intercepting in the middle of hypersonic warhead gliding, and forming a layered interception capability with "Valkyrie-Hypersonic Defense Terminal Interceptor";

Lockheed Martin’s "Javelin-Hypersonic Defense Weapon System" scheme, based on the improvement of Patriot -3 MSE missile, is mainly used for short-range interception, intercepting the hypersonic warhead in the later and last stages of gliding, and forming a layered interception capability with "Valkyria-Hypersonic Defense Terminal Interceptor";

Boeing’s "Hypervelocity Interceptor for Hypersonic Weapons" (HYVINT) scheme;

Raytheon’s SM -3 Hawk scheme is based on the improvement of the SM -3 missile.

Raytheon’s "non-dynamic hypersonic defense concept" scheme is a non-dynamic scheme based on high-power microwave weapons.

Russia has equipped a variety of hypersonic missiles in recent years, ahead of the United States. The picture shows the dagger hypersonic missile.

(3) Weapon system of gliding section in hypersonic defense area

On December 5, 2019, the US Missile Defense Agency issued a request for information on the prototype design of the "hypersonic regional defense gliding section weapon system", seeking to quickly design, develop and demonstrate the prototype of the hypersonic regional defense weapon system. On December 18th, the Missile Defense Agency held the Industrial Day of this project to discuss the technical approach of hypersonic defense and further disclose the details of the project requirements to the industrial sector.

"Hypersonic defense zone gliding phase weapon system" emphasizes "gliding phase" and "zone defense", indicating that the defense object of this system is not a hypersonic gliding warhead carried on an intercontinental ballistic missile like Russian Pioneer, but a hypersonic gliding warhead carried by a medium-range ballistic missile.

(4) Gliding saboteurs

DARPA presented the concept map of "Gliding Destroyer" for the first time at the 60th anniversary seminar held from September 5 to 7, 2018. On November 6, 2018, DARPA released a wide-ranging institutional announcement of the "Gliding Destroyer" project, aiming at developing and demonstrating the technology of hypersonic defense weapon components. In February, 2020, DARPA awarded Aerojet-Rockdyne a "gliding destroyer" propulsion technology research and development contract worth 19.6 million.

This month, the United States conducted a hypersonic missile launch test

The US Navy tested anti-superb capability in 2023.

On February 10th, 2020, at the budget conference of FY 2021 held by the US Department of Defense, a reporter asked Jon Hill, director of the US Missile Defense Agency, about the progress of the project "Hypersonic Defense Weapon System", focusing on the research and development progress of five programs such as "Javelin-Hypersonic Defense Weapon System" and "Valkyria-Hypersonic Defense Terminal Interceptor". Jon Hill said, At present, there are only two hypersonic defense projects of the US Missile Defense Agency, namely "Hypersonic Defense Area Gliding Phase Weapon System" and "Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Sensor System". The projects mentioned by the reporter are only the preliminary verification projects of the project. Whether it is true or not is intriguing.

On March 4th, 2020, Jon Hill, director of the Missile Defense Bureau, said at the annual national defense planning conference in mcaleese that the "hypersonic defense zone gliding phase weapon system" will be first equipped on the "arleigh burke" class destroyer, launched by the MK41 vertical launch system, and then equipped in the air or other platforms. On March 11, 2020, US Deputy Secretary of Defense Michael Griffin revealed for the first time in his testimony in the House of Representatives that the US Navy and the Missile Defense Agency plan to test the ability of the Standard -6 missile to intercept hypersonic targets in fiscal year 2023; On March 13th, Jon Hill, director of the Missile Defense Agency, confirmed this statement again in his testimony in the House of Representatives.

The range of the standard "-6 1B missile has been greatly increased by replacing it with a booster with a larger diameter, reaching 560~800 kilometers.

The "Standard" -6 missile is a new generation of multi-functional missile developed by Raytheon Company. It was developed in September 2004, the initial design review was completed in June 2005, the first test was successful in June 2008, and mass production began in 2013. The "Standard" -6 missile adopts the "Standard" -2 Block 4 missile body, MK104 dual-thrust solid rocket engine and MK41 booster, and the seeker adopts the active radar seeker of AIM-120 advanced medium-range air-to-air missile, with a range of 370 kilometers and a shooting height of 34 kilometers. Compared with the "Standard" -2 missile, the "Standard" -6 missile focuses on strengthening the interception capability of low-altitude and ultra-low-altitude cruise missiles, and has anti-ship and limited terminal anti-missile capabilities.

The US Navy first joined the "Standard" -6 1B missile project in the budget of fiscal year 2020, which belongs to the 2063 sub-project of "Standard Missile Improvement" (project number 0604366N), with the expenditure of $116.7 million in fiscal year 2020, and it is planned to invest about $380 million in the next five years. Compared with the Standard -6 1A missile, the Standard -6 1B missile continues to use the original seeker and warhead, but the original 343mm MK104 engine is upgraded to the 533mm engine used in the Standard -3 2A missile. It is expected that the range will be increased to 560-800km and the flying speed will reach the hypersonic level.

The "Standard" -6 1B missile is planned to undergo CDR in FY 2020, LRIP in FY 2021, and reach initial operational capability (IOC) in FY 2023. In the fiscal year 2021 budget, the U.S. Navy substantially increased the R&D funds for the "Standard" -6 1B missile, which was 232 million U.S. dollars in fiscal year 2021 and increased to about 570 million U.S. dollars in the next five years, which proves that the U.S. military plans to develop the anti-superb capability of the "Standard" -6 1B missile.

Fiscal year 2023 is the key node of the US military’s sea-based anti-superb capability.

The Standard -6 1B missile uses the 21-inch engine of the Standard -3 2A missile, and its range and firing height are significantly improved. First, with the help of the Naval Integrated Fire Control-Air Defense (NIFC-CA), it will significantly enhance the over-the-horizon anti-ship capability of the Aegis ship and improve the safety depth of the fleet. Second, it will improve the anti-missile capability of the terminal part of the Aegis ship and make up for the defense gap between the Standard -3 missile and the Standard -6 1A missile; The third is to give the Aegis ship anti-hypersonic capability. The "Standard" -3 missile has a high shooting height and the "Standard" -6 1A missile has a limited shooting height and range, so it is basically difficult to intercept hypersonic missiles.

After the deployment of the Standard -6 1B missile, the Aegis system, together with Standard -3, Standard -6 1A, Standard -2, improved Sea Sparrow, Ram and Tomahawk, will form a multi-layer and integrated air defense, anti-missile, anti-superb and anti-ship capability.

tag

The U.S. military has formulated an ambitious road map of hypersonic defense architecture, but the focus of the U.S. military’s hypersonic defense is the booster gliding warhead mounted on the medium-range ballistic missile, which will be deployed on the Aegis ship in the Asia-Pacific region first.

The fiscal year 2023 is the key node of the US Army’s sea-based anti-hypersonic capability. At that time, the "Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Sensor System" will reach the initial operational capability, which can continuously track hypersonic weapons, and the "Standard" -6 1B missile will reach the initial operational capability, or can conduct anti-hypersonic tests. The "Standard" -6 missile will be the first missile with air defense/anti-superb, anti-missile and anti-ship capabilities.

On the evening of March 28th, Country Garden issued an announcement on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, delaying the publication of 2023 annual results, and the board meeting will also be postponed. In addition, the company will suspend trading on the Stock Exchange from 9: 00 on April 2.

Screenshot from Country Garden’s announcement on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

Experts pointed out that since the real estate industry entered the period of deep adjustment, many housing enterprises have encountered liquidity difficulties, and about 40 companies have delayed the release of annual reports. Country Garden delayed the release of its annual performance report, which was expected by the market.

As for the reasons for the delay in publishing the 2023 annual results, Country Garden explained in the announcement that due to the continuous fluctuation of the industry, the business environment faced by the company is becoming increasingly complex, and the company needs to collect more information to make appropriate accounting estimates and judgments, so as to reasonably reflect the changes in the industry and the company in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

At the same time, Country Garden’s debt restructuring is still in progress. In view of the large number and wide distribution of the Group’s projects and the heavy workload and complexity involved in relevant due diligence, more time is needed to collect relevant financial information to carefully evaluate the Group’s current and future financial resources and financial obligations. Country Garden is expected to take longer to complete the preparation of consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023, and may not be able to comply with the relevant provisions of the listing rules and publish its 2023 annual results before March 31, 2024.

Country Garden said in the announcement that the Group is working with financial advisers and legal advisers to assess the Group’s situation, and working closely with various creditors to formulate practical measures as soon as possible. In addition, the Board of Directors of Country Garden Group and the management of the company are committed to continuing to actively negotiate with creditors about debt restructuring, and will continue to work closely with the auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers to announce the 2023 annual results and send the 2023 annual report as soon as possible.

According to the listing rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, if the company fails to announce its 2023 annual results before March 31, 2024, the trading of the company’s shares on the Stock Exchange will be suspended from 9: 00 am on April 2, 2024 according to the provisions of Rule 13.50 of the Listing Rules.

The Board of Directors of Country Garden Group believes that the suspension of trading will not have a substantial impact on the company’s operations.

Screenshot from Country Garden’s announcement on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The announcement also revealed the recent situation of Country Garden’s guarantee delivery and debt conversion.

In 2023, Country Garden and its joint ventures and associated companies delivered more than 600,000 houses, with a total delivery area of 71.62 million square meters, covering 249 cities in 31 provinces.

Continue to promote Baojiaolou

According to Country Garden, at present, the company’s domestic security building work and overseas debt restructuring work have been promoted in an orderly manner, and related work has received strong support from stakeholders including relevant local governments and overseas creditors.

As of March 15th, 272 projects under Country Garden have been included in the "white list", distributed in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), and the amount of financing support has reached 1.732 billion yuan. Other projects that have entered the "white list" are being put in place one after another. Among them, on March 15th, the first batch of "white list" project of Guangzhou real estate coordination mechanism, Country Garden Guangzhou Nanpu Village Project, successfully won the first batch of 50 million yuan loan support from Minsheng Bank, and it is estimated that the annual loan will be 400 million yuan to 450 million yuan.

People close to the company said that the number of short-listed "white list" projects in Country Garden has increased significantly, and the existing projects have been approved by banks, indicating that the efforts of enterprises to actively save themselves and go all out to ensure delivery in the current market environment have been supported and recognized by the government and financial institutions. The "white list" policy of national real estate financing has achieved remarkable results, which is helpful to promote the guaranteed delivery of enterprises.

As of the close of March 28th, Country Garden reported HK$ 0.485 per share, an increase of 1.04%.

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Country Garden’s over 10 billion shares were frozen.

On March 25th, Tianyancha information showed that recently, Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Country Garden Holdings, added several pieces of information about stock right freezing. The enterprises whose shares were executed included Guangzhou Yuedong Country Garden Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen paladin Phase V Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership), Shenzhen Huixin No.22 Investment Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership), Shenzhen Biji Industrial Development Co., Ltd., etc. The amount of frozen shares ranged from 39 million yuan to 6.705 billion yuan, and the total frozen shares exceeded 10 billion yuan. The enforcement courts were the Intermediate People’s Court of Jining City, Shandong Province and the People’s Court of Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong Province.

According to the data, Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. was established in April 2015, and its legal representative is Jian Wentang, with a registered capital of about 15.3 billion yuan. It is jointly held by Foshan Shunde Zhouhua Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Bigui Technology Development Co., Ltd. Risk information shows that the shares of several companies held by the company have been frozen before. In addition, the company also has information such as the executor and the consumption restriction order.

In response, Country Garden responded that the equity freeze involved cooperation projects of regional companies. Due to the dispute between Country Garden and the partner in cost calculation and pre-distribution of profits, the partner applied to the court for property preservation. Such disputes are normal commercial disputes, and the court has not yet made a final judgment. The frozen equity value is not the same as the disputed object, and the company is ready to raise an objection to the excessive preservation of the partner.

■ Integrated from Country Garden Announcement

■ Editor: Yue Yue, Zhang Ayi