Fashion is superficial, but maybe it shouldn’t be so superficial.

Many people believe that the way they dress expresses their unique personality, but in fact, they are only highly in line with the sales needs and brand positioning of the capitalist fashion system. "

This passage comes from Enlightenment of Fashion. The authors of the book, Agnes Rocamora and Annike Mo Like, hit the nail on the head-her views are not new, but they are indeed in line with reality.

Like many things that look beautiful, the fashion industry seems to have made great strides in recent years and penetrated into the lives of most ordinary people, but this may not be the case. (Photo/vision china)

People are not only easy to get lost at crossroads, but also easy to lose their eyes in the process of pursuing fashion. Looking around, the elements of the trend are so crowded and similar. If the whole fashion industry had trampled presbyopia on the soles of their feet yesterday and thought it was a pedantic aristocratic class or a blind choice of the nouveau riche, presbyopia would have regained its crown overnight and become a symbol of elegance and eternity.

So, what are people chasing after?

Marx believes that fashion will become a symbol of a person’s social status whether it is artificial or not, and this symbolic meaning can be a means to create social identity and impression, and it can also "make people find their place in society".

Marx believes that fashion will become a symbol of a person’s social status whether it is artificial or not. /Figure ·unsplash

This thinker from Germany once lamented the importance of a coat to his academic research, and even played a decisive role. Otherwise, Das Kapital would be out of our reach. After all, "the reading room of the British Library is not accessible to anyone in a bad street, but a man without a coat is here".

Elegance is out of date.

Christian dior wrote in his notes: "Without elegance, women are left to blindly pursue fashion."

Now, elegance is not so important, it is just the core of the old world fashion circle. Nowadays, people put a lot of out-of-date fashion goods on their bodies and declare their taste with a bunch of repeated letters. When the navel dress is popular, it is hard not to see the belly button on the street; When the over-the-knee boots were hot, the knees disappeared without a trace.

Christian dior wrote in his notes: "Without elegance, women are left to blindly pursue fashion." /Figure ·unsplash

Like many things that look beautiful, the fashion industry seems to have made great strides in recent years and penetrated into the lives of most ordinary people, but this may not be the case.

Nada van den Berg, author of The Power of Fashion, believes that the last decade or more is a period when the fashion circle has become mediocre. On the one hand, some talented designers have died, some have lived in seclusion, some are at a low ebb, and some are hard to achieve much; On the other hand, due to the role of social media, a group of street designers with basically no connotation went out overnight.

This part of the designers intercepted individual factors in the master’s works and amplified them, which gave birth to a batch of explosions and directly affected the high-end fashion brands that were known for their classics and elegance in the past.

October 5, 2021, Paris, France, Paris Fashion Week 2022, Louis Vuitton brand show. (Photo/vision china)

Nada said that this phenomenon reached its climax with Virgil Abloh, the designer of Off-White, as the design director of men’s wear at Louis Vuitton, which caused great controversy. Although Virgil has passed away now, his influence on fashion is extremely profound, and it is hard to say whether this influence is good or bad.

For a long time, Virgil’s design ability has been questioned in the industry, and many designers who are trained in the class disdain him. Some people prefer to call him a "genius marketer" because he knows the aesthetics and needs of the public so well that he gives up an important principle as an artist, that is, leading.

In recent years, the fashion industry seems to have made great strides and penetrated into the lives of most ordinary people. /Figure ·unsplash

Obviously, Virgil chose to cater to the public, which also made Off-White one of the most famous street brands in the world. Along with it, there are also trend brands Vetements and Yeezy, three street brand giants, which have triggered many "earthquakes" in the fashion circle.

Before this, luxury brands and street trend brands were incompatible, but now, luxury goods have become "unrecognizable", and they no longer act as the leaders of ideological trends, but began to pursue these street brands. When Louis Vuitton chose a street brand founder to guide men’s clothing around the world, the trend of grassroots counterattack was revealed.

Virgil’s design concept was also questioned. In the speech of Harvard University School of Design in October 2017, Virgil talked about his secret of success: "Change the classic design by 3% and it will become my work." In fact, the "3 Percent Approach" is Virgil’s most important design guiding principle.

In the past, luxury brands and street fashion brands were incompatible, but now, luxury goods have become "unrecognizable". /Figure ·unsplash

On his design list, plagiarism has become a major factor, and he has been deeply involved in plagiarism for many times. The cooperative chair with IKEA looks like twins with the classic chair designed by American designer Paul McCobb; Virgil’s shoes designed for Louis Vuitton look like Air Jordan’s own son. In its Louis Vuitton Spring/Summer 2020 collection, it is difficult for people with good eyesight to tell the difference between the metal logo-linked blouse and the spring/summer women’s dress released by YSL” 2008 except that one letter is LV and the other letter is YSL.

In a broader sense, the current fashion is dominated by designers like Virgil. In them, fashion is short and perishable, and the transmission of symbols is vividly displayed.

Nada is obviously disappointed with this. She believes that by constantly creating explosions-although this partly reflects some characteristics of this era, the design without connotation will continue to repeat the story of popularity and disappearance, which will only kill their barren design concept and eventually lead to nothingness in the whole fashion industry.

Nada believes that by constantly creating explosions, it will eventually lead to the nothingness of the entire fashion industry. /Figure ·unsplash

Numéro’s reporter once asked karl lagerfeld which of Virgil, Jacquemus (founder of the eponymous fashion brand) and Jonathan Anderson (fashion director of Luo Yiwei) would choose to spend the time with him in the desert island. Lagerfeld’s answer is-I’d rather commit suicide.

Lagerfeld’s answer undoubtedly added a trace of sadness to the fashion circle of this era. Nada believes that we need talented designers like Rei Kawakubo, McQueen and Yves Saint-Laurent to create a new paradigm.

In the 1970s and 1990s, there were many masters in fashion. Under the background of social thoughts, philosophical thoughts and drastic political and economic changes, the fashion circle as a part of the cultural framework is full of stars. Those clothes that create a paradigm will never play with letters like today’s fashion clothes, or play some boring erotic edge balls, and there will be no terrible sight of thousands of clothes. At that time, it was the time to create masters of art, and now, it is the time to create marketing guru.

The 1970s and 1990s were the times to create masters of art, but now, it is the times to create marketing guru. /Figure ·unsplash

Supreme created money empire with seven letters and a red background, and artists rushed into the gold mine of street brands one after another. Together with online celebrity, stars, designers and crazy consumers, they created a consumption myth with endless co-branded money-this is Virgil’s favorite, and his nickname is "co-branded madman". When black and white stripes (Off-White signs) appear on Rimowa suitcase, this suitcase is not just Rimowa, and the extra money spent by consumers is used for the factory to buy black and white paint.

From bottom to top

Fashion is superficial, but maybe it shouldn’t be so superficial.

For more than a century, top-down has been corrected to bottom-up, that is, the more civilian, grassroots and street things are, the better. Of course, things in the upper class are good, but it’s best not to say them, which goes against the so-called political correctness law all over the world.

May 17th, 2021, Beijing, 2021 China International University Fashion Week, works exhibition of Beijing Union University Art College. (Photo/vision china)

But are street and civilian things really the best? What we need to distinguish is whether its goodness comes from itself or from our paranoia. On the other hand, nowadays, all the fashion brands have become identical multiple brothers, from the outline, color matching, letter arrangement to the selling price figures. What is the problem? This situation has also affected luxury brands. Compared with the past, the differences between Louis Vuitton, YSL and Gucci have narrowed dramatically.

All these phenomena point out that the cultural attribute of fashion is collapsing.

Today, the public is undoubtedly the aesthetic leader, designers cater to them, and capital is more open to the public’s preferences. But we have to understand that the aesthetic standard of the public is always based on another public. This kind of nature of being keen on convergence doesn’t even need a brain. People will brainwash themselves. If he wears it, she wears it, and they are all wearing it, then this thing must be good. But when the industry caters to this trend, the result is that the fashion circle may really need to be saved.

Focus on nature-based cultural programs

The Forbidden City in Beijing is a world cultural heritage site. In 2022, on the east side of the Forbidden City, a small ecological green space began to be built against the wall. Covering an area of 150 square meters, the "Jianting Green Space" recorded a total of 37 species of designed planting plants, 42 species of autogenous plants and 29 species of animals.

The creation of biological living space is the field of urban ecology. In the high-density residential environment, the micro-green ecosystem of native plant communities is constructed to provide living space for birds, insects and other creatures. However, the most noteworthy phenomenon in the "Jianting Greenland" project is that the designers actively and massively integrated into cultural resources, corresponding to the principle of authenticity of world heritage, and logically and responsibly combined the "authenticity" of restored landscape with the "artistic conception" of garden construction. Ecological workers identify "plants" in the paintings in the Forbidden City, investigate the "patches" of native plants preserved in imperial gardens such as Yuanmingyuan within the scope of "three mountains and five gardens", and then combine the list of zonal plants in the literature of phytogeography and vegetation ecology-next, focus on corresponding reproduction. The content combination of "Jianting Green Space" goes further than the conventional and traditional idea of "garden flower border", adding native plant elements, and also meets the requirements of heritage sites for the inheritance of historical context and the new expectations for the protection of urban biodiversity.

So, is this a matter of "nature" or should it be attributed to the overall space of "culture"?

In recent years, the concept of "natural-based solutions" has played an important role in coping with global challenges such as climate change, disaster prevention and mitigation, food security, water security and ecosystem degradation. In 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China and the World Conservation Union jointly published the Typical Case of China’s Practice of Nature-based Solutions, which involved the types of ecosystems such as nature, agriculture and cities and the main functions of national land space. Under the background of ecological civilization construction, the restoration means based on nature will gradually and profoundly affect the interpretation of the value of great sites, the continuation of the style of famous cities and even the reproduction of the authenticity of heritage parks.

If the "Jianting Greenland" project is simply summed up as a whimsical biodiversity practice and only focuses on "creating an interesting ecological landscape", it obviously underestimates the efforts and wisdom of all parties. "Jianting Greenland" is the crystallization of cultural heritage protection, natural restoration and public ecological concept, and it is a shining cultural spark in the "natural-based solution", which effectively extends the system path to the establishment of "natural-based cultural solution".

What objectives should be included in the "Nature-based Cultural Program"? One is to reflect the interaction between "nature" and "culture", especially to expand the position and function of natural science in cultural projects; The second is to understand and describe the wisdom and social progress of human beings in sustainable development from the perspective of "culture" of world heritage. This means a brand-new theoretical cross-system, and it is impossible to simply combine or pile up various fields. The knowledge structure and implementation steps of "cultural scheme based on nature" must come from practice test. Thus, the emergence of one "Arrow Pavilion Green Space" after another has a positive significance worthy of attention and encouragement.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

1. Forehand ball rubbing:Stand sideways in front of the right net and hold the racket forehand. The racket is tilted to the right, front and upper with the forearm extended. When the racket is lifted to the highest point, the forearm rotates outward, the wrist flashes from backward to slightly inward, the index finger and thumb holding the clap grip the racket, and the middle finger, ring finger and little finger lightly hold the racket handle, so that the racket rubs the right bottom of the ball under the swing force of the wrist and fingers, and the ball rotates and rolls over the net.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

2, backhand rub ball:Before hitting the ball, the forearm is slightly raised, the wrist is bent forward, the back of the hand is about the same height as the net, and the racket face is lower than the top of the net, and the backhand face is used to meet the ball. When rubbing the ball, the right back bottom of the ball is rubbed mainly by the combined force of the forearm’s forward extension and outward rotation and the wrist’s adduction and abduction, so that the ball rotates sideways and rolls over the net.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

Pulling the ball is to sweep the incoming ball on the left and right sides of the body, below the shoulder and above the waist. haveThere are two kinds of forehand and backhand strokes.

1. Forehand stroke:Standing in the middle of the right field, the feet are parallel and slightly wider than the shoulders, the center of gravity is between the feet, the knees are slightly bent, and the forehand is held in front of the right shoulder. Before hitting the ball, the elbow is swung forward, the forearm is slightly rotated back, the wrist is slightly abduction to the back, and the racquet is brought back. When hitting the ball, the forearm rotates inward, the wrist is straight and flashing, the fingers grasp the handle, and the racket sweeps the cover at high speed from right back to right front to hit the ball. After hitting the ball, swing your arm to the left, take a step forward to the left with your left foot, and return to the center with your right heel.

2, backhand draw:The right foot crosses in front of the left side, the center of gravity is on the left foot, and the backhand grip of the right hand is in front of the left side. Before hitting the ball, the elbow is slightly raised, the forearm is pronated, the wrist is abduction, and the racquet is taken to the left. When hitting the ball, driven by the right turn of the pith, the forearm rotates outward, the wrist flashes from abduction to straightness, and the bottom of the bat tray is swung. After hitting the ball, the racket is retracted to the right side with the back movement of the body.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

Killing the ball is to obliquely press the ball hit by the opponent at the highest hitting point as possible. This kind of ball has great strength, straight arc and fast landing, which poses a great threat to the opponent. It is the main technique of attack. Killing the ball is divided into forehand killing straight line and diagonal ball. Overhead kill straight and diagonal balls, forehand flying assault kill straight balls and backhand kill straight balls.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

1, forehand straight ball (sideways take-off):The preparation posture and action essentials are basically the same as forehand golf. After the steps are in place, bend your knees and lower your center of gravity, ready to take off. When taking off sideways, lift your shoulders to the upper right to drive your upper arm, forearm and racket to lift up, so as to stretch your body upwards. After the take-off, the body leans back and shoulders back into an anti-bow. Then the right upper arm swings up to the right, the forearm swings back naturally, the wrist stretches back, and the forearm drives the racket to swing from top to bottom, so the grip should be loose. Then, the right upper arm is swung up to the right with the elbow leading, and the forearm is swung forward at full speed, which drives the racket to swing forward at high speed. When the hitting point is in front of the shoulder, the forearm is pronated, the wrist is slightly retracted, and the wrist is flashed to kill the ball. At this time, the fingers should suddenly grasp the handle and concentrate the explosive force of the wrist on the hitting point. The angle between the racket and the horizontal plane in the hitting direction is less than 90 degrees, and the racket hits the back of the bracket in the front, so that the ball goes straight down. After killing the ball, the forearm moves forward with inertia. Recover the racket to the chest during the return process.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

2, forehand diagonal ball (sideways take-off):The preparation posture and action essentials are the same as forehand straight ball. The difference is that after taking off, the body turns to the left and pushes hard to help the arm hit the ball diagonally. Overhead killing straight and diagonal balls: the action essentials and preparation posture are the same as overhead hitting high balls. The difference is that when you swing and hit the ball, you should concentrate on pressing down in a straight line or diagonal direction, and the angle between the racket face and the horizontal plane in the hitting direction is less than 90.

It is not so simple to learn all kinds of badminton skills.

3, backhand kill straight ball:The preparation posture and action essentials are the same as those of the backhand golf. The difference is that the swing force before hitting the ball is larger, and the angle between the racket and the horizontal plane in the killing direction at the moment of hitting the ball is less than 90 degrees.

The Frontier of Science and Technology | See how AI doctors crack down on "invisible killers" that endanger the health of teenagers

Cover journalist Tan Yuqing Bian Xue

In recent years, scoliosis has become a common disease that harms teenagers, making it difficult for sick teenagers to straighten their backs. According to statistics, the number of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students in China exceeds 5 million, and it is still increasing at a rate of about 300,000 per year. Scoliosis has become the third major disease that harms the health of children and adolescents after obesity and myopia.

Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the key points to combat scoliosis, otherwise it may develop into a very serious deformity, which may affect cardiopulmonary function and even lead to paralysis in severe cases.

Scoliosis model

In the past, doctors would diagnose scoliosis by manual measurement and X-ray screening, but with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical imaging technology, this step may be further optimized. In the screening stage, it is only necessary to "simply take pictures" to preliminarily determine whether scoliosis occurs, and in the diagnosis stage, the "experienced" AI system can also assist doctors to quickly read films for diagnosis.

Why can taking pictures replace x-rays? How does AI system assist doctors in screening and diagnosing scoliosis? Recently, the cover journalist explored the development of AI+ medical imaging technology.

It only takes a few seconds. Did the AI system tell you about scoliosis?

In the "simulated physical examination room", the reporter saw the hardware part of the spine AIS intelligent screening and diagnosis system (hereinafter referred to as the "system")-a rectangular metal frame about 2 meters high, with a group of small cameras in the center of the top. It looks simple, but the effect is not simple. The reporter’s on-site experience found that it took only a few seconds from detection to obtaining the report results.

The hardware part of the system is the camera.

"As long as the examinee stands in a standard position and poses Adam’s position to expose his back, the system can quickly complete the screening by using an infrared depth camera to collect information on his back." According to Fan Jipeng, the person in charge of the Shuangxin Department of Chengdian Gold Disk, the system will map and transform the image information collected by the camera to get the depth information of multiple posture key points on the back, so as to calculate the back asymmetry index and judge whether the subject may have scoliosis.

Schematic diagram of screening process

He said that this intelligent system will get closer and closer to the level of X-ray diagnosis by constantly learning actual cases and optimizing existing algorithms. While ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of screening, it can also prevent the teenagers being tested from being exposed to X-ray radiation.

This new technology may help to better implement the scoliosis examination project that was included in the physical examination of students in 2022. "We think the greatest significance of the screening system is that it can quickly complete large-scale examinations, so that children with scoliosis who have not yet been discovered will not be delayed."

Interface of scoliosis diagnosis system

In the diagnosis stage, the intelligent system is also a good assistant for doctors. Fan Jipeng explained that in the traditional process, in order to diagnose scoliosis, doctors need to measure the Cobb angle of the spine with a ruler, but this is time-consuming. Different doctors will make some errors when measuring by hand. Doctors with less experience may need to consult for scoliosis with large curvature, and the diagnosis time will be prolonged. However, after deep learning, the artificial intelligence system can accurately read and measure the film within 3~5 seconds, and give diagnosis suggestions.

At present, the system has completed the screening and diagnosis of more than 5,000 cases of scoliosis. "Now we are cooperating with Electronic Science and Technology University Hospital, Zhongshan Pok Oi Hospital and Shenzhen Children’s Scoliosis Center, and this number will be continuously updated."

Training "AI Good Doctor" by "Engraving" Algorithm of Expert Experience

"The accuracy of top doctors’ diagnosis of scoliosis may be 85%~90%, and the overall accuracy of our system will continue to approach this figure." Fan Jipeng said that at present, of course, the accuracy of top experts is higher, but compared with ordinary doctors, the system may have exceeded their basic level.

So, what gives the diagnosis system the ability to catch up with top experts? The answer is the experts themselves.

"When experts mark the angles of thousands of scoliosis cases, the system will learn based on this and solidify the experience of top experts into the algorithm, thus reaching a higher diagnostic level." In Fan Jipeng’s view, although the system is not as good as top experts, it is used to assist ordinary doctors in diagnosis or help improve their medical level.

The marked samples provided by human experts are the "success stories" of artificial intelligence doctors, but Fan Jipeng said that this is also one of the difficulties in the development of AI doctors. Different races, even people in different regions, will have certain differences. If the diagnosis is accurate enough, researchers need to collect as many samples as possible for AI to learn.

At present, the real large-scale landing of the system still faces some difficulties in the process. "How to make the medical examiners go through the inspection process quickly and how to ensure that their Adam posture is standard requires some corresponding training."

Therefore, the system will learn more practical cases, further optimize its algorithm program, continuously improve the diagnostic accuracy, and design detailed operating standards for the system, "for example, what is the standard Adam position, how to do it well, etc."

Three minutes learn the wire to withstand the current estimation, knowing this is called electricity

Work temperature is 30 ° C, and the amount of carrier flow under the long-term continuous 90% load is as follows:

1.5 square millimeters – 13A

2.5 square millimeters – 26A
4 square millimeters – 32A

6 square millimeters – 47A
16 square millimeters – 92A

25 square millimeters – 1220A

35 square millimeters – 150A

Current conversion power:

1A=220W,

10A=2200W,

So on and so forth.

For example, if the carrier traffic is 14A, it is: 220W × 14=3080W, then 1.5 square copper wire power is 3.08 kW.

Long-term current allowed by national standard:

4 square is 25-32A

6 square is 32-40A

In fact, these are the theoretical security values, and the limit value is more than these.

The maximum power allowed by the 2,5 square copper wires is: 5500W.

4 square 8000W, 6 square 9000W is no problem.

40A’s digital meter is normal 9000W absolutely no problem. The 12000W of the machine will not be burned.

03

Copper wire wires allow long-term current:

2.5 square millimeters (16A ~ 25A)
4 square millimeters (25A ~ 32A)
6 square millimeters (32A ~ 40A)

for example :

1. Each computer consumes approximately 200 ~ 300W (about 1 to 1.5a), then 10 computers need a 2.5-square millimeter copper wire power supply, otherwise a fire may occur.

2, the large 3 air conditioner consumption is approximately 3000W (about 14a), then one air conditioner requires a separate 2.5 square millimeter copper wire power supply.
3, the current housing outlet is generally 4 square millimeters of copper wire, so the home appliances open at the same time must not exceed 25A (ie 5500 watts), some people replace the wires in the house to 6 square millimeters copper wires are useless. Because the wires entering the meter are 4 square millimeters.
4. Early housing (15 years ago) The import line is generally 2.5 square millimeter aluminum wire, so the home appliances open at the same time must not exceed 13A (ie 2800 watts).

5, household appliances that are relatively large consumption are: air conditioner 5a (1.2), electric water heater 10a, microwave oven 4a, rice cooker 4a, dishwasher 8a, drying machine 10a with drying function, electric heater 4a.

Among the fire caused by the power supply, it is due to the heat of the hair, so all the joints must be welded, and the contact devices that cannot be welded 5 to 10 years must be replaced (such as socket, air switch, etc.).

04

Copper wire wire cable traffic standard cable flow oral estimation:

Take the next two o’clock in nine, and go to the next time.

Thirty-five take three o’clock, double bunom group is five.

The conditions have changed, and the high temperature is 10% off copper upgrade.

The number of tube is two or three four and eight seven six folds.

illustrate:

This mouth is not directly pointed out to various insulated lines (rubber and plastic insulation lines), but "cross-section is multiplied in a certain number" to be represented.

"Two five-point multiply by nine, go to the next time," said that various cross-sectional aluminum insulation lines of 2.5mm2 and below are about 9 times the number of carriers of the cross-section. Such as 2.5mm2 wires, the carrier flow is 2.5 × 9=22.5 (a). The multiple relationship between the carriage of 4mm2 and more wires and the number of cross-section is row, the line number is row, the multiple is successively reduced by 1, i.e., 4 × 8, 6 × 7, 10 × 6, 16 × 5, 25 × 4.

"Thirty-five Take Three Fiveth, Double Bunction] Say", it is said that 35mm2 lead traffic is 3.5 times the number of cross-section, ie 35 × 3.5=122.5 (a). Wire from 50 mm 2 and above, the multiple relationship between the amount of carrier flow and the number of cross-section becomes a set of two two lines, and the multiple is 0.5. That is, 50, 70mm2 wire has a total of 3 times the number of cross-section; 95, 120 mm2 lead traffic is 2.5 times the number of cross-sectional area, and push it according to the secondary.

"Conditions have changed, high temperature nine fold copper upgrades". The above mouth is the copper core insulation line, which is determined under the condition of 25 ° C in ambient temperature. If the aluminum core insulation line is in the area where the ambient temperature is higher than 25 ° C, the wire carrier flow can be calculated according to the above-mentioned oral calculation method, and then hits it again; when used is not an aluminum wire but the copper core insulation line, Its carrier flow is slightly larger than the same size aluminum wire, and can calculate a carrier flow than the aluminum wire in the above-mentioned oral method. For example, the flow of 25mm2 copper wire can be calculated according to 25 mm2 aluminum wire.

Tips

● Electrician advanced information package:Wiring diagram, electrical identification, e-book, PPT …